China’s Low-Carbon Urbanization Progress and Pathway

2015 ◽  
Vol 03 (04) ◽  
pp. 1550028
Author(s):  
Benfan LIANG ◽  
Jiahua PAN ◽  
Ying ZHANG ◽  
Yanchun MENG ◽  
Shouxian ZHU
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
High Carbon ◽  
Ecological Civilization ◽  
Urbanization Rate ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

Low-carbon urbanization is the integration of urbanization and low carbonization. It is the low-carbon transformation of current urban areas, the new trend of developing model of urban and rural areas, which includes the low-carbon transition in production, living style, and ecological spaces, the low-carbon reform in economy, society, structure, and the developing model, as well as changing urban areas from high-carbon style to low-carbon style. The urbanization rate of China is almost the same with global average level, and is expected to reach 80% in 2050. Currently, urbanization replaces industrialization, becoming an important force influencing socio-economic development, climate and ecological environment changes, international relations, and political patterns. With a 2[Formula: see text]C rise in temperature, human beings have to face a series of risks brought by climate change. China’s large-scale urbanization is of great influence on others. In this context, it is necessary to take a scientific cognition of China’s urbanization process, clarifying urbanization developing pathway, turning carbon constraints into carbon bonus, avoiding high-carbon lock, and then to take opportunities in promoting economic structure under “new normal” conditions, accelerating the upgrade from urban civilization to ecological civilization, and to reach both 100-year goal and low-carbon developing goal, leading sustainable development globally.

scholarly journals Is global dimming and brightening in Japan limited to urban areas?

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katsumasa Tanaka ◽  
Atsumu Ohmura ◽  
Doris Folini ◽  
Martin Wild ◽  
Nozomu Ohkawara
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Surface Radiation ◽  
Surface Solar Radiation ◽  
Decadal Time Scale ◽  
Global Dimming ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

Abstract. Observations worldwide indicate secular trends of all-sky surface solar radiation on decadal time scale, termed global dimming and brightening. Accordingly, the observed surface radiation in Japan generally shows a strong decline till the end of the 1980s and then a recovery toward around 2000. Because a substantial number of measurement stations are located within or proximate to populated areas, one may speculate that the observed trends are strongly influenced by local air pollution and are thus not of large-scale significance. This hypothesis poses a serious question as to what regional extent the global dimming and brightening are significant: Are the global dimming and brightening truly global phenomena, or regional or even only local? Our study focused on 14 meteorological observatories that measured all-sky surface solar radiation, zenith transmittance, and maximum transmittance. On the basis of municipality population time series, historical land use maps, recent satellite images, and actual site visits, we concluded that eight stations had been significantly influenced by urbanization, with the remaining six stations being left pristine. Between the urban and rural areas, no marked differences were identified in the temporal trends of the aforementioned meteorological parameters. Our finding suggests that global dimming and brightening in Japan occurred on a large scale, independently of urbanization.

Low-Carbon Space in Urban and Rural Areas: Ecological Greenway Planning of Shanhaiguan District, Qinhuangdao City, China

2012 ◽  
Vol 253-255 ◽  
pp. 821-824
Author(s):  
Fan Zhang ◽  
Ning Wang ◽  
Qian Li
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Cultural Landscape ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Cultural Continuity ◽  
Cultural Resources ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Urban Buildings ◽  
Ecological Protection ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

With the rapid development of urbanization, more intensive urban buildings and crowded space resulted in the declining of the environmental quality in urban areas, and also eroding the natural and cultural resources both in urban and rural areas, which requested the desires for healthy living and natural environment. Greenway, with the low-carbon to meet people's desire, is a dedicated “way” linking the urban, natural and cultural landscape. With ecological protection, exercise, recreation and leisure, historical and cultural continuity, and other functions, it is one of the special low-carbon spaces. Greenway, sharing and integration of urban and rural resources, plays the role of effective protection of urban and rural local cultural and ecological environment. The design of the Shanhaiguan Greenway, for example, is not only to meet the basic requirements of the greenway, but also combined with the history and culture, to further Improve the urban quality of the historical and cultural city of Shanhaiguan and build an urban and rural low-carbon space.

scholarly journals Changing Food Consumption and Nutrition Intake in Kazakhstan

Nutrients ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 326
Author(s):  
Mengmeng Jia ◽  
Lin Zhen ◽  
Yu Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Food Resource ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Temporal Perspective ◽  
Nutrition Intake ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

