scholarly journals Femoral lipectomy increases postprandial lipemia in women

2015 ◽  
Vol 309 (1) ◽  
pp. E63-E71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teri L. Hernandez ◽  
Daniel H. Bessesen ◽  
Kimberly A. Cox-York ◽  
Christopher B. Erickson ◽  
Christopher K. Law ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fat Mass ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Postprandial Lipemia ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Visceral Fat Area ◽  
Liquid Meal ◽  
Regional Adiposity ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

Femoral subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) appears to be cardioprotective compared with abdominal SAT, possibly through better triglyceride (TG) sequestration. We hypothesized that removal of femoral SAT would increase postprandial TG through a reduction in dietary fatty acid (FA) storage. Normal-weight (means ± SD; BMI 23.9 ± 2.6 kg/m2) women ( n = 29; age 45 ± 6 yr) were randomized to femoral lipectomy (LIPO) or control (CON) and followed for 1 yr. Regional adiposity was measured by DEXA and CT. A liquid meal labeled with [14C]oleic acid was used to trace the appearance of dietary FA in plasma (6-h postprandial TG), breath (24-h oxidation), and SAT (24-h [14C]TG storage). Fasting LPL activity was measured in abdominal and femoral SAT. DEXA leg fat mass was reduced after LIPO vs. CON (Δ−1.4 ± 0.7 vs. 0.1 ± 0.5 kg, P < 0.001) and remained reduced at 1 yr (−1.1 ± 1.4 vs. −0.2 ± 0.5 kg, P < 0.05), as did CT thigh subcutaneous fat area (−39.6 ± 36.6 vs. 4.7 ± 14.6 cm2, P < 0.05); DEXA trunk fat mass and CT visceral fat area were unchanged. Postprandial TG increased (5.9 ± 7.7 vs. −0.6 ± 5.3 × 103 mg/dl, P < 0.05) and femoral SAT LPL activity decreased (−21.9 ± 22.3 vs. 10.5 ± 26.5 nmol·min−1·g−1, P < 0.05) 1 yr following LIPO vs. CON. There were no group differences in 14C-labeled TG appearing in abdominal and femoral SAT or elsewhere. In conclusion, femoral fat remained reduced 1 yr following lipectomy and was accompanied by increased postprandial TG and reduced femoral SAT LPL activity. There were no changes in storage of meal-derived FA or visceral fat. Our data support a protective role for femoral adiposity on circulating TG independent of dietary FA storage and visceral adiposity.

scholarly journals Does Body Fat Mass Define Survival in Patients Starting Peritoneal Dialysis?

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 376-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soo Jeong Choi ◽  
Eun Jung Kim ◽  
Moo Yong Park ◽  
Jin Kuk Kim ◽  
Seung Duk Hwang
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Visceral Obesity ◽  
Visceral Fat Area ◽  
Exit Site Infection ◽  
Cox Regression Analysis

Background and AimsPeritoneal dialysis (PD) is characterized by a gain in fat mass. Unlike subcutaneous fat, visceral fat is associated with metabolic syndrome and survival. We prospectively examined whether visceral or subcutaneous fat could predict outcome in patients undergoing PD.MethodsWe studied 117 new patients (57 men) undergoing PD between February 2006 and November 2011. Baseline body composition was measured on computed tomograms. Visceral obesity was defined as a visceral fat area exceeding 100 cm2, and subcutaneous obesity, as a subcutaneous fat area exceeding 130 cm2.ResultsAmong the 117 patients, 37 and 29 were diagnosed with visceral and subcutaneous obesity respectively. Visceral and subcutaneous obesity were both present in 21 patients. In the study population, the 1-year and 5-year survival rates were 94% and 59%. The rates of peritonitis and exit-infection were 0.31 and 0.14 episodes per patient–year. Mortality was greater in patients with visceral obesity than in those without visceral obesity ( p = 0.005). Visceral obesity had no influence on peritonitis and exit-infection rates. Subcutaneous obesity was associated neither with survival nor with peritonitis or exit-site infection. In a multivariate Cox regression analysis, visceral obesity was not a risk factor for poor outcome.ConclusionsIncreased visceral fat at PD initiation is not an independent predictor of poor survival. Any impact of visceral or subcutaneous fat mass on outcomes in patients undergoing PD would be better defined by larger, long-term studies.

