Reflections on Paradigm Shift in Urban System Reconstruction

2019 ◽  
Vol 07 (02) ◽  
pp. 1950004
Author(s):  
Jiahua PAN
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Urban System ◽  
City Size ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Ecological Civilization ◽  
Urban Hierarchy ◽  
Industrial Civilization ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Natural Productivity

In the era of agricultural civilization, the city size and layout adapted to nature and natural productivity; while in the era of industrial civilization, the constraints of natural productivity were broken by technological means, and the increasing returns to scale have enabled the urban population size to exceed 10 million and the urban population density to exceed 10,000 people/km2. Under the paradigm of industrial civilization, the spatial agglomeration of resources is driven by economic rationality. Besides, China’s urban hierarchy has become a barrier and further strengthened the polarization trend of city size, resulting in an urban system in which the cities at higher administrative levels concentrate a lot of resources while suffering from prominent urban diseases, small- and medium-sized cities lack development vitality, and urban and rural areas are separated from each other. The historical experience that the flow of resource factors between urban and rural areas facilitates a relatively balanced spatial distribution of quality resources is worth learning. Under the paradigm of ecological civilization, it is important to harmonize humans with nature in the transformation and reconstruction by pursuing nature-based solutions, and build a low-carbon, resilient, and coordinated urban system.

Improving the Quality of China's Urbanization Through New-Type Urbanization

2014 ◽  
Vol 02 (02) ◽  
pp. 1450011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benfan LIANG ◽  
Mengmei CHEN
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
National Development ◽  
Housing Price ◽  
Development Planning ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Ecological Civilization ◽  
Basic Point ◽  
New Type ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

Fog and haze have attacked Beijing many times, while the rise in population is causing overcrowding, high housing price, and the concern about environmental problems occur in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and other cities. What's more, the development of small and medium towns becomes weaker, and the "Dual structure" phenomenon in both between urban and rural areas and within the city is intensified. In this situation, people lose confidence and doubt about the "Urbanization". This paper discusses the scientific connotation of new-type urbanization and puts forward the basic point of improving the quality of China's urbanization through new-type urbanization. This paper is of far-reaching strategic meaning and historical significance for the implementation of new-type urbanization national development planning, as well as the promotion of China's low-carbon ecological civilization construction.

China’s Low-Carbon Urbanization Progress and Pathway

2015 ◽  
Vol 03 (04) ◽  
pp. 1550028
Author(s):  
Benfan LIANG ◽  
Jiahua PAN ◽  
Ying ZHANG ◽  
Yanchun MENG ◽  
Shouxian ZHU
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
High Carbon ◽  
Ecological Civilization ◽  
Urbanization Rate ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

Low-carbon urbanization is the integration of urbanization and low carbonization. It is the low-carbon transformation of current urban areas, the new trend of developing model of urban and rural areas, which includes the low-carbon transition in production, living style, and ecological spaces, the low-carbon reform in economy, society, structure, and the developing model, as well as changing urban areas from high-carbon style to low-carbon style. The urbanization rate of China is almost the same with global average level, and is expected to reach 80% in 2050. Currently, urbanization replaces industrialization, becoming an important force influencing socio-economic development, climate and ecological environment changes, international relations, and political patterns. With a 2[Formula: see text]C rise in temperature, human beings have to face a series of risks brought by climate change. China’s large-scale urbanization is of great influence on others. In this context, it is necessary to take a scientific cognition of China’s urbanization process, clarifying urbanization developing pathway, turning carbon constraints into carbon bonus, avoiding high-carbon lock, and then to take opportunities in promoting economic structure under “new normal” conditions, accelerating the upgrade from urban civilization to ecological civilization, and to reach both 100-year goal and low-carbon developing goal, leading sustainable development globally.