Food resource is an important bond that connects human beings and nature. In this study, we investigated the changes in food consumption and nutrition intake in Kazakhstan from a spatial and temporal perspective, from 2001 to 2018. The data were obtained from the Bureau of Statistics, international organizations and our social interview work. After the start of the 21st century, it was found that per capita food consumption significantly increased; however, the consumption of crop, vegetables and milk decreased. Per capita meat consumption was similar in both urban and rural areas. However, some food consumption showed differences between urban and rural areas. Changes of food consumption quantity and structure also had some effects on nutrient intake and the proportion of nutrients. Per capita energy intake in the national, urban and rural areas all increased remarkably. The energy intake changes in eastern states increased much more than that in western states. Protein intake in rural and urban areas was similar; however, the gap between carbohydrates and fat intake in urban and rural areas increased. The intake of protein, carbohydrates and fat in different states showed the same trend. Food consumption and nutrition intake are affected by economic, social and ecological factors.

Improving the Quality of China's Urbanization Through New-Type Urbanization

2014 ◽  
Vol 02 (02) ◽  
pp. 1450011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benfan LIANG ◽  
Mengmei CHEN
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
National Development ◽  
Housing Price ◽  
Development Planning ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Ecological Civilization ◽  
Basic Point ◽  
New Type ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

Fog and haze have attacked Beijing many times, while the rise in population is causing overcrowding, high housing price, and the concern about environmental problems occur in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and other cities. What's more, the development of small and medium towns becomes weaker, and the "Dual structure" phenomenon in both between urban and rural areas and within the city is intensified. In this situation, people lose confidence and doubt about the "Urbanization". This paper discusses the scientific connotation of new-type urbanization and puts forward the basic point of improving the quality of China's urbanization through new-type urbanization. This paper is of far-reaching strategic meaning and historical significance for the implementation of new-type urbanization national development planning, as well as the promotion of China's low-carbon ecological civilization construction.

A Study on Low-Carbon and Environmentally-Friendly Urbanization Path under the Perspective of Ecological Civilization

2014 ◽  
Vol 962-965 ◽  
pp. 1722-1725 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiang Wu
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Ecological Civilization ◽  
Chinese Characteristics ◽  
New Type ◽  
People First ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Laws And Policies ◽  
Ecological Remediation

Urbanization is the developing focus of China for the full establishment of well-to-do society before 2020. However, China’s urbanization faces challenges: large population, relative resource shortage, weak ecological environment, and the imbalance between urban and rural areas, etc. Therefore, China’s urbanization construction must take ecological civilization as the dominant idea, adhere to the principle of people first and fair sharing, take intensive, intelligent, green and low-carbon development path, make scientific planning, formulate laws and policies, and intensify environmental protection and ecological remediation. In addition, it’s also necessary to overcome the erroneous tendency of rash advance and follow the development law of urbanization so as to find a new-type urbanization path with Chinese characteristics.

Connected Countryside: The Inhibiting Effect of Social Media on Rural Social Movements

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Schuler ◽  
Mai Truong
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Online Communication ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Information Flows ◽  
Urban Movements ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

While much research focuses on social media and urban movements, almost no research explores its potentially divergent effects in rural areas. Building on recent work emphasizing the multidimensional effects of online communication on vertical and horizontal information, we argue that while the Internet may facilitate large-scale urban movements, it inhibits large-scale rural movements. Because social media increases vertical information flows between government and citizens, the central government responds quickly to rural protests, preventing such protests from developing into a large-scale movement. By contrast, social media does less to change the vertical information flows in urban areas. We explore the plausibility of our argument by process tracing the evolution of protests in urban and rural areas in Vietnam in the pre-Internet and in the Internet eras.

scholarly journals Enhancing Food Security by Institutionalizing Collaborative Food Alliances in Urban Areas

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 4103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vibhas Sukhwani ◽  
Arie Nurzaman ◽  
Nadia Paramitha Kusumawardhani ◽  
Anwaar Mohammed AlHinai ◽  
Liu Hanyu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Policy Coordination ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Multi Stakeholder ◽  
Key Aspects

Narrowing the food supply-demand gaps between urban and rural areas within a regional space has today become a serious challenge due to the growing urban population. Resultantly, urban markets are increasingly being dominated by industrial food chains, despite their negative socio-environmental impacts. To address this issue, this paper discusses the need and significance of ‘Collaborative Food Alliances’ (CFAs), which promote the direct supply of food products from rural farmers to urban residents through improved producer–consumer relationships. Based on the literature survey, this study underlines that the current CFAs are confronted with several challenges including the small scale of functioning and limited financing. While the current research on CFAs is focused on theoretical place-based studies, this paper argues that institutionalization of CFAs at a large scale is highly important for enhancing food security in urban areas. It mainly deliberates on two key aspects: (a) The process of institutionalizing CFAs and (b) A feasible financing mechanism to support CFAs. This paper emphasizes that urban local governments have a central role to play in institutionalizing CFAs, either as a lead agency or as a facilitator. It concludes with specific suggestions on three key determinants of multi-stakeholder engagement, financial constraints and policy coordination at a regional level.