scholarly journals Visceral fat obesity is the key risk factor for the development of reflux erosive esophagitis in 40–69-years subjects

Esophagus ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinya Ohashi ◽  
Takahisa Maruno ◽  
Keita Fukuyama ◽  
Osamu Kikuchi ◽  
Tomohiko Sunami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Erosive Esophagitis ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Visceral Fat Area ◽  
Daily Alcohol Intake ◽  
Gastrointestinal Reflux ◽  
Total Fat

Abstract Background Visceral fat obesity can be defined quantitatively by abdominal computed tomography, however, the usefulness of measuring visceral fat area to assess the etiology of gastrointestinal reflux disease has not been fully elucidated. Methods A total of 433 healthy subjects aged 40–69 years (234 men, 199 women) were included in the study. The relationship between obesity-related factors (total fat area, visceral fat area, subcutaneous fat area, waist circumference, and body mass index) and the incidence of reflux erosive esophagitis was investigated. Lifestyle factors and stomach conditions relevant to the onset of erosive esophagitis were also analyzed. Results The prevalence of reflux erosive esophagitis was 27.2% (118/433; 106 men, 12 women). Visceral fat area was higher in subjects with erosive esophagitis than in those without (116.6 cm2 vs. 64.9 cm2, respectively). The incidence of erosive esophagitis was higher in subjects with visceral fat obesity (visceral fat area ≥ 100 cm2) than in those without (61.2% vs. 12.8%, respectively). Visceral fat obesity had the highest odds ratio (OR) among obesity-related factors. Multivariate analysis showed that visceral fat area was associated with the incidence of erosive esophagitis (OR = 2.18), indicating that it is an independent risk factor for erosive esophagitis. In addition, daily alcohol intake (OR = 1.54), gastric atrophy open type (OR = 0.29), and never-smoking history (OR = 0.49) were also independently associated with the development of erosive esophagitis. Conclusions Visceral fat obesity is the key risk factor for the development of reflux erosive esophagitis in subjects aged 40–69 years.

scholarly journals Hepatic steatosis in Cushing's syndrome: a radiological assessment using computed tomography

2003 ◽  
Vol 149 (6) ◽  
pp. 543-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
AG Rockall ◽  
SA Sohaib ◽  
D Evans ◽  
G Kaltsas ◽  
AM Isidori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Hepatic Steatosis ◽  
Cushing’S Syndrome ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Cushing's Syndrome ◽  
Abdominal Fat ◽  
Visceral Fat Area

OBJECTIVE: Hepatic steatosis may occur in association with insulin resistance and obesity, two features commonly seen in Cushing's syndrome (CS). The aim of this report is to assess the prevalence of hepatic steatosis in patients with active CS using computed tomography (CT) and to identify any associations between hepatic steatosis, endocrine and biochemical variables and body fat distribution. PATIENTS AND MEASUREMENTS: We identified 50 patients with active CS in whom appropriate CT was available to allow measurement of liver and spleen attenuation. In 26 patients, abdominal fat measurements were also available. Serum markers of CS and liver function tests were recorded. RESULTS: Ten of 50 patients had a liver-to-spleen CT attenuation ratio (L/S) of less than 1, indicating hepatic steatosis. There was a significant negative correlation between both liver attenuation and L/S ratio with total abdominal fat area, visceral fat area, the percentage of visceral fat and the visceral to subcutaneous fat ratio; the strongest negative correlation was found between visceral fat area and L/S ratio (r=-0.638, P<0.001, n=26). L/S ratio positively correlated with alkaline phosphatase levels (r=+0.423, P=0.044, n=23) but with no other serum marker of CS activity or liver enzyme. CONCLUSIONS: We have demonstrated hepatic steatosis on CT in 20% of patients with active CS. The presence of hepatic steatosis was significantly correlated with total abdominal fat area and visceral fat area.

