scholarly journals The Alternative Voltammetric Method for the Determination of Nicotine and Its Metabolite Nicotine N-Oxide

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olha Dushna ◽  
Liliya Dubenska ◽  
Serhiy Plotycya ◽  
Mariana Rydchuk ◽  
Mykola Blazheyevskіy
Keyword(s):  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Electrochemical Behaviour ◽  
Pharmaceutical Preparations ◽  
Linear Sweep Voltammetry ◽  
Differential Pulse ◽  
Analytical Form ◽  
Silver Solid Amalgam Electrode ◽  
Drugs Analysis ◽  
First Time

Abstract In the present paper, for the first time, the electrochemical behaviour of nicotine metabolite nicotine N-oxide (NNO) on static mercury dropping electrode (SMDE) and mercury meniscus modified silver solid amalgam electrode (m-AgSAE) has been reported. Nicotine N-oxide is reduced forming one peak at the potential -0.78 V on SDME and -0.86 V on m-AgSAE in Britton-Robinson buffer medium at pH 4.5 using cyclic voltammetry (CV). One electron and one proton take part in the reaction of NNO reduction. Calibration graphs for NNO determination using linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) on SDME and square-wave voltammetry (SWV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) on m-AgSAE were obtained. Limit of detection (LOD) is 0.13 μM on SDME, and 0.16 μM (SWV) and 0.29 μM (DPV) on m-AgSAE. Since NNO can be used as an analytical form for nicotine voltammetric determination, so the developed methods were applied for the analysis of pharmaceutical preparations, and the recoveries from 97.3 to 104.6 % were achieved. Also, the elaborated methods were used in the analysis of biological fluids, and tobacco products. The obtained results were compared to those indicated in the certificates of drugs analysis, and to the results, obtained by reference methods (HPLC and GC).

scholarly journals Surface-Enhanced Oxidation and Determination of Isothipendyl Hydrochloride at an Electrochemical Sensing Film Constructed by Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
S. N. Prashanth ◽  
Shankara S. Kalanur ◽  
Nagappa L. Teradal ◽  
J. Seetharamappa
Keyword(s):  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Differential Pulse ◽  
Electrochemical Sensing ◽  
Good Precision ◽  
Multiwalled Carbon ◽  
Limit Of Quantification ◽  
Surface Enhanced ◽  
Ph Range

The electrochemical behavior of isothipendyl hydrochloride (IPH) was investigated at bare and multiwalled-carbon-nanotube modified glassy carbon electrode (MWCNT-GCE). IPH (55 μM) showed two oxidation peaks in Britton-Robinson (BR) buffer of pH 7.0. The oxidation process of IPH was observed to be irreversible over the pH range of 2.5–9.0. The influence of pH, scan rate, and concentration of the drug on anodic peak was studied. A differential pulse voltammetric method with good precision and accuracy was developed for the determination of IPH in pure and biological fluids. The peak current was found to be linearly dependent on the concentration of IPH in the range of 1.25–55 μM. The values of limit of detection and limit of quantification were noticed to be 0.284 and 0.949 μM, respectively.

scholarly journals Fast Procedures for the Electrodeposition of Platinum Nanostructures on Miniaturized Electrodes for Improved Ion Sensing

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 2260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Criscuolo ◽  
Irene Taurino ◽  
Van Dam ◽  
Francky Catthoor ◽  
Marcel Zevenbergen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Electrochemical Behaviour ◽  
Linear Sweep Voltammetry ◽  
Metal Nanostructures ◽  
Ion Sensing ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Constant Potential ◽  
Nanostructured Layers

