scholarly journals The Role of Acoustics in the Conservation of the Ivory-Billed Woodpecker (Campephilus principalis)

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael D. Collins
Keyword(s):  
Harmonic Oscillator ◽  
Alarm Call ◽  
Conclusive Evidence ◽  
The Body ◽  
Periodic Forcing ◽  
The Past ◽  
Audio Recordings ◽  
Harmonic Oscillator Model ◽  
Horizontal Array

The Ivory-billed Woodpecker (Campephilus principalis) is an iconic species that has survived in barely detectable numbers for the past 100 years, during which it has been feared extinct only to be rediscovered several times. The most recent rediscovery was announced in an article that was featured on the cover of Science in 2005. The persistence of the Ivory-billed Woodpecker became controversial when ornithologists were unable to obtain a clear photo for documenting this ultra-elusive bird during multi-year searches at sites in Arkansas and Florida, where they had several sightings and were convinced these birds were present. Audio recordings of ‘kent’ calls and double knocks were obtained at both sites, but such recordings are not regarded as conclusive evidence of persistence. A debate on this issue that took place in Science and Nature focused on relatively weak video evidence obtained in Arkansas but excluded three videos obtained in Louisiana and Florida that show flights, field marks, and other behaviors and characteristics that are consistent with the Ivory-billed Woodpecker but no other species of the region. Kent calls were recorded in the 1930s, when other types of vocalizations were observed but not recorded, including a high-pitched alarm call. On two occasions in Louisiana, high-pitched calls were observed coming from the direction of an alarmed Ivory-billed Woodpecker, and several of them were recorded. The spectrograms of the high-pitched calls and all other known and putative vocalizations of the Ivory-billed Woodpecker consist of simultaneously excited harmonics. A harmonic oscillator model has been used to draw a connection between the drumming that is typical of most woodpeckers and the double knocks of the Ivory-billed Woodpecker and other Campephilus woodpeckers. Drumming corresponds to periodic forcing; double knocks correspond to impulsive forcing, and a single thrust of the body is sufficient to produce two impacts of the bill in rapid succession. The audio recordings from Arkansas and Florida were obtained with single microphones. A horizontal array of microphones would make it possible to detect weaker sounds and determine the directions of sources. This approach has the potential to lead to the discovery of a nest, and it might be more effective if the array is placed above the treetops, where sounds might propagate to longer ranges.

Receptions of the Past: Commemoration, Racism, Desire

Somatechnics ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 288-303
Author(s):  
Michael Connors Jackman
Keyword(s):  
Critical Point ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
White Privilege ◽  
Body Politic ◽  
The Body ◽  
Race And Racism ◽  
Lesbian And Gay ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of

This article investigates the ways in which the work of The Body Politic (TBP), the first major lesbian and gay newspaper in Canada, comes to be commemorated in queer publics and how it figures in the memories of those who were involved in producing the paper. In revisiting a critical point in the history of TBP from 1985 when controversy erupted over race and racism within the editorial collective, this discussion considers the role of memory in the reproduction of whiteness and in the rupture of standard narratives about the past. As the controversy continues to haunt contemporary queer activism in Canada, the productive work of memory must be considered an essential aspect of how, when and for what reasons the work of TBP comes to be commemorated. By revisiting the events of 1985 and by sifting through interviews with individuals who contributed to the work of TBP, this article complicates the narrative of TBP as a bluntly racist endeavour whilst questioning the white privilege and racially-charged demands that undergird its commemoration. The work of producing and preserving queer history is a vital means of challenging the intentional and strategic erasure of queer existence, but those who engage in such efforts must remain attentive to the unequal terrain of social relations within which remembering forms its objects.

Tourism and protected areas: Comparing the 2003 and 2014 IUCN World Parks Congress

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Spenceley
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Sustainable Tourism ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cutting Edge ◽  
International Union ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
Official Records

The International Union for the Conservation of Nature World Parks Congress is held once a decade, and brings together thousands of the world’s experts on protected areas. In 2014, the Sydney World Parks Congress and the parallel event, Global Eco, provided a platform for 125 presentations relating to tourism and visitation. This paper presents a synthesis of the body of work shared at Sydney, including some of the cutting-edge issues, best practices, and inspiring initiatives relating to sustainable tourism. In particular, it compares issues that were highlighted at the 2003 World Parks Congress, and how they have evolved and progressed over the past decade. The paper highlights the role of different stakeholders from different corners of the world in promoting sustainable tourism practices. It also considers the relevance of tourism to the themes of the World Parks Congress, and how the sector is reflected within the official records of the 2003 and 2014 World Parks Congress. Looking forward to the next 10 years, the paper reflects on specific challenges, gaps in knowledge, and areas for further research and outreach.

scholarly journals Thyroid Hormone Plays an Important Role in Cardiac Function: From Bench to Bedside

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroyuki Yamakawa ◽  
Tomoko S. Kato ◽  
Jaeduk Yoshimura Noh ◽  
Shinsuke Yuasa ◽  
Akio Kawamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Cardiac Function ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Antiarrhythmic Agent ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Cardiac Contractility ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Past ◽  
Systolic And Diastolic Function

