scholarly journals Are Those Steps Worth Your Privacy?

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-41
Author(s):  
Lev Velykoivanenko ◽  
Kavous Salehzadeh Niksirat ◽  
Noé Zufferey ◽  
Mathias Humbert ◽  
Kévin Huguenin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Heart Rate Data ◽  
Privacy Threats ◽  
Physiological Information ◽  
Fitness Tracking ◽  
Fitness Tracker ◽  
Types Of Information ◽  
Privacy Risks ◽  
Fitness Trackers ◽  
Temporal Granularity

Fitness trackers are increasingly popular. The data they collect provides substantial benefits to their users, but it also creates privacy risks. In this work, we investigate how fitness-tracker users perceive the utility of the features they provide and the associated privacy-inference risks. We conduct a longitudinal study composed of a four-month period of fitness-tracker use (N = 227), followed by an online survey (N = 227) and interviews (N = 19). We assess the users' knowledge of concrete privacy threats that fitness-tracker users are exposed to (as demonstrated by previous work), possible privacy-preserving actions users can take, and perceptions of utility of the features provided by the fitness trackers. We study the potential for data minimization and the users' mental models of how the fitness tracking ecosystem works. Our findings show that the participants are aware that some types of information might be inferred from the data collected by the fitness trackers. For instance, the participants correctly guessed that sexual activity could be inferred from heart-rate data. However, the participants did not realize that also the non-physiological information could be inferred from the data. Our findings demonstrate a high potential for data minimization, either by processing data locally or by decreasing the temporal granularity of the data sent to the service provider. Furthermore, we identify the participants' lack of understanding and common misconceptions about how the Fitbit ecosystem works.

scholarly journals Preventative Nudges: Introducing Risk Cues for Supporting Online Self-Disclosure Decisions

Information ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolás E. Díaz Ferreyra ◽  
Tobias Kroll ◽  
Esma Aïmeur ◽  
Stefan Stieglitz ◽  
Maritta Heisel
Keyword(s):  
Private Information ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Self Disclosure ◽  
Perceived Severity ◽  
Perceptions Of Risk ◽  
Privacy Threats ◽  
Individual Privacy ◽  
Disclosure Decisions ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Privacy Risks

Like in the real world, perceptions of risk can influence the behavior and decisions that people make in online platforms. Users of Social Network Sites (SNSs) like Facebook make continuous decisions about their privacy since these are spaces designed to share private information with large and diverse audiences. In particular, deciding whether or not to disclose such information will depend largely on each individual’s ability to assess the corresponding privacy risks. However, SNSs often lack awareness instruments that inform users about the consequences of unrestrained self-disclosure practices. Such an absence of risk information can lead to poor assessments and, consequently, undermine users’ privacy behavior. This work elaborates on the use of risk scenarios as a strategy for promoting safer privacy decisions in SNSs. In particular, we investigate, through an online survey, the effects of communicating those risks associated with online self-disclosure. Furthermore, we analyze the users’ perceived severity of privacy threats and its importance for the definition of personalized risk awareness mechanisms. Based on our findings, we introduce the design of preventative nudges as an approach for providing individual privacy support and guidance in SNSs.

scholarly journals Gamified Wearable Fitness Tracker for Physical Activity: A Comprehensive Literature Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 7017
Author(s):  
Inje Cho ◽  
Kyriaki Kaplanidou ◽  
Shintaro Sato
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Moderate Amount ◽  
Point Of Interest ◽  
Comprehensive Literature Review ◽  
Fitness Tracker ◽  
Fitness Trackers ◽  
Sustainable Health

Recently, gamified wearable fitness trackers have received greater attention and usage among sport consumers. Although a moderate amount of aerobic physical activity can significantly reduce the risk of many serious illnesses, physical inactivity issues are still prominent. Although wearable fitness trackers have the potential to contribute to physical activity engagement and sustainable health outcomes, there are dwindling engagement and discontinuance issues. Thus, examining its gamification elements and role in physical activity becomes critical. This study examined the gamification elements in wearable fitness trackers and their role in physical activity and sports engagement. A comprehensive literature review yielded 26 articles that empirically measured a variety of gamification features and the effect of the device on physical activity and sports engagement. The study suggests three key gamification themes: goal-based, social-based, and rewards-based gamification that can be a point of interest for future scholars and practitioners. Based on the review, we propose a conceptual framework that embraces motivational affordances and engagement in physical activity and sports.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Validity of Current Mainstream Wearable Devices in Fitness Tracking Under Various Physical Activities: Comparative Study (Preprint)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junqing Xie ◽  
Dong Wen ◽  
Lizhong Liang ◽  
Yuxi Jia ◽  
Li Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Measurement Accuracy ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Wearable Devices ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Fitness Tracking ◽  
Activity State ◽  
Fitness Trackers