Nanostructured materials have attracted considerable interest over the last few decades to enhance sensing capabilities thanks to their unique properties and large surface area. In particular, noble metal nanostructures offer several advantages including high stability, non-toxicity and excellent electrochemical behaviour. However, in recent years the great expansion of point-of-care (POC) and wearable systems and the attempt to perform measurements in tiny spaces have also risen the need of increasing sensors miniaturization. Fast constant potential electrodeposition techniques have been proven to be an efficient way to obtain conformal platinum and gold nanostructured layers on macro-electrodes. However, this technique is not effective on micro-electrodes. In this paper, we investigate an alternative one-step deposition technique of platinum nanoflowers on micro-electrodes by linear sweep voltammetry (LSV). The effective deposition of platinum nanoflowers with similar properties to the ones deposited on macro-electrodes is confirmed by morphological analysis and by the similar roughness factor (~200) and capacitance (~18 μ F/mm 2 ). The electrochemical behaviour of the nanostructured layer is then tested in an solid-contact (SC) L i + -selective micro-electrode and compared to the case of macro-electrodes. The sensor offers Nernstian calibration with same response time (~15 s) and a one-order of magnitude smaller limit of detection (LOD) ( 2.6 × 10 − 6 ) with respect to the macro-ion-selective sensors (ISE). Finally, sensor reversibility and stability in both wet and dry conditions is proven.

scholarly journals Interaction between Amorphous Zirconia Nanoparticles and Graphite: Electrochemical Applications for Gallic Acid Sensing Using Carbon Paste Electrodes in Wine

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chrys. O. Chikere ◽  
Nadimul Haque Faisal ◽  
Paul Kong-Thoo-Lin ◽  
Carlos Fernandez
Keyword(s):  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Electrochemical Behaviour ◽  
Differential Pulse ◽  
White Wine ◽  
Zro2 Nanoparticles ◽  
Carbon Paste ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Zirconia Nanoparticles

Amorphous zirconium oxide nanoparticles (ZrO2) have been used for the first time, to modify carbon paste electrode (CPE) and used as a sensor for the electrochemical determination of gallic acid (GA). The voltammetric results of the ZrO2 nanoparticles-modified CPE showed efficient electrochemical oxidation of gallic acid, with a significantly enhanced peak current from 261 µA ± 3 to about 451 µA ± 1. The modified surface of the electrode and the synthesised zirconia nanoparticles were characterised by scanning electrode microscopy (SEM), Energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDXA), X-ray powdered diffraction (XRD) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Meanwhile, the electrochemical behaviour of GA on the surface of the modified electrode was studied using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), showing a sensitivity of the electrode for GA determination, within a concentration range of 1 × 10−6 mol L−1 to 1 × 10−3 mol L−1 with a correlation coefficient of R2 of 0.9945 and a limit of detection of 1.24 × 10−7 mol L−1 (S/N = 3). The proposed ZrO2 nanoparticles modified CPE was successfully used for the determination of GA in red and white wine, with concentrations of 0.103 mmol L−1 and 0.049 mmol L−1 respectively.

scholarly journals Liquid Contact-Selective Potentiometric Sensor Based on Imprinted Polymeric Beads Towards 17β-Estradiol Determination

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1506
Author(s):  
Ayman H. Kamel ◽  
Abd El-Galil E. Amr ◽  
Hoda R. Galal ◽  
Elsayed A. Elsayed ◽  
Ahmed I. Al-Sayady
Keyword(s):  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Pharmaceutical Preparations ◽  
Sample Pretreatment ◽  
Fast Response ◽  
Ion Selective Electrodes ◽  
Local Market ◽  
Buffer Solution ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
17Β Estradiol

Novel potentiometric devices “ion-selective electrodes (ISEs)” were designed and characterized for the detection of 17β-estradiol (EST) hormone. The selective membranes were based on the use of man-tailored biomimics (i.e., molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs)) as recognition ionophores. The synthesized MIPs include a functional monomer (methacrylic acid (MAA)) and a cross-linker (ethylene glycol dimethacrylic acid (EGDMA)) in their preparation. Changes in the membrane potential induced by the dissociated 17β-estradiol were investigated in 50 mM CO32−/HCO3− buffer solution at pH 10.5. The ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) exhibited fast response and good sensitivity towards 17β-estradiol with a limit of detection 1.5 µM over a linear range starts from 2.5 µM with an anionic response of 61.2 ± 1.2 mV/decade. The selectivity pattern of the proposed ISEs was also evaluated and revealed an enhanced selectivity towards EST over several phenolic compounds. Advantages revealed by the presented sensor (i.e., wide range of assay, enhanced accuracy and precision, low limit of detection, good selectivity, long-term potential stability, rapid response and long life-span and absence of any sample pretreatment steps) suggest its use in routine quality control/quality assurance tests. They were successfully applied to estradiol determination in biological fluids and in different pharmaceutical preparations collected from the local market.

