3D-Printing Hands that Feel

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 10-16
Author(s):  
Aadeel Akhtar
Keyword(s):  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Vascular Diseases ◽  
World Health ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Traumatic Injuries ◽  
Six Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Prosthetic Hands ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Lowered Body

Amputation is always a devastating experience. In addition to the loss of function or sensation, the lowered body image leaves deeper emotional impacts on the victims and their loved ones. For various reasons, traumatic injuries and vascular diseases like diabetes [4] are common for particularly upper limb loss. According to the World Health Organization, there are more than 10 million people with hand amputations worldwide, 80% of whom are in developing countries. Unfortunately, only less than 3% have access to affordable prostheses [1-3]. Over the past few decades, there have been major advances in commercial prosthetic hands, enabling control over six degrees of freedom (flexion/extension in all five digits and thumb rotation).

scholarly journals Distinct Expression Patterns of Carbonic Anhydrase IX in Clear Cell, Microcystic, and Angiomatous Meningiomas

2019 ◽  
Vol 78 (12) ◽  
pp. 1081-1088
Author(s):  
Rati Chkheidze ◽  
Patrick J Cimino ◽  
Kimmo J Hatanpaa ◽  
Charles L White ◽  
Manuel Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbonic Anhydrase ◽  
Clear Cell ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Carbonic Anhydrase Ix ◽  
World Health ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Ca Ix ◽  
Hypoxia Marker ◽  
Other World ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract Clear cell, microcytic, and angiomatous meningiomas are 3 vasculature-rich variants with overlapping morphological features but different prognostic and treatment implications. Distinction between them is not always straightforward. We compared the expression patterns of the hypoxia marker carbonic anhydrase IX (CA-IX) in meningiomas with predominant clear cell (n = 15), microcystic (n = 9), or angiomatous (n = 11) morphologies, as well as 117 cases of other World Health Organization recognized histological meningioma variants. Immunostaining for SMARCE1 protein, whose loss-of-function has been associated with clear cell meningiomas, was performed on all clear cell meningiomas, and selected variants of meningiomas as controls. All clear cell meningiomas showed absence of CA-IX expression and loss of nuclear SMARCE1 expression. All microcystic and angiomatous meningiomas showed diffuse CA-IX immunoreactivity and retained nuclear SMARCE1 expression. In other meningioma variants, CA-IX was expressed in a hypoxia-restricted pattern and was highly associated with atypical features such as necrosis, small cell change, and focal clear cell change. In conclusion, CA-IX may serve as a useful diagnostic marker in differentiating clear cell, microcystic, and angiomatous meningiomas.

scholarly journals Molecular switch from MYC to MYCN expression in MYC protein negative Burkitt lymphoma cases

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucia Mundo ◽  
Maria Raffaella Ambrosio ◽  
Francesco Raimondi ◽  
Leonardo Del Porro ◽  
Raffaella Guazzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Expression ◽  
Burkitt Lymphoma ◽  
Human Cancer ◽  
Large Family ◽  
World Health ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Interaction Interface ◽  
Mrna And Protein Expression ◽  
Bona Fide ◽  
Health Organization

AbstractMYC is the most altered oncogene in human cancer, and belongs to a large family of genes, including MYCN and MYCL. Recently, while assessing the degree of correlation between MYC gene rearrangement and MYC protein expression in aggressive B-cell lymphomas, we observed few Burkitt lymphoma (BL) cases lacking MYC protein expression despite the translocation involving the MYC gene. Therefore, in the present study we aimed to better characterize such cases. Our results identified two sub-groups of MYC protein negative BL: one lacking detectable MYC protein expression but presenting MYCN mRNA and protein expression; the second characterized by the lack of both MYC and MYCN proteins but showing MYC mRNA. Interestingly, the two sub-groups presented a different pattern of SNVs affecting MYC gene family members that may induce the switch from MYC to MYCN. Particulary, MYCN-expressing cases show MYCN SNVs at interaction interface that stabilize the protein associated with loss-of-function of MYC. This finding highlights MYCN as a reliable diagnostic marker in such cases. Nevertheless, due to the overlapping clinic, morphology and immunohistochemistry (apart for MYC versus MYCN protein expression) of both sub-groups, the described cases represent bona fide BL according to the current criteria of the World Health Organization.

