scholarly journals Development of Dielectric Film Based on Cellulose Loaded Nano-Silver and Carbon for Potential Energy Storage

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sawsan Dacrory ◽  
Samir Kamel ◽  
G. M. Turky
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Dependence ◽  
Flexible Electronics ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Broad Band ◽  
Periodate Oxidation ◽  
Interfacial Polarization ◽  
Single Step ◽  
Arrhenius Behavior ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Nano Silver

Abstract Cellulose has attracted much attention as a potential substrate for low-cost, flexible electronics. Here, new cellulose-based films embedded with nano-silver (AgNs) and carbon (C) were successfully prepared. First, cellulose was oxidized to tricarboxy cellulose (TCC) using 2,2,6,6 tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl followed by periodate oxidation. Then, nano-silver was prepared by polyol method and carbon was prepared via a single-step from bagasse. The structure, thermal, morphology, mechanical properties, and broad-band were characterized by infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray, X-ray diffraction, and stress-strain relation. The results showed that the tensile strength and thermal stability of the films were improved. The temperature dependence of permittivity,  of the TCC film, increased in two trends. However, TCC film shows non-conducting features, especially at lower temperatures; its nanocomposites films show a semiconducting behavior, and its ac-conductivity follows the empirical Jonscher law. Although the temperature dependence of dc-conductivity of the TCC/C, shows an Arrhenius behavior with low activation energy (≈ 3.74 kJ/mol.), its investigated nanocomposites follow the well-known Vogel Fulcher Tamman equation according to the fragility of the prepared samples and/or the correlation between the interfacial polarization and conductivity.

Preparation and application of water-based nano-silver conductive ink in paper-based 3D printing

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chenfei Zhao ◽  
Jun Wang ◽  
Lini Lu
Keyword(s):  
Flexible Electronics ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Methyl Cellulose ◽  
Conductive Ink ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Nano Silver ◽  
Printed Circuit ◽  
Silver Ink ◽  
Sintering Time ◽  
Water Based

Purpose In flexible electronics applications, organic inks are mostly used for inkjet printing. Three-dimensional (3 D) printing technology has the advantages of low cost, high speed and good precision in modern electronic printing. The purpose of this study is to solve the high cost of traditional printing and the pollution emissions of organic ink. It is necessary to develop a water-based conductive ink that is easily degradable and can be 3 D printed. A nano-silver ink printed circuit pattern with high precision, high conductivity and good mechanical properties is a promising strategy. Design/methodology/approach The researched nano-silver conductive ink is mainly composed of silver nanoparticles and resin. The effect of adding methyl cellulose on the ink was also explored. A simple 3 D circuit pattern was printed on photographic paper. The line width, line length, line thickness and conductivity of the printed circuit were tested. The influence of sintering temperature and sintering time on pattern resistivity was studied. The relationship between circuit pattern bending performance and electrical conductivity is analyzed. Findings The experimental results show that the ink has the characteristics of low silver content and good environmental protection effect. The printing feasibility of 3 D printing circuit patterns on paper substrates was confirmed. The best printing temperature is 160°C–180°C, and the best sintering time is 30 min. The circuit pattern can be folded 120°, and the cycle is folded more than 60 times. The minimum resistivity of the circuit pattern is 6.07 µΩ·cm. Methyl cellulose can control the viscosity of the ink. The mechanical properties of the pattern have been improved. The printing method of 3 D printing can significantly reduce the sintering time and temperature of the conductive ink. These findings may provide innovation for the flexible electronics industry and pave the way for alternatives to cost-effective solutions. Originality/value In this study, direct ink writing technology was used to print circuit patterns on paper substrates. This process is simple and convenient and can control the thickness of the ink layer. The ink material is nonpolluting to the environment. Nano-silver ink has suitable viscosity and pH value. It can meet the requirements of pneumatic 3 D printers. The method has the characteristics of simple process, fast forming, low cost and high environmental friendliness.

East Asian Calligraphy Black Ink-Coated Paper as Flexible Conducting Electrode for Supercapacitor

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ren-Jie Xie ◽  
I-Chun Cheng ◽  
Jian-Zhang Chen
Keyword(s):  
Flexible Electronics ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Electrical Conductance ◽  
Angle Measurement ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Coated Paper ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
X Ray

Abstract East Asian calligraphy black ink (hereafter called simply “black ink”) is used to fabricate flexible conducting chromatography paper electrode by a simple and low-cost method. The black ink-coated paper was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, surface profiler, water contact angle measurement, electrical resistance measurement, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. The hydrophilicity slightly decreased after black ink coating but still provided good adhesion to the follow-up reduced graphene oxide/polyaniline/chitosan slurry coating for fabricating supercapacitor electrodes. A 1000-cycle repeated bending test with a bending radius of 5 mm revealed good conductance retention. Instrumental analyses indicated that the carbon black in the black ink was the main contributor to the electrical conductance. The supercapacitor with black-ink-coated paper electrodes exhibited an areal specific capacitance of up to 179.08 mF/cm² and coulomb efficiency of 80%. This confirmed that the black-ink-coated paper electrode could be feasibly applied to a supercapacitor. This black-ink-coated paper can be easily fabricated in resource-limited settings, and it provides new possibilities for the use of paper-based electrodes in flexible electronics.