scholarly journals Electrochemical Oxidation of an Immunosuppressant, Mycophenolate Mofetil, and Its Assay in Pharmaceutical Formulations

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. N. Prashanth ◽  
K. C. Ramesh ◽  
J. Seetharamappa
Keyword(s):  
Mycophenolate Mofetil ◽  
Electrochemical Oxidation ◽  
Glassy Carbon Electrode ◽  
Glassy Carbon ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Differential Pulse ◽  
Carbon Electrode ◽  
Wide Ph Range

Electrochemical oxidation of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) has been studied at a glassy carbon electrode in aqueous solution over a wide pH range. MMF was oxidized on glassy carbon electrode (GCE) by an irreversible process that was controlled mainly by diffusion. The irreversibility of the electrode process was verified by different criteria. A probable mechanism for electrochemical oxidation of MMF was proposed. Differential-pulse voltammogram of the drug showed two oxidation peaks at 0.631 V and at 0.921 V (verses SCE) in phosphate buffer of pH 6.0. This process could be used to determine MMF in the concentration range of5.0×10−7to7.5×10−4 M with a limit of detection of1.48×10−7 M. The method was successfully applied for the analysis of MMF in pure and dosage forms and in biological fluids.

Determination of Picogram Levels of Levodopa in Pharmaceutical Preparations and Biofluids by Flow-Injection Chemiluminescence

2014 ◽  
Vol 884-885 ◽  
pp. 566-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun Zhang ◽  
Su Ya Gao
Keyword(s):  
Flow Injection ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Pharmaceutical Preparations ◽  
Human Saliva ◽  
Quenching Effect ◽  
Dopa Concentration ◽  
Flow Injection Chemiluminescence ◽  
First Time ◽  
Serum And Urine

An ultrasensitive method for determination of L-dopa at picogram levels by flow-injection chemiluminescence (FI-CL) as presented for the first time, based on the quenching effect of levodopa (L-dopa) on the luminol-lysozyme reaction. It was found that the decrement of CL intensity was linearly proportional to the logarithm of L-dopa concentration ranging from 3.0 to 7.0 × 103pg mL-1(R= 0.9967), with the limit of detection (LOD) of 1.0 pg mL-1(3σ). The proposed procedure was successfully applied to the determination of L-dopa in pharmaceutical preparations, human saliva, serum, and urine samples with the recoveries ranging from 96.7% to 104.3% and RSDs less than 4.0% (n= 5).

Voltammetric Method Development for Itopride Assay in a Pharmaceutical Formulation

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 312-318
Author(s):  
Abdulaziz N. Amro
Keyword(s):  
Method Development ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Supporting Electrolyte ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Linear Sweep Voltammetry ◽  
Differential Pulse ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulation ◽  
Voltammetric Method ◽  
Anodic Peak Current

Background: Itopride used for the gastrointestinal symptoms caused by reduced gastrointestinal mobility. For the first time rapid, low cost and green voltammetric method has been applied to analyze itopride in pharmaceutical formulation. Method: Cyclic Voltammetry (CV), Linear Sweep Voltammetry (LSV), Square Wave Voltammetry (SWV) and Differential Pulse Voltammetry (DPV) methods have been applied in this study. Results: Na2SO4 (1M) supporting electrolyte exhibited sharper anodic peak current than other used supporting electrolytes; glassy carbon electrode (GC) working electrode shows better results than platinum electrode (Pt). SWV results show the lowest limit of detection and quantitation values of 2.3 and 18.1 μg.mL-1, respectively. SWV recovery is 100.56% and 100.46% for 50 μg.mL-1 and 100 μg.mL-1 of commercially available itopride tablets, respectively. Furthermore, SWV inter and intraday results precessions are better than other used methods with 0.96 and 0.56% RSD, respectively. Conclusion: The optimum method of applied methods in this study is SWV method. Voltammetry showed low LOD and LOQ values with high accuracy and precession in addition to comparable repeatability and reproducibility values.