BACKGROUND Wearable devices have attracted much attention from the market in recent years for their fitness monitoring and other health-related metrics; however, the accuracy of fitness tracking results still plays a major role in health promotion. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of a host of latest wearable devices in measuring fitness-related indicators under various seminatural activities. METHODS A total of 44 healthy subjects were recruited, and each subject was asked to simultaneously wear 6 devices (Apple Watch 2, Samsung Gear S3, Jawbone Up3, Fitbit Surge, Huawei Talk Band B3, and Xiaomi Mi Band 2) and 2 smartphone apps (Dongdong and Ledongli) to measure five major health indicators (heart rate, number of steps, distance, energy consumption, and sleep duration) under various activity states (resting, walking, running, cycling, and sleeping), which were then compared with the gold standard (manual measurements of the heart rate, number of steps, distance, and sleep, and energy consumption through oxygen consumption) and calculated to determine their respective mean absolute percentage errors (MAPEs). RESULTS Wearable devices had a rather high measurement accuracy with respect to heart rate, number of steps, distance, and sleep duration, with a MAPE of approximately 0.10, whereas poor measurement accuracy was observed for energy consumption (calories), indicated by a MAPE of up to 0.44. The measurements varied for the same indicator measured by different fitness trackers. The variation in measurement of the number of steps was the highest (Apple Watch 2: 0.42; Dongdong: 0.01), whereas it was the lowest for heart rate (Samsung Gear S3: 0.34; Xiaomi Mi Band 2: 0.12). Measurements differed insignificantly for the same indicator measured under different states of activity; the MAPE of distance and energy measurements were in the range of 0.08 to 0.17 and 0.41 to 0.48, respectively. Overall, the Samsung Gear S3 performed the best for the measurement of heart rate under the resting state (MAPE of 0.04), whereas Dongdong performed the best for the measurement of the number of steps under the walking state (MAPE of 0.01). Fitbit Surge performed the best for distance measurement under the cycling state (MAPE of 0.04), and Huawei Talk Band B3 performed the best for energy consumption measurement under the walking state (MAPE of 0.17). CONCLUSIONS At present, mainstream devices are able to reliably measure heart rate, number of steps, distance, and sleep duration, which can be used as effective health evaluation indicators, but the measurement accuracy of energy consumption is still inadequate. Fitness trackers of different brands vary with regard to measurement of indicators and are all affected by the activity state, which indicates that manufacturers of fitness trackers need to improve their algorithms for different activity states.

Wearables and Workload

2019 ◽  
pp. 145-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Schwartz ◽  
Paul Oppold ◽  
P. A. Hancock
Keyword(s):  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
Prior Experience ◽  
Wearable Devices ◽  
Fitness Tracker ◽  
Fitness Trackers

Prior research has reported that novelty affects the usage cycle of wearable devices. This chapter investigates the effects of sensation seeking, intensity, novelty, gender, and prior experience on the workload experienced during one aspect of using wearable fitness trackers, the device installation process. Contrary to the authors' hypotheses, prior experience, sensation seeking, intensity, and novelty did not significantly affect workload. The findings suggest that males tend to experience less workload during the setup of wearable fitness trackers; however, only for the Basis B1 and only for some aspects of workload. The claims made by prior research may be limited to specific aspects of the wearable fitness tracker use cycle, and more investigation is needed before broader claims can be made.

