Wearable and Implantable Soft Bioelectronics: Device Designs and Material Strategies

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 359-391
Author(s):  
Sung-Hyuk Sunwoo ◽  
Kyoung-Ho Ha ◽  
Sangkyu Lee ◽  
Nanshu Lu ◽  
Dae-Hyeong Kim
Keyword(s):  
Surface Coating ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Electronic Materials ◽  
Skin Irritation ◽  
Soft Materials ◽  
Implantable Devices ◽  
Physiological Signals ◽  
Future Prospects ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Limited Service

High-performance wearable and implantable devices capable of recording physiological signals and delivering appropriate therapeutics in real time are playing a pivotal role in revolutionizing personalized healthcare. However, the mechanical and biochemical mismatches between rigid, inorganic devices and soft, organic human tissues cause significant trouble, including skin irritation, tissue damage, compromised signal-to-noise ratios, and limited service time. As a result, profuse research efforts have been devoted to overcoming these issues by using flexible and stretchable device designs and soft materials. Here, we summarize recent representative research and technological advances for soft bioelectronics, including conformable and stretchable device designs, various types of soft electronic materials, and surface coating and treatment methods. We also highlight applications of these strategies to emerging soft wearable and implantable devices. We conclude with some current limitations and offer future prospects of this booming field.

scholarly journals Iodine reduction for reproducible and high-performance perovskite solar cells and modules

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. eabe8130
Author(s):  
Shangshang Chen ◽  
Xun Xiao ◽  
Hangyu Gu ◽  
Jinsong Huang
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
High Performance ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Electronic Materials ◽  
Substantial Reduction ◽  
Perovskite Solar Cells ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Operation Conditions ◽  
Record Value ◽  
Precursor Powders

Perovskite-based electronic materials and devices such as perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have notoriously bad reproducibility, which greatly impedes both fundamental understanding of their intrinsic properties and real-world applications. Here, we report that organic iodide perovskite precursors can be oxidized to I2 even for carefully sealed precursor powders or solutions, which markedly deteriorates the performance and reproducibility of PSCs. Adding benzylhydrazine hydrochloride (BHC) as a reductant into degraded precursor solutions can effectively reduce the detrimental I2 back to I−, accompanied by a substantial reduction of I3−-induced charge traps in the films. BHC residuals in perovskite films further stabilize the PSCs under operation conditions. BHC improves the stabilized efficiency of the blade-coated p-i-n structure PSCs to a record value of 23.2% (22.62 ± 0.40% certified by National Renewable Energy Laboratory), and the high-efficiency devices have a very high yield. A stabilized aperture efficiency of 18.2% is also achieved on a 35.8-cm2 mini-module.

scholarly journals Deployment and future prospects of high performance diagnostics featuring serial I/O (SIO) data acquisition (DAQ) at ASDEX Upgrade

2012 ◽  
Vol 87 (12) ◽  
pp. 2145-2151 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Behler ◽  
H. Blank ◽  
H. Eixenberger ◽  
M. Fitzek ◽  
A. Lohs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Acquisition ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Future Prospects ◽  
Performance Diagnostics

scholarly journals A Review on Additive Manufacturing of Micromixing Devices

Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
Marina Garcia-Cardosa ◽  
Francisco-Javier Granados-Ortiz ◽  
Joaquín Ortega-Casanova
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Future Prospects ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Printing Technology ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Manufacturing Technologies

In recent years, additive manufacturing has gained importance in a wide range of research applications such as medicine, biotechnology, engineering, etc. It has become one of the most innovative and high-performance manufacturing technologies of the moment. This review aims to show and discuss the characteristics of different existing additive manufacturing technologies for the construction of micromixers, which are devices used to mix two or more fluids at microscale. The present manuscript discusses all the choices to be made throughout the printing life cycle of a micromixer in order to achieve a high-quality microdevice. Resolution, precision, materials, and price, amongst other relevant characteristics, are discussed and reviewed in detail for each printing technology. Key information, suggestions, and future prospects are provided for manufacturing of micromixing machines based on the results from this review.