Validation of a Novel 3D-Printed Instrumented Spatial Linkage That Measures Changes in the Rotational Axes of the Tibiofemoral Joint

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel P. Bonny ◽  
S. M. Howell ◽  
M. L. Hull
Keyword(s):  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Rigid Bodies ◽  
Anatomic Landmarks ◽  
Tibiofemoral Joint ◽  
Six Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Revolute Joints ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Total Knee ◽  
Position And Orientation

The two kinematic axes of the tibiofemoral joint, the flexion-extension (F-E) and longitudinal rotation (LR) axes [1], are unrelated to the anatomic landmarks often used to align prostheses during total knee arthroplasty (TKA) [1, 2]. As a result, conventional TKA changes the position and orientation of the joint line, thus changing the position and orientation of the F-E and LR axes and consequently the kinematics of the knee. However, the extent to which TKA changes these axes is unknown. An instrument that can measure the locations of and any changes to these axes is an instrumented spatial linkage (ISL), a series of six instrumented revolute joints that can measure the six degrees of freedom of motion (DOF) between two rigid bodies without constraining motion. Previously, we computationally determined how best to design and use an ISL such that rotational and translational errors in locating the F-E and LR axes were minimized [3]. However, this ISL was not constructed and therefore its ability to measure changes in the axes has not been validated. Therefore the objective was to construct the ISL and quantify the errors in measuring changes in position and orientation of the F-E axis.

scholarly journals Suppression of p53-inducible gene 3 is significant for glioblastoma progression and predicts poor patient prognosis

Tumor Biology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 101042831769457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jishu Quan ◽  
Yong Li ◽  
Meihua Jin ◽  
Dunfu Chen ◽  
Xuezhe Yin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cox Regression ◽  
Good Prognosis ◽  
World Health ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Cox Regression Analysis ◽  
Normal Tissues ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Proliferation And Invasion ◽  
Inducible Gene

Glioblastoma is the most malignant and invasive brain tumor with extremely poor prognosis. p53-inducible gene 3, a downstream molecule of the tumor suppressor p53, has been found involved in apoptosis and oxidative stress response. However, the functions of p53-inducible gene 3(PIG3) in cancer are far from clear including glioblastoma. In this study, we found that p53-inducible gene 3 expression was suppressed in glioblastoma tissues compared with normal tissues. And the expression of p53-inducible gene 3 was significantly associated with the World Health Organization grade. Patients with high p53-inducible gene 3 expression have a significantly longer median survival time (15 months) than those with low p53-inducible gene 3 expression (8 months). According to Cox regression analysis, p53-inducible gene 3 was an independent prognostic factor with multivariate hazard ratio of 0.578 (95% confidence interval, 0.352–0.947; p = 0.030) for overall survival. Additionally, gain and loss of function experiments showed that knockdown of p53-inducible gene 3 significantly increased the proliferation and invasion ability of glioblastoma cells while overexpression of p53-inducible gene 3 inhibited the proliferation and invasion ability. The results of in vivo glioblastoma models further confirmed that p53-inducible gene 3 suppression promoted glioblastoma progression. Altogether, our data suggest that high expression of p53-inducible gene 3 is significant for glioblastoma inhibition and p53-inducible gene 3 independently indicates good prognosis in patients, which might be a novel prognostic biomarker or potential therapeutic target in glioblastoma.

scholarly journals An Adaptable Prosthetic Wrist Reduces Subjective Workload

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathaniel R. Olsen ◽  
Jacob A. George ◽  
Mark R. Brinton ◽  
Michael D. Paskett ◽  
David T. Kluger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Task Completion ◽  
Task Load ◽  
Prosthetic Hands ◽  
Subjective Workload ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
Nasa Task Load Index ◽  
The Impact

AbstractMany presently available prostheses lack a functional wrist. To fill this niche and to better understand the impact a wrist has in prosthetic functionality, we designed a low-cost, adaptable, 3D-printable prosthetic wrist that can be adapted to various prosthetic hands and sockets. The wrist utilizes inexpensive but powerful servo motors to provide simultaneous and proportional control of two degrees of freedom: pronation/supination and flexion/extension or radial/ulnar deviation. Participants used both our wrist and a commercially available wrist (DEKA “LUKE” Arm) to complete a modified version of the clothespin relocation task with and without the wrists enabled. Through use of the NASA Task Load Index we found that both wrists significantly reduced the subjective workload associated with clothespin relocation task (p < 0.05). However, we found no significant difference in task completion speed, presumably due to compensation strategies. This inexpensive and adaptable prosthetic wrist can be used by amputees to reduce task workload, or by researchers to further explore the importance of wrist function.

scholarly journals Risk based Intervention Capabilities of Health challenges in Kenya a Case of Chikungunya and Dengu fever

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 5095-5102
Author(s):  
Emma Anyika Shileche
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Vascular Diseases ◽  
World Health ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Large Populations ◽  
Cardio Vascular ◽  
Health Organization