Thyroid hormones (THs) are synthesized in the thyroid gland, and they circulate in the blood to regulate cells, tissues, and organs in the body. In particular, they exert several effects on the cardiovascular system. It is well known that THs raise the heart rate and cardiac contractility, improve the systolic and diastolic function of the heart, and decrease systemic vascular resistance. In the past 30 years, some researchers have studied the molecular pathways that mediate the role of TH in the cardiovascular system, to better understand its mechanisms of action. Two types of mechanisms, which are genomic and non-genomic pathways, underlie the effects of THs on cardiomyocytes. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of the action of THs in the cardiac function, the clinical manifestation and parameters of their hemodynamics, and treatment principles for patients with hyperthyroid- or hypothyroid-associated heart disease. We also describe the cardiovascular drugs that induce thyroid dysfunction and explain the mechanism underlying the thyroid toxicity of amiodarone, which is considered the most effective antiarrhythmic agent. Finally, we discuss the recent reports on the involvement of thyroid hormones in the regulation of myocardial regeneration and metabolism in the adult heart.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF THE INTERACTIVE NOVEL IN MAKING THE DISCOURSE ON TOURISM

2021 ◽  
Vol 03 (06) ◽  
pp. 116-128
Author(s):  
Rima BEREGRAG ◽  
Khedidja DJELILI
Keyword(s):  
Travel Literature ◽  
The Body ◽  
Marginal Product ◽  
Future Time ◽  
Digital Text ◽  
The Past ◽  
Persuasive Power ◽  
Foreign Presence ◽  
Interactive Text

Travel literature is one of the narratives that the Arabs knew in the past, as it is a historical, geographic and visionary representation of others. The trip works on education. This is what the interactive text Ibn Battuta’s Journey to Dubai Al-Mahrousa by Muhammad Snagleh evokes in intertextuality with Ibn Battuta’s Journey, a Masterpiece of Overseers in the Oddities of the Regions and the Wonders of Travel by Ibn Battuta. If the latter travelled around the countries, the interactive text goes towards anticipating the future time in 2051, to read about the economic and political aspects in Dubai only. This research paper seeks to present a reading that combines the aesthetics of the interactive text with the tourist discourse. To what extent does interactive creativity contribute to the development of tourism? What are the possibilities offered by the blue screen for developing ancient narratives according to a modernist perspective? As for the curriculum, it is the systemic approach and interactive criticism. As so, the research is divided into two sections: 1 - The journey from paper to digital: Snagleh’s digital text consists of three units: the body text and its hyperlinks of a video, including images and sounds, and a pure interactive text for the reader's creativity and interactive participation in a two-track virtual journey. These are either directed to Ibn Battuta himself as a story and paper character, or send to the author of flesh and blood (i.e: Snagleh), editing the experience of the trip to Dubai or writing a comment or opinion. This is one of the suggested images of the interaction between the recipient and the text. 2. The Unsaid in the Discourse on Tourism: Snagleh diversified between spaces by highlighting its merits, and facilitating the means of transportation by air, sea and land. These options increase the persuasive power, and although Dubai is the glass civilization, Snagleh dazzles by showing the cultural coexistence between nationalities. However, he did not realize the overwhelming foreign presence among the natives. Thus, Snagleh’s novel can be counted as a cultural text, the implications of which can be read. Snagleh didn’t use Ibn Battuta as a paper figure as in Barthes’ terms, but as a sufficience. It is a strategic tourist guide, promoting Gulf tourism in Dubai by attracting the recipient with paintings and icons. Hence, literature is no longer a marginal product, but rather an economic industry that moves the wheel of sustainable development and increases its civilization incomes.

scholarly journals An Updated Mini Review of Vitamin D and Obesity: Adipogenesis and Inflammation State

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 526-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zujaja-Tul-Noor Hamid Mehmood ◽  
Dimitrios Papandreou
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Hypovitaminosis D ◽  
The Body ◽  
Positive Energy ◽  
Vitamin D Receptors ◽  
The Past ◽  
Positive Energy Balance ◽  
Relationship Of

Vitamin D related research continues to expand and theorise regarding its involvement in obesity, as both hypovitaminosis D and obesity strike in pandemic proportions. Vitamin D plays an important role in immune system through Vitamin D Receptors (VDR), which are transcription factors located abundantly in the body. Due to this characteristic, it is potentially linked to obesity, which is a state of inflammation involving the release of cytokines from adipose tissue, and exerting stress on other organs in a state of positive energy balance. Research trials in the past couple of years and systematic reviews from SCOPUS and MEDLINE will be discussed. The role of Vitamin D throughout the lifespan (from fetal imprinting until older age), and in various other obesity mediated chronic conditions shall be highlighted. Various mechanisms attributed to the inverse relationship of Vitamin D and obesity are discussed with research gaps identified, particularly the role of adipokines, epigenetics, calcium and type of adipose tissue.