A Study on Low-Carbon and Environmentally-Friendly Urbanization Path under the Perspective of Ecological Civilization

2014 ◽  
Vol 962-965 ◽  
pp. 1722-1725 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiang Wu
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Ecological Civilization ◽  
Chinese Characteristics ◽  
New Type ◽  
People First ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Laws And Policies ◽  
Ecological Remediation

Urbanization is the developing focus of China for the full establishment of well-to-do society before 2020. However, China’s urbanization faces challenges: large population, relative resource shortage, weak ecological environment, and the imbalance between urban and rural areas, etc. Therefore, China’s urbanization construction must take ecological civilization as the dominant idea, adhere to the principle of people first and fair sharing, take intensive, intelligent, green and low-carbon development path, make scientific planning, formulate laws and policies, and intensify environmental protection and ecological remediation. In addition, it’s also necessary to overcome the erroneous tendency of rash advance and follow the development law of urbanization so as to find a new-type urbanization path with Chinese characteristics.

Are Chinese Cities Oversized?

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 632-654
Author(s):  
Daidai Shen ◽  
Jean-Claude Thill ◽  
Jiuwen Sun
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Equilibrium Model ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Urban System ◽  
Agglomeration Economies ◽  
City Size ◽  
Chinese City ◽  
Intermediate Solution ◽  
Optimal City Size ◽  
The Impact

In this article, the socioeconomic determinants on urban population in China are empirically investigated with a theoretical equilibrium model for city size. While much of the research on urban size focuses on the impact of agglomeration economies based on “optimal city size” theory, this model is eschewed in our research due to its theoretical paradox in the real world, and we turn instead toward an intermediate solution proposed by Camagni, Capello, and Caragliu. This equilibrium model is estimated on a sample of 111 prefectural cities in China with multiple regression and artificial neural networks. Empirical results have shown that the model explains the variance in the data very well, and all the determinants have significant impacts on Chinese city sizes. Although sample cities have reached their equilibrium sizes as a whole, there is substantially unbalanced distribution of population within the urban system, with a strong contingent of cities that are either squarely too large or too small.

Low-Carbon Space in Urban and Rural Areas: Ecological Greenway Planning of Shanhaiguan District, Qinhuangdao City, China

2012 ◽  
Vol 253-255 ◽  
pp. 821-824
Author(s):  
Fan Zhang ◽  
Ning Wang ◽  
Qian Li
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Cultural Landscape ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Cultural Continuity ◽  
Cultural Resources ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Urban Buildings ◽  
Ecological Protection ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

With the rapid development of urbanization, more intensive urban buildings and crowded space resulted in the declining of the environmental quality in urban areas, and also eroding the natural and cultural resources both in urban and rural areas, which requested the desires for healthy living and natural environment. Greenway, with the low-carbon to meet people's desire, is a dedicated “way” linking the urban, natural and cultural landscape. With ecological protection, exercise, recreation and leisure, historical and cultural continuity, and other functions, it is one of the special low-carbon spaces. Greenway, sharing and integration of urban and rural resources, plays the role of effective protection of urban and rural local cultural and ecological environment. The design of the Shanhaiguan Greenway, for example, is not only to meet the basic requirements of the greenway, but also combined with the history and culture, to further Improve the urban quality of the historical and cultural city of Shanhaiguan and build an urban and rural low-carbon space.

scholarly journals Comparison between the risks in road safety behaviour in urban and rural areas in Latvia in 2016

2019 ◽  
Vol 68 ◽  
pp. 01008
Author(s):  
Aija Bukova-Zideluna ◽  
Anita Villerusa ◽  
Iveta Pudule
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Traffic Data ◽  
Front Seat ◽  
Back Seat ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Safety Behaviour

The study examined the differences between respondents in urban and rural areas in respect of their self-reported attitudes and behaviour regarding taking risks in road traffic. Data of Health Behaviour among Latvian Adult Population 2016 survey was used for analysis. Results: 83.7% (N=1605) of urban respondents and 86.7% (N = 1456) of rural respondents always used seatbelts in the front seat. Only 55.3% (N = 1605) of urban respondents and 52.1% (N = 875) of rural respondents always used seatbelts in the back seat. Odds to use seatbelts in the front seat were higher for rural population (OR = 1.27; 95% CI: 1.05–1.53). Odds to use seatbelts in the back seat were higher for urban population (OR=1.14; 95% CI: 1.01–1.30). Rural residents agreed more often with suggestion that it is not necessary to fasten the seatbelt on short journeys (OR = 1.42; 95% CI: 1.15–1.75) and that it is not necessary to fasten the seatbelt travelling at speed less than 40 km/h (OR=1.22; 95% CI: 1.01–1.56). Rural respondents agreed more often than urban respondents that that driving a car under alcohol influence increases a chance of being involved in an accident (OR = 1.45; 95% CI: 1.10–1.90).