Ferroelectric and magnetic characteristics of Sm-modified BiFeO3 multiferroics

2014 ◽  
Vol 92 (5) ◽  
pp. 440-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samita Pattanayak ◽  
R.N.P. Choudhary ◽  
Piyush R. Das
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Dependence ◽  
Solid State Reaction Method ◽  
Magnetic Characteristics ◽  
Scanning Electron Micrographs ◽  
Arrhenius Behavior ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Magnetic Parameters ◽  
Rhombohedral Crystal Structure ◽  
Universal Power Law ◽  
Rhombohedral Crystal

Samarium-modified BiFeO3 (i.e., Bi1–xSmxFeO3 (BSFO); x = 0, 0.1, and 0.2) ceramics were synthesized using a solid-state reaction method. Preliminary X-ray structural analysis shows that BSFO polycrystalline compounds have rhombohedral crystal structure. These samples showed dispersion in permittivity (εr) and dielectric loss (tanδ) at lower frequencies. The scanning electron micrographs of the compounds showed (i) the uniform distribution of grains on the samples’ surface with high density and (ii) reduction of grain size on Sm-substitution at the Bi site of BiFeO3. The materials exhibit temperature dependence of dielectric relaxation phenomena. Study of temperature dependence of dc conductivity of the materials follows Arrhenius behavior. The ac conductivity of BSFO obeys Jonscher’s universal power law. Studies of impedance and its related parameters of the materials exhibit a strong correlation between its microstructure (i.e., bulk, grain boundary, etc.), electrical and magnetic parameters.

Fabrication of 3D Temperature Sensor Using Magnetostrictive Inkjet Printhead

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 50405-1-50405-5
Author(s):  
Young-Woo Park ◽  
Myounggyu Noh
Keyword(s):  
Flexible Electronics ◽  
Inkjet Printing ◽  
Temperature Sensor ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Drop On Demand ◽  
Aided Design ◽  
Nanoparticle Ink ◽  
Inkjet Printhead

Abstract Recently, the three-dimensional (3D) printing technique has attracted much attention for creating objects of arbitrary shape and manufacturing. For the first time, in this work, we present the fabrication of an inkjet printed low-cost 3D temperature sensor on a 3D-shaped thermoplastic substrate suitable for packaging, flexible electronics, and other printed applications. The design, fabrication, and testing of a 3D printed temperature sensor are presented. The sensor pattern is designed using a computer-aided design program and fabricated by drop-on-demand inkjet printing using a magnetostrictive inkjet printhead at room temperature. The sensor pattern is printed using commercially available conductive silver nanoparticle ink. A moving speed of 90 mm/min is chosen to print the sensor pattern. The inkjet printed temperature sensor is demonstrated, and it is characterized by good electrical properties, exhibiting good sensitivity and linearity. The results indicate that 3D inkjet printing technology may have great potential for applications in sensor fabrication.

Temperature Dependence of Double Shockley Stacking Fault Behavior in Nitrogen-Doped 4h-Sic Studied by In-Situ Synchrotron X-Ray Topography

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fumihiro Fujie ◽  
Shunta Harada ◽  
Kenji Hanada ◽  
Hiromasa Suo ◽  
Haruhiko Koizumi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Dependence ◽  
Stacking Fault ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Nitrogen Doped ◽  
Fault Behavior

scholarly journals Use of WetSEM® capsules for convenient multimodal scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray analysis, and micro Raman spectroscopy characterisation of technetium oxides

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Bailey ◽  
M. C. Stennett ◽  
J. Heo ◽  
N. C. Hyatt
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Powder Materials ◽  
Spectroscopy Analysis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Micro Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Hazard And Risk ◽  
Sem Imaging ◽  
General User ◽  
532 Nm

AbstractSEM–EDX and Raman spectroscopy analysis of radioactive compounds is often restricted to dedicated instrumentation, within radiological working areas, to manage the hazard and risk of contamination. Here, we demonstrate application of WetSEM® capsules for containment of technetium powder materials, enabling routine multimodal characterisation with general user instrumentation, outside of a controlled radiological working area. The electron transparent membrane of WetSEM® capsules enables SEM imaging of submicron non-conducting technetium powders and acquisition of Tc Lα X-ray emission, using a low cost desktop SEM–EDX system, as well as acquisition of good quality μ-Raman spectra using a 532 nm laser.

scholarly journals Multidimensional Ln-Aminophthalate Photoluminescent Coordination Polymers

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 1786
Author(s):  
Carla Queirós ◽  
Chen Sun ◽  
Ana M. G. Silva ◽  
Baltazar de Castro ◽  
Juan Cabanillas-Gonzalez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Coordination Polymers ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Microwave Assisted Synthesis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Ft Ir Spectroscopy