The Basic definition of risk is that it is a measure or a postulation of how variables deviate from the normal. Several phenomenon experience risks but many of them do not have a great effect on the human life. Health risks are those that would affect the health of human life directly and in particular they are hazardous since a lot of them tend to spread through large populations within a short period of time and are costly to eliminate thus the need to determine them early and mitigate them before they occur and have both a negative social and economic impact on the society The development of a country is hinged on its human resource. A healthy and vibrant human population will favor high productivity and efficient service provision since they perform their duties and responsibility at full capacity. Indeed a region ravaged by disease has its populous fatigued by diseases or taking care of the infected. The World Health Organization (WHO) in its report of March 2016 estimated that 12.6 million people died in 2012 as a result of living or working near unhealthy places nearly 1 in 4 of total global deaths, according to new estimates from W.H.O. Environmental risk factors, such as air, water and soil pollution, chemical exposures, climate change, and ultraviolet radiation, contribute to more than 100 diseases and injuries. Health risk assessment (HRA) usually includes checking blood sugar, cholesterol and blood pressure as well as weight status and waist circumference to help individuals to understand their risk for Cardio vascular Diseases (CVD). It is extremely important to know these crucial numbers because some of them are considered “silent killers” such as high blood pressure and cholesterol, where there are rarely any symptoms to warn you that it is high. All adults should therefore have this health check done once a year or more often if recommended by a doctor.

scholarly journals Experimental Analysis of Fabricated Synthetic Midthoracic Paediatric Spine as Compared to the Porcine Spine Based on Range of Motion (ROM)

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Nor Amalina Muhayudin ◽  
Khairul Salleh Basaruddin ◽  
Ruslizam Daud ◽  
Fiona McEvoy ◽  
Tansey
Keyword(s):  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Axial Rotation ◽  
Lateral Bending ◽  
Main Interest ◽  
Biological Specimen ◽  
Six Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Elastic Zone ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
Biomechanical Tests

The present study is aimed at investigating the mechanical behaviour of fabricated synthetic midthoracic paediatric spine based on range of motion (ROM) as compared to porcine spine as the biological specimen. The main interest was to ensure that the fabricated synthetic model could mimic the biological specimen behaviour. The synthetic paediatric spine was designed as a 200% scaled-up model to fit into the Bionix Servohydraulic spine simulator. Biomechanical tests were conducted to measure the ROM and nonlinearity of sigmoidal curves at six degrees of freedom (DOF) with moments at ±4 Nm before the specimens failed. Results were compared with the porcine spine (biological specimen). The differences found between the lateral bending and axial rotation of synthetic paediatric spine as compared to the porcine spine were 18% and 3%, respectively, but was still within the range. Flexion extension of the synthetic spine is a bit stiff in comparison of porcine spine with 45% different. The ROM curves of the synthetic paediatric spine exhibited nonlinearities for all motions as the measurements of neutral zone (NZ) and elastic zone (EZ) stiffness were below “1.” Therefore, it showed that the proposed synthetic paediatric spine behaved similarly to the biological specimen, particularly on ROM.

scholarly journals The Patent Fact about Alcohol and Getting Stroke: A Case Control Study

Healthline ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 28-32
Author(s):  
Kuntalkumar H Patel ◽  
Shreyashkumar Gandhi ◽  
Dhruti Vaidya
Keyword(s):  
Case Control Study ◽  
Sample Size Calculation ◽  
Vascular Diseases ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Case Control ◽  
World Health ◽  
Heart Attacks ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Control Study

Introduction: Globally 17.9 million people die each year from CVDs (Cardio Vascular Diseases) and 85% of all CVD deaths are due to heart attacks and strokes. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), 15 million people worldwide suffer from stroke every year and after ischemic heart disease, stroke is the second most leading cause of death. Objective: To study alcohol consumption as a risk factor in patients with acute strokes. Method: Case control study was conducted among 148 newly diagnosed cases of CT scan / MRI-confirmed stroke and 148 non-stroke controls attending the tertiary hospital of central Gujarat. Sample size calculation was done, assuming the power ratio of the number of controls same as numbers of cases i.e.,1:1, specifying values for two-sided confidence level=95% (error=5%), power of study=80%, odd ratio=2.15, percent of cases with exposure=82% and percent of controls with exposure=68%. Patients who are willing to participate in the study were included. The data were analyzed using the EPI INFO TM 7.0.8.0 software. Results: Out of the total 148 cases, 100 (67.56 per cent) were male and 48 (32.43 per cent) were female. The odds of getting stroke among alcoholic was two times more as compared to non-alcoholic patients. Heavy alcohol drinkers have a significant association. Conclusion: According to the study results male married patients who drank heavily had a higher risk of stroke than light/moderate alcoholics.

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