A New Framework of Urban and Rural Planning System in Guangdong

2011 ◽  
Vol 368-373 ◽  
pp. 1689-1692 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong Jin Qi ◽  
Jian Yun Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Local Development ◽  
Urban System ◽  
Planning System ◽  
Rural Planning ◽  
Regional Coordination ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
British Planning ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
New Framework

As the "Urban and Rural Planning Law " had been promulgated in 2008, the paper studied the context of socio-economic development and the actual situation of urban and rural development in Guangdong Province, drawing on the experience of the British planning system, proposing the framework of urban and rural planning system as "Provincial Spatial Plan" and "Local Development Plan", which including urban system planning, master plan, detailed plan, village plan four types. The new framework will streamline the planning system, reduce the levels of planning and clear the relationship between different types of planning, contributing to regional coordination in urban and rural areas.

scholarly journals Some Matters relating to Urban Management aiming to Reduction of Environmental Pollution

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (9) ◽  
pp. 143-148
Author(s):  
Cong Tri Tran ◽  
Van Huong Dong
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Sustainable Urban Development ◽  
Urban Management ◽  
Social Infrastructure ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Management Capacity ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Development Gap

Urban areas are constantly developing and rapidly, especially in recent times. According to the United Nations, in 1950 the global urban population accounted for only 29% of the world's population; this figure was 50% in 2009 and will be 60% in 2030 with about 5 billion people. In Vietnam, urban population is projected to account for 38% of the country's population by 2015, 45% of the country's population in 2020 and 50% of the national population by 2025 with about 25 million. In the process of urbanization with growth and development, cities often face significant challenges. These are: 1) Unbalanced development, over-focus on large cities makes the development gap between urban and rural areas more and more increasing; 2) Unsustainable development, rapid technical and social infrastructure systems degrading rapidly, especially housing and environmental sanitation; 3) The administrative management capacity of urban governments must often chase the rapid growth of urban areas; 4) Poverty, crime and unemployment often occur in rapidly growing cities but lack solid economic and technical bases. In order to have an identity of sustainable urban development, development cannot be separated from preserving stability in which urban management is always a very important task.

scholarly journals Strengthening Urban-Rural Resource Flow through Regional Circular and Ecological Sphere (R-CES) Approach in Nagpur, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (20) ◽  
pp. 8663
Author(s):  
Kamakshi Thapa ◽  
Vibhas Sukhwani ◽  
Sameer Deshkar ◽  
Rajib Shaw ◽  
Bijon Kumer Mitra
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Maximum Flow ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Interview Method ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Urban Settlements ◽  
Home Interview ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
The Government ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

Urban and rural areas within a regional space are closely linked through a variety of linkages including the flow of people. The increasing pace of development transformations with discrete planning of urban and rural areas has raised serious concerns for achieving coordinated development at the regional level. In that regard, the concept of Regional Circular and Ecological Sphere (R-CES) has recently been introduced by the Government of Japan to localize the flow of resources between urban and rural areas. To understand the applicability of the R-CES approach, this study aims to visualize the flow of people within a defined cluster of Nagpur Metropolitan Area (NMA) in India. A “home interview method” Origin-Destination survey was adopted to analyze the flow patterns of people and their key purposes. Based on the collected information, flows of people were represented using a desire line diagram in ArcGIS 10.4.1. The study results revealed that the maximum flow of the rural and forest population is directed towards nearby or distant urban settlements to avail the higher-order urban services. Based on the key R-CES principles of a low-carbon society, circular economy, and harmony with nature, the authors suggest feasible directions for localizing the urban–rural flow of people in NMA.

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