scholarly journals Electrochemical Behaviour of Real-Time Sensor for Determination Mercury in Cosmetic Products Based on PANI/MWCNTs/AuNPs/ITO

Cosmetics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Noor Aini Bohari ◽  
Shafiquzzaman Siddiquee ◽  
Suryani Saallah ◽  
Mailin Misson ◽  
Sazmal Effendi Arshad
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Indium Tin Oxide ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Simple Procedure ◽  
Electrochemical Behaviour ◽  
Differential Pulse ◽  
Cosmetic Products ◽  
Detection Range ◽  
Modified Sensor

Mercury is a common ingredient found in skin lightening soaps, creams, and makeup-cleansing products. It may cause skin rashes, skin discolouration, and scarring, as well as a reduction in the skin’s resistance to bacterial and fungal infections. By looking at this scenario, developing a sensor that involved a simple procedure and fasts for real-time detection without affecting mercury sensitivity is urgently needed. For that reason, a fast and sensitive electrochemical method was developed to determine mercury in cosmetic products with the composition of polyaniline/multi-walled carbon nanotubes/gold nanoparticles/indium tin oxide sheet using methylene blue as a redox indicator. The significantly enhanced electrochemical performance was observed using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). In order to detect mercury qualitatively and quantitatively, deposition potential and deposition time were respectively optimised to be 0.10 V and 70 s. The modified sensor was revealed a wide detection range of mercury from 0.01 to 10.00 ppm with a limit of detection of 0.08 ppm. The modified sensor towards mercury with a correlation coefficient (r2) was of 0.9948. Multiple cycling, reproducibility, and consistency of different modified sensors were investigated to verify the modified sensor’s performance. The developed sensing platform was highly selective toward mercury among the pool of possible interferents, and the stability of the developed sensor was ensured for at least 21 days after 10 repeated uses. The proposed method is a fast and simple procedure technique for analysing the mercury levels in cosmetic products.

scholarly journals Voltammetric Determination of Aclonifen at a Silver Amalgam Electrode in Drinking and River Water

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-284
Author(s):  
Vít Novotný ◽  
Jiří Barek
Keyword(s):  
River Water ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Differential Pulse ◽  
Fast Determination ◽  
Silver Solid Amalgam Electrode ◽  
Amalgam Electrode

AbstractA method for the determination of pesticide Aclonifen (AC) in drinking and river water by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) on a meniscus modified silver solid amalgam electrode (m-AgSAE) using solid phase extraction (SPE) as a cleanup and preconcentration procedure is described. The limit of detection (LOD) for direct DPV determination of AC in deionized water is 2.7·10-8mol·dm-3. LOD for DPV determination of AC in tap water after SPE is 1.6·10-10mol·dm-3, the recovery being 55%. LOD for the determination of AC in Vltava river water is 1.9·10-9mol·dm-3, the recovery being 65%. Humic acids interfere with the determination in river water; this problem can be resolved by adjusting the pH of the extracted sample to 6. The advantages of this approach are high sensitivity, low LOD, quick and easy sample preparation and fast determination.

Electrochemical Behaviour of 3-Pyridyl-N,N-bis[(8-quinolyl)amino]methane

1993 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
pp. 1279-1284
Author(s):  
Angeles Loeches ◽  
Carmen Teijeiro ◽  
Dolores Marín
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Voltammetry ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Electrochemical Behaviour ◽  
Differential Pulse ◽  
Differential Pulse Polarography ◽  
Reduction Mechanism ◽  
Pulse Polarography ◽  
Dc Polarography ◽  
The Waves

3-Pyridyl-N,N-bis[(8-quinolyl)amino]methane was studied by DC polarography, coulometry, cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse polarography in a system comprising Britton-Robinson buffer and 15 vol.% ethanol at pH 7.0. The nature of the waves was investigated, and the reduction mechanism is suggested. DPP was also used for a quantitative determination of the substance, and a limit of detection of 3 μmol l-1 was obtained.

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