The development of straightforward reproducible methods for the preparation of new photoluminescent coordination polymers (CPs) is an important goal in luminescence and chemical sensing fields. Isophthalic acid derivatives have been reported for a wide range of applications, and in addition to their relatively low cost, have encouraged its use in the preparation of novel lanthanide-based coordination polymers (LnCPs). Considering that the photoluminescent properties of these CPs are highly dependent on the existence of water molecules in the crystal structure, our research efforts are now focused on the preparation of CP with the lowest water content possible, while considering a green chemistry approach. One- and two-dimensional (1D and 2D) LnCPs were prepared from 5-aminoisophthalic acid and Sm3+/Tb3+ using hydrothermal and/or microwave-assisted synthesis. The unprecedented LnCPs were characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SCRXD), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and their photoluminescence (PL) properties were studied in the solid state, at room temperature, using the CPs as powders and encapsulated in poly(methyl methacrylate (PMMA) films, envisaging the potential preparation of devices for sensing. The materials revealed interesting PL properties that depend on the dimensionality, metal ion, co-ligand used and water content.

scholarly journals Measurements by x-ray diffraction of the temperature dependence of lattice parameter and crystallite size for isostatically-pressed graphite

Carbon Trends ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 100071
Author(s):  
Keith R. Hallam ◽  
James Edward Darnbrough ◽  
Charilaos Paraskevoulakos ◽  
Peter J. Heard ◽  
T. James Marrow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Dependence ◽  
Crystallite Size ◽  
Lattice Parameter ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray

scholarly journals Synthesis of Exosome-Based Fluorescent Gold Nanoclusters for Cellular Imaging Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 4433
Author(s):  
Eun Sung Lee ◽  
Byung Seok Cha ◽  
Seokjoon Kim ◽  
Ki Soo Park
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Stokes Shift ◽  
Gold Nanoclusters ◽  
Human Colon ◽  
Cellular Imaging ◽  
Metal Nanoclusters ◽  
Human Colon Cancer ◽  
X Ray ◽  
High Concentrations

In recent years, fluorescent metal nanoclusters have been used to develop bioimaging and sensing technology. Notably, protein-templated fluorescent gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) are attracting interest due to their excellent fluorescence properties and biocompatibility. Herein, we used an exosome template to synthesize AuNCs in an eco-friendly manner that required neither harsh conditions nor toxic chemicals. Specifically, we used a neutral (pH 7) and alkaline (pH 11.5) pH to synthesize two different exosome-based AuNCs (exo-AuNCs) with independent blue and red emission. Using field-emission scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis, nanoparticle tracking analysis, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, we demonstrated that AuNCs were successfully formed in the exosomes. Red-emitting exo-AuNCs were found to have a larger Stokes shift and a stronger fluorescence intensity than the blue-emitting exo-AuNCs. Both exo-AuNCs were compatible with MCF-7 (human breast cancer), HeLa (human cervical cancer), and HT29 (human colon cancer) cells, although blue-emitting exo-AuNCs were cytotoxic at high concentrations (≥5 mg/mL). Red-emitting exo-AuNCs successfully stained the nucleus and were compatible with membrane-staining dyes. This is the first study to use exosomes to synthesize fluorescent nanomaterials for cellular imaging applications. As exosomes are naturally produced via secretion from almost all types of cell, the proposed method could serve as a strategy for low-cost production of versatile nanomaterials.

DEPOSITION OF SINGLE-PHASE CuInSe2 THIN FILMS UNDER LOW VACUUM LEVEL BY A TWO-STAGE GROWTH TECHNIQUE

2009 ◽  
Vol 16 (03) ◽  
pp. 381-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. CHU ◽  
H. B. ZHU ◽  
Z. A. WANG ◽  
Z. Q. BIAN ◽  
Z. SUN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Control Process ◽  
Rf Magnetron Sputtering ◽  
Chalcopyrite Structure ◽  
Sputtering Deposition ◽  
Vacuum Level ◽  
X Ray ◽  
High Efficient

Single-phase CuInSe 2 films were grown by high vapor selenization of CuIn alloy precursors within a partially closed graphite box. The CuIn precursors were prepared using Cu x In y alloy targets with different composition rates under low vacuum level by a homemade sputtering system. The Cu and In composition rates of the used targets are 11:9, 10:10, and 9:11, respectively. The metallic precursor films were selenized using a two-step temperature profile, i.e. at 250°C and 400–500°C, respectively. The influence of the temperature at the second selenization step on the quality of the CIS absorbing layers was investigated. The CIS films were characterized by X-ray diffractometry, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray analysis, and Raman spectroscopy. The deposited CIS absorbers selenized at a high temperature of 500°C for 30 min exhibited a single-phase chalcopyrite structure with a preferential orientation in the (112) direction. These layers display uniform, large, and densely packed crystals with a grain size of about 3–5 μm. Cadmium sulfide buffer layer was manufactured by chemical bath deposition method. Bilayers ZnO / ZnO : Al were prepared by RF magnetron sputtering deposition. CIS solar cells with an efficiency of about 6.5% were produced without antireflective films. The method to fabricate CIS solar cells by a combination of the low vacuum sputtering deposition and the graphite box selenization process has provided a simple control process and shown a promising potential for developing high efficient and low-cost CuInSe 2 solar cells.

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