Etiologic Factors in Obesity and Leanness

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1958 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 760-760
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Influences ◽  
Juvenile Diabetes ◽  
The Body ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Obese Person ◽  
Juvenile Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
The Past ◽  
Metabolic Systems ◽  
Metabolic Reactions

In recent years the literature placed before the pediatric audience has belabored the role of psychogenic factors in the causation of obesity. This stimulating essay shows promise that this spell is to be broken. In the past the obese person has been pictured as an individual who is the victim of a disordered personality. Insufficient attention has been given to inherent difficulties in the metabolic systems which govern exchange of energy in the body. This paper challenges the concept that obesity is generally due simply to overeating. A review is given of possible variations in efficiency of phosphorylation; aerobiosis versus anaerobiosis; variations in energy utilization and variations in lipogenesis, any of which may be attributes of the person prone to obesity or leanness. It is emphasized that the maintenance of an optimal body weight by an individual is the result of the algebraic sum of 1) hereditary traits affecting metabolic reactions and 2) the environmental and cultural influences, which may act in conjunction with the former to predispose to either obesity or leanness. One may conjecture that we shall ultimately come to view the simple restriction of intake to be as ruthless a therapy for the obese as we have discovered the simple restriction of carbohydrate to be ridiculous as a treatment for juvenile diabetes mellitus.

History Writing and Agency in the Scottish Highlands: Postcolonial Thought, the Work of James Macpherson (1736–1796) and Researching the Region's Past with Local Communities

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-138
Author(s):  
Jim MacPherson
Keyword(s):  
Local Communities ◽  
The Body ◽  
Frantz Fanon ◽  
History Writing ◽  
Alternative Futures ◽  
Scottish Highlands ◽  
The Past ◽  
James Macpherson ◽  
The University

This article argues that postcolonial thought can be used as a tool for thinking about the present in the Scottish Highlands. Taking a case study of collaborative inquiry between local communities, High Life Highland (the body responsible for cultural services in the region) and the University of the Highlands and Islands into the work and legacies of the poet and historian James Macpherson (1736–1796), it examines the way in which the approach and ideas of postcolonialism can be used to better understand the past and critically engage communities in exploring their history. Building upon the work of James Hunter and his pioneering interpretation of Highland history through the work of Frantz Fanon and Edward Said, this article considers how postcolonialism can have intellectual solidarity with histories of the region, especially when we consider the role of the Highlands in processes of colonisation and imperialism. Through this comparative analysis, it demonstrates that using the past as a resource in the present enables communities to change the ways in which their history is presented and to imagine alternative futures.

The Idea of Corporate Transitional Justice: Paths to Corporate Criminology in Brazil

2021 ◽  
pp. 073401682110380
Author(s):  
Eduardo Saad-Diniz
Keyword(s):  
Transitional Justice ◽  
Authoritarian Regimes ◽  
Military Regime ◽  
The Body ◽  
Corporate Accountability ◽  
The Past ◽  
Criminological Research ◽  
The Military ◽  
Justice Studies

The essay aims to exam corporate complicity with authoritarian regimes of the past and contemporary practices for the purposes of developing the body of corporate criminology. The opening of Brazilian criminological research to the role of companies during the military regime shines new lights on corporate accountability and may, when investigating the corporate complicity with authoritarian dynamics, also open new avenues for the transitional justice studies. Especially with regard to the idea of Corporate Transitional Justice, it assumes the need for broader debates about the historical continuum and different forms of business contributions and aspects of harming and victimizing in the corporate field.

The Role of Vitamin D in Human Health: A Paradigm Shift

2011 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan M. Lappe
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Scientific Discovery ◽  
The Body ◽  
Vitamin D Receptors ◽  
The Past ◽  
New Information ◽  
Optimal Functioning ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Vitamin D deficiency is pandemic, spanning many continents and including all ages, genders and racial/ethnic groups. Currently, world-wide attention is focused on the importance of vitamin D in optimizing health and preventing disease. This focus is largely the result of the scientific discovery that vitamin D receptors are present in nearly every tissue and cell in the body and that adequate vitamin D status is essential for optimal functioning of these tissues and cells. An impressive body of research has accumulated over the past two decades providing new information about the role of vitamin D in prevention of a broad range of diseases. The purpose of this paper is to provide a review of this new information.

scholarly journals Role of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Regenerative Therapy

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
Jayavardini Vasanthan ◽  
Narasimman Gurusamy ◽  
Sheeja Rajasingh ◽  
Vinoth Sigamani ◽  
Shivaani Kirankumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Past ◽  
Multipotent Cells ◽  
Mitochondrial Transfer ◽  
Quality Control Parameters

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells which can proliferate and replace dead cells in the body. MSCs also secrete immunomodulatory molecules, creating a regenerative microenvironment that has an excellent potential for tissue regeneration. MSCs can be easily isolated and grown in vitro for various applications. For the past two decades, MSCs have been used in research, and many assays and tests have been developed proving that MSCs are an excellent cell source for therapy. This review focusses on quality control parameters required for applications of MSCs including colony formation, surface markers, differentiation potentials, and telomere length. Further, the specific mechanisms of action of MSCs under various conditions such as trans-differentiation, cell fusion, mitochondrial transfer, and secretion of extracellular vesicles are discussed. This review aims to underline the applications and benefits of MSCs in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering.

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