Reputation Management on Facebook: Awareness Is Key to Protecting Yourself, Your Practice, and the Veterinary Profession

2014 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 227-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia A. Weijs ◽  
Jason B. Coe ◽  
Amy Muise ◽  
Emily Christofides ◽  
Serge Desmarais
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Personal Information ◽  
Reputation Management ◽  
Veterinary Profession ◽  
General Trust ◽  
Raising Awareness ◽  
Personal Use ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Types Of Information ◽  
Mail Address

From the Social media use by health professionals occurs in a digital environment where etiquette has yet to be solidly defined. The objectives of this study were to explore veterinarians’ personal use of Facebook, knowledge of privacy settings, and factors related to sharing personal information online. All American Animal Hospital Association member veterinarians with a valid e-mail address (9469) were invited to complete an online survey about Facebook (e.g., time spent on Facebook, awareness of consequences, types of information posted). Questions assessing personality dimensions including trust, popularity, self-esteem and professional identity were included. The response rate was 17% (1594 of 9469); 72% of respondents (1148 of 1594) had a personal Facebook profile. Veterinarians were more likely to share information on Facebook than they would in general. Trust, need for popularity, and more time spent on Facebook predicted more disclosure of personal information on Facebook. Awareness of consequences and increased veterinary experience predicted lesser disclosure. As veterinary practices use Facebook to improve client services, they need also to manage risks associated with online disclosure by staff. Raising awareness of reputation management and consequences of posting certain types of information to Facebook is integral to protecting the individual, the practice, and the veterinary profession.

Forecasting New Features and Market Adoption of Wearable Devices Using TRIZ and Growth Curves: Case of Fitness Tracking Products

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (01) ◽  
pp. 1850009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sowmini Sengupta ◽  
Jisun Kim ◽  
Seong Dae Kim
Keyword(s):  
Current Literature ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
Wearable Devices ◽  
Bass Model ◽  
Primary Growth ◽  
Fitness Tracking ◽  
Fitness Trackers ◽  
Technology Growth ◽  
Technology Trends

This paper describes the application of a combination of TRIZ and Bass modeling to forecast the technology growth projections for one of the wearable devices, fitness trackers. For the TRIZ modeling, the fitness tracking system was divided into three subsystems and each was analyzed as per the technology trends from current literature. The subsystems’ combined assessment was then visualized via a radar plot. The analysis showed the technology to be in an emergent state with primary growth in the hardware and software subsystem areas. The Bass model showed the market peaking at eight and saturating in 15 years.

scholarly journals The Accuracy of Fitness Trackers Varies with Their Location on the Body (P16-019-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald Kotler ◽  
Christopher Wu ◽  
Kwame Thompson ◽  
Zachary Jenkins ◽  
Rafay Latif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Smartphone Application ◽  
Activity Monitor ◽  
The Body ◽  
Daily Step ◽  
Activity Monitors ◽  
Step Counts ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Fitness Tracker ◽  
Fitness Trackers

Abstract Objectives Advances in low cost physiologic monitoring devices have led to the possibility of making objective measures of physical activity in clinical practice. In a previous study, total daily step counts measured by a pedometer were lower than those obtained from a smartphone application, while exercise step counts were similar. It is uncertain which is the more accurate value for total daily steps. Most pedometers are worn on the torso while most fitness trackers are worn on the wrist. Overestimation of daily step counts by wrist-worn fitness trackers have been demonstrated by others. Specific aims: To estimate the precision of pedometer step counts measured during a 400 m walk. To compare daily step counts using a pedometer on the torso and fitness trackers worn on the wrist or on the torso. Methods Six subjects wore a pedometer (Omron Alvita HJ327T) and an activity monitor (Letscom Fitness Tracker ID130Plus ColorHR). Each subject wore the pedometer on the torso and two activity monitors for 3 days; both activity monitors on one wrist, one activity monitor on a wrist and the other on the torso (belt), and the reverse positions of the activity monitors. In addition, each subject completed a 400 m walk on two occasions and walked a total of 500 counted steps. Total and 400 m step counts for the pedometer and activity monitor and the test/retest results during the 400 m walk were compared by paired T test and inter-individual variations were compared by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results Pedometer-measured and counted steps differed by 1%. Test/retest pedometer step counts and times to completion for the 400 m walk both differed by 1.4%. Wrist-worn fitness trackers produced higher step counts than did the pedometers (18.6 + 0.18%, P < 0.002). Fitness trackers worn on the torso gave lower step counts than did the pedometer (−9.2 + 0.08%, P < 0.001). The inter-individual differences were not statistically significant for wrist or torso step counts. Conclusions A pedometer worn on the torso is a precise measure of step counts during a 400 m walk and accurate compared to counted steps. Wrist-worn fitness trackers overestimate total daily step counts, at least compared to a pedometer. The location of the fitness tracker on the body greatly influences its estimation of total daily step counts. Funding Sources Discretionary funds.