scholarly journals Understanding the Diversity of Urban–Rural Fringe Development in a Fast Urbanizing Region of China

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 2373
Author(s):  
Guoyu Li ◽  
Yu CAO ◽  
Zhichao He ◽  
Ju He ◽  
Yu Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Yangtze River Delta ◽  
Change Processes ◽  
Development Patterns ◽  
Developing Cities ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
The Yangtze River Delta

The territories between urban and rural areas, also called urban–rural fringe, commonly present inherent instability and notable heterogeneity. However, investigating the multifaceted urban–rural fringe phenomenon based on large-scale identification has yet to be undertaken. In this study, we adopted a handy clustering-based method by incorporating multidimensional urbanization indicators to understand how the urban–rural fringe development vary across space and shift over time in the Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomeration, China. The results show that (1) the growth magnitude of urban–rural fringe areas was greater than urban areas, whereas their growth rate was remarkably lower. (2) The landscape dynamics of urban–rural fringe varied markedly between fast-developing and slow-developing cities. Peripheral sprawl, inter-urban bridge, and isolated growth were the representative development patterns of urban–rural fringe in this case. (3) Urban–rural fringe development has predominantly occurred where cultivated land is available, and significant inter-provincial differences and tendency shifts have been found in the land cover change processes therein. Our findings indicate that the urban–rural fringe development should be considered as a stage-dependent and place-specific process. This work extends previous knowledge by unraveling the diversity of urban–rural fringe in a fast urbanizing region, and can provide insights into reorienting the spatial planning and land use management within the urban–rural interface.

scholarly journals Potential and Scenarios of Variants of Thermo-Modernization of Single-Family Houses: An Example of the Lubuskie Voivodeship

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 191
Author(s):  
Maciej Dzikuć ◽  
Arkadiusz Piwowar ◽  
Szymon Szufa ◽  
Janusz Adamczyk ◽  
Maria Dzikuć
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Social Dimension ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Economic Support ◽  
Low Emission ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

The excessive air pollution in the Lubuskie Voivodeship and throughout Poland is a very serious problem. One of the main causes of poor air quality is low emission, which arises at a short distance from the ground (up to 40 m). The real reduction of low emission requires a series of measures. The most important of them, include replacement of non-ecological boilers heating single-family buildings, improvement of thermal insulation of outer building walls, development of public transport, limiting the movement of old, non-ecological cars, conducting extensive educational activities, economic support for the poorest families in pro-ecological activities, and development of district heating in urban areas. The issue of thermal modernization is also important from the point of view of ensuring an appropriate level of energy security in the social dimension. The article presents a scenario analysis of activities aimed at reducing low emission through economic support for thermal modernization of single-family houses in the Lubuskie Voivodeship in Poland. The results of the conducted research prove that it is possible to carry out thermal modernization of over 12% of all single-family buildings in the Lubuskie voivodeship, assuming that the co-financing would amount to 60% of the costs of such an investment. The analyses carried out in the article are closely related to low carbon development, and a significant part of emission of harmful substances into the air comes from heating single-family buildings in urban and rural areas.

Reflections on Paradigm Shift in Urban System Reconstruction

2019 ◽  
Vol 07 (02) ◽  
pp. 1950004
Author(s):  
Jiahua PAN
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Urban System ◽  
City Size ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Ecological Civilization ◽  
Urban Hierarchy ◽  
Industrial Civilization ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Natural Productivity

In the era of agricultural civilization, the city size and layout adapted to nature and natural productivity; while in the era of industrial civilization, the constraints of natural productivity were broken by technological means, and the increasing returns to scale have enabled the urban population size to exceed 10 million and the urban population density to exceed 10,000 people/km2. Under the paradigm of industrial civilization, the spatial agglomeration of resources is driven by economic rationality. Besides, China’s urban hierarchy has become a barrier and further strengthened the polarization trend of city size, resulting in an urban system in which the cities at higher administrative levels concentrate a lot of resources while suffering from prominent urban diseases, small- and medium-sized cities lack development vitality, and urban and rural areas are separated from each other. The historical experience that the flow of resource factors between urban and rural areas facilitates a relatively balanced spatial distribution of quality resources is worth learning. Under the paradigm of ecological civilization, it is important to harmonize humans with nature in the transformation and reconstruction by pursuing nature-based solutions, and build a low-carbon, resilient, and coordinated urban system.

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