scholarly journals A Unified Model to Explain the Large Chiroptical Effects in Polymer Systems Through Natural Optical Activity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jess Wade ◽  
James Hilfiker ◽  
Jochen Brandt ◽  
Letizia Liirò-Peluso ◽  
Li Wan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Optical Activity ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Dipole Moments ◽  
Magnetic Transition ◽  
Polymer Thin Films ◽  
Device Fabrication ◽  
Local Order ◽  
Transition Dipole ◽  
Technological Advances

<div><div><div><p>Polymer thin films that emit and absorb circularly polarised light have been demonstrated with the promise of achieving important technological advances; from efficient, high-performance displays, to 3D imaging and all-organic spintronic devices. However, the origin of the large chiroptical effects in such films has, until now, remained elusive. We investigate the emergence of such phenomena in achiral polymers blended with a chiral small-molecule additive (1-aza[6]helicene) and intrinsically chiral-sidechain polymers using a combination of spectroscopic methods and structural probes. We show that – under conditions relevant for device fabrication – the large chiroptical effects are caused by coupling of electric and magnetic transition dipole moments (natural optical activity), not structural chirality as previously assumed, and may occur because of local order in a cylinder blue phase-type organisation. This disruptive mechanistic insight into chiral polymer thin films will offer new approaches towards chiroptical materials development after almost three decades of research in this area.</p></div></div></div>

scholarly journals Dual modification of LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 with MgHPO4 as a high-performance cathode material for Li-ion batteries

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wujie Ge ◽  
Yuanxiang Fu ◽  
Xianguo Ma ◽  
Xiang Li ◽  
Gongchang Peng
Keyword(s):  
Cathode Material ◽  
Surface Coating ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Elemental Distribution ◽  
Li Ion Batteries ◽  
Structure Morphology ◽  
Li Ion

MgHPO4 has been introduced as a reactant that interacts with LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 (NCM622) to achieve the dual modification of Mg2+ gradient doping and Li3PO4 surface coating. The structure, morphology, elemental distribution,...

3D Stacks of Microprocessors and Memories With Backside Two-Phase Multi-Microchannel Cooler

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jackson B. Marcinichen ◽  
John R. Thome
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuit ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Flow Distribution ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Hydrodynamic Simulations ◽  
3D Ics ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
High Level ◽  
Transfer Of Information ◽  
High Performance Computers

For the next generation of high performance computers, the new challenges are to shorten the distance for transporting data (to accelerate the transfer of information) between multi-microprocessors and memories, and to cool these electronic components despite the increased heat flux that results from increased transistor density. Recent technological advances show a tendency for the development of 3D integrated circuit stacked architectures with interlayer cooling (multi-microchannels in the silicon layers). However, huge challenges exist in such design/concept, i.e. flow distribution to hundreds microchannels distributed in the different interlayers, thermo-hydrodynamic and geometrical limitations, manufacturing etc. 3D-ICs with interlayer cooling are still about a decade away, so a viable shorter term goal is 3D stacks with backside cooling, taking advantage of Si layers now able to be thineer down to only 50 μm thickness. Thus, the present work presents thermo-hydrodynamic simulations for 3D stacks considering only a backside cooler, which simplifies considerably the assembly and guarantees a high level of reliability. In summary, the results showed that this concept is thermally feasible and potentially that interlayer microchannels (between stacks) will not be necessary.

Machine learning for high performance organic solar cells: current scenario and future prospects

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asif Mahmood ◽  
Jin-Liang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Solar Cell ◽  
Organic Solar Cells ◽  
Organic Solar Cell ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Material Design ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Future Prospects ◽  
Current Scenario ◽  
Review Current

In this review, current research status about the machine learning use in organic solar cell research is reviewed. We have discussed the challenges in anticipating the data driven material design.