scholarly journals Digital inequalities and social media: experiences of young people in Chile

2017 ◽  
Vol 118 (7/8) ◽  
pp. 372-384
Author(s):  
Sarah McNicol ◽  
Karine Aillerie
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Young People ◽  
Information Seeking ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Ministry Of Education ◽  
School Students ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Related Information ◽  
Use Of Social Media ◽  
Types Of Information

Purpose This paper aims to report the findings from a survey of secondary school students in Chile by exploring their use of social networking services for information-seeking purposes. Design/methodology/approach An online survey was distributed via Chile’s Ministry of Education and 12,354 responses were received. Findings The results indicate that young people in Chile extensively use SNSs, but there are differences in the ways in which they use these services, specifically for information purposes. When considering school-related activities, there are differences in the use of SNSs by students in different types of schools. Those in academic-focussed institutions are more likely to use SNSs for school-related information purposes and are more likely to publish most types of information on SNSs than their counterparts in vocational schools. Research limitations/implications The sample was self-selecting and excluded students without online access to the survey. Practical implications The findings indicate more needs to be done in schools serving lower socio-economic communities to support students’ use of SNSs for information-seeking, especially for academic purposes. Social implications The findings suggest that school-associated social capital may have a role in shaping students’ use of SNSs for information and learning purposes and, potentially, in exacerbating digital inequalities. Originality/value The focus on the use of social media specifically for information-seeking distinguishes this research. The findings challenge possible assumptions about the links between social media use and social class and suggest that differences may be exacerbated by school practices.

scholarly journals You're hired: examining acceptance of social media screening of job applicants

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anatoliy Gruzd ◽  
Jenna Jacobson ◽  
Elizabeth Dubois
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Information Privacy ◽  
Job Applicants ◽  
Comfort Level ◽  
Hiring Practices ◽  
Related Information ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Prospective Employer ◽  
Types Of Information

The paper examines attitudes towards employers using social media to screen job applicants. In an online survey of 454 participants, we compare the comfort level with this practice in relation to different types of information that can be gathered from publicly accessible social media. The results revealed a nuanced nature of people’s information privacy expectations in the context of hiring practices. People’s perceptions of employers using social media to screen job applicants depends on (1) whether or not they are currently seeking employment (or plan to), (2) the type of information that is being accessed by a prospective employer (if there are on the job market), and (3) their cultural background, but not gender. The findings emphasize the need for employers and recruiters who are relying on social media to screen job applicants to be aware of the types of information that may be perceived to be more sensitive by applicants, such as social network-related information. Keywords : social media, information privacy, job screening, hiring practices

scholarly journals Scoping the Chinese American Librarians Association Services with a National Survey

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Jian Anna Xiong ◽  
Wenli Gao ◽  
Xiaocan Wang ◽  
Yan He ◽  
Lijun Xue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Development ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Strategic Plan ◽  
Chinese American ◽  
Discussion List ◽  
Level Of Satisfaction ◽  
Quality Programs ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
Types Of Information

The Assessment and Evaluation Committee of the Chinese American Librarians Association (CALA) designed an online survey for its members in order to elicit various types of information. The primary goals of this survey were to facilitate a stronger organization by serving its members more efficiently and effectively. This survey was distributed to all members through CALA’s discussion list and website. The thirty three survey questions in six categories corresponded to the six areas of the CALA 2020 Strategic Plan. This article is a comprehensive report and analysis of the survey results. The survey data and conclusions may assist the board in gauging the level of CALA members’ awareness, perception, and usage of the association’s policies and services. It will also provide an understanding of its members’ level of satisfaction with the services provided by CALA. The findings of the survey can be used as an important reference for the association to better develop its future strategic plan and long-term goals, such as launching innovative and quality programs and services; using cutting-edge technologies to recruit and engage CALA members; creating professional development networking platforms; and promoting leadership training and services. The article will share the findings and interpretation of this survey in order to increase the awareness of issues, difficulties, and challenges with respect to organizational development.

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