Carbon nanotube-based heterostructures for high-performance photodetectors: Recent progress and future prospects

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (12) ◽  
pp. 19655-19663 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping Liu ◽  
Shi-E. Yang ◽  
Yongsheng Chen ◽  
Yanxia Ma ◽  
Sheng Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotube ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Future Prospects

scholarly journals Antimelanogenic Effects of Polygonum tinctorium Flower Extract from Traditional Jeju Fermentation via Upregulation of Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase and Protein Kinase B Activation

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 2895 ◽  
Author(s):  
You Chung ◽  
Ji-Hye Ko ◽  
Hyun-Kyu Kang ◽  
Seoyeon Kim ◽  
Choon Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Kinase ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Protein Kinase B ◽  
Skin Irritation ◽  
Akt Inhibitor ◽  
Western Blot Assay ◽  
Extracellular Signal Regulated Kinase ◽  
Flower Extract ◽  
Extracellular Signal ◽  
Polygonum Tinctorium

This study was carried out to investigate the antimelanogenic effects of a Polygonum tinctorium flower extract obtained using red nuruk, a traditional Jeju barley-based fermentation starter. We also studied the mechanism of action of the P. tinctorium fermented flower extract (PTFFE) in mouse melanoma cells (B16F10). Cells were treated with various concentrations (62.5, 125 and 250 μg/mL) of PTFFE and the results showed that PTFFE significantly decreased the melanin content and tyrosinase activity without being cytotoxic. In addition, PTFFE strongly inhibited the expression of tyrosinase and tyrosinase-related protein 2 by decreasing the expression of the microphthalmia-associated transcription factor, as shown by a western blot assay. Furthermore, PTFFE inhibited melanogenesis via upregulation of the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and protein kinase B, also known as AKT. We also used inhibitors such as PD98059 (a specific ERK inhibitor) or LY294002 (an AKT inhibitor) to determine whether the signaling pathways are involved. High-performance liquid chromatography fingerprinting showed the presence of a quercetin glucoside (isoquercitrin) and quercetin in PTFFE. To test the potential for PTFFE application as a cosmetic material, we also performed a primary skin irritation test on human skin. In this assay, PTFFE did not induce any adverse reactions at the treatment dose. Based on these results, we suggest that PTFFE may be considered a potential antimelanogenesis candidate for topical applications.

scholarly journals Flexible and Highly Sensitive Pressure Sensors Based on Microstructured Carbon Nanowalls Electrodes

Nanomaterials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xi Zhou ◽  
Yongna Zhang ◽  
Jun Yang ◽  
Jialu Li ◽  
Shi Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Sensor ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Pressure Sensors ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Physiological Signals ◽  
Healthcare Applications ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Carbon Nanowalls ◽  
Pressure Regime

Wearable pressure sensors have attracted widespread attention in recent years because of their great potential in human healthcare applications such as physiological signals monitoring. A desirable pressure sensor should possess the advantages of high sensitivity, a simple manufacturing process, and good stability. Here, we present a highly sensitive, simply fabricated wearable resistive pressure sensor based on three-dimensional microstructured carbon nanowalls (CNWs) embedded in a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrate. The method of using unpolished silicon wafers as templates provides an easy approach to fabricate the irregular microstructure of CNWs/PDMS electrodes, which plays a significant role in increasing the sensitivity and stability of resistive pressure sensors. The sensitivity of the CNWs/PDMS pressure sensor with irregular microstructures is as high as 6.64 kPa−1 in the low-pressure regime, and remains fairly high (0.15 kPa−1) in the high-pressure regime (~10 kPa). Both the relatively short response time of ~30 ms and good reproducibility over 1000 cycles of pressure loading and unloading tests illustrate the high performance of the proposed device. Our pressure sensor exhibits a superior minimal limit of detection of 0.6 Pa, which shows promising potential in detecting human physiological signals such as heart rate. Moreover, it can be turned into an 8 × 8 pixels array to map spatial pressure distribution and realize array sensing imaging.

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