scholarly journals Visceral obesity: A new risk factor for stone disease

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 795 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilker Akarken ◽  
Hüseyin Tarhan ◽  
Rahmi Gökhan Ekin ◽  
Özgür Çakmak ◽  
Gökhan Koç ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Kidney Stones ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Stone Disease ◽  
Flank Pain ◽  
Fat Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

Introduction: We examined the relationship between stone disease and the amount of visceral adipose tissue measured with unenhanced computed tomography (CT).Methods: We included 149 patients with complaints of flank pain and kidney stones detected by CT, from August 2012 to April 2013. In addition, as the control group we included 139 healthy individuals, with flank pain within the same time period, with no previous history of urological disease and no current kidney stones identified by CT. Patients were analyzed for age, gender, body mass index, amount of visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue, and serum level of low-density lipoprotein and triglyceride.Results: There were no differences between groups in terms of gender and age (p = 0.27 and 0.06, respectively). Respective measurements for the stone and control groups for body mass index were 29.1 and 27.6 kg/m2; for visceral fat measurement 186.0 and 120.2 cm2; and for subcutaneous fat measurements 275.9 and 261.9 cm2 (p = 0.01; 0.01 and 0.36, respectively). Using multivariate analysis, the following factors were identified as increasing the risk of kidney stone formation: hyperlipidemia (p = 0.003), hypertension (p = 0.001), and ratio of visceral fat tissue to subcutaneous fat tissue (p = 0.01). Our study has its limitations, including its retrospective nature, its small sample size, possible selection bias, and missing data. The lack of stone composition data is another major limitation of our study.Conclusion: The ratio of visceral to subcutaneous adipose tissue, in addition to obesity, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension, was identified as an emerging factor in the formation of kidney stones.

scholarly journals Systemic Inflammation Characterizes Lack of Metabolic Health in Nonobese HIV-Infected Men

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana N. Monczor ◽  
Xiuhong Li ◽  
Frank J. Palella ◽  
Kristine M. Erlandson ◽  
Dorothy Wiley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Inflammation ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Metabolic Health ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Inflammatory Biomarker ◽  
Hiv Serostatus ◽  
Metabolically Healthy

Background. Increasing body mass index (BMI) is generally associated with loss of metabolic health, although some obese individuals remain metabolically healthy. Among nonobese men, HIV infection has been associated with a lower prevalence of metabolic health. Methods. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 470 HIV-infected and 368 HIV-uninfected men enrolled in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study Cardiovascular substudy. Circulating biomarker levels were compared by BMI category and by HIV serostatus. Poisson regression with robust variance determined associations between metabolic health and circulating inflammatory biomarker levels after adjusting for factors previously associated with metabolic health. Results. HIV-infected men were younger and less likely to be obese. Among HIV-infected, normal weight metabolically healthy men (compared to unhealthy) had significantly lower circulating levels of interleukin- (IL-) 6, soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors (sTNFR) I and II, and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), higher adiponectin, less visceral fat, and more subcutaneous fat. Among HIV-uninfected normal weight men and obese men (regardless of HIV serostatus), metabolic health was associated only with higher levels of adiponectin, less visceral fat, and lower HOMA-IR values. In multivariate analyses restricted to HIV-infected men, lower hs-CRP, sTNFRI, sTNFRII, and HOMA-IR and higher adiponectin levels were associated with metabolic health. Additional adjustment for visceral adiposity did not alter results. Conclusions. Among HIV-infected normal weight men, metabolic health was associated with less systemic inflammation, a relationship that, among normal weight men, was unique to HIV+ men and did not exist among obese men of either HIV serostatus.

scholarly journals Subcutaneous fat mass is associated with genetic risk scores related to proinflammatory cytokine signaling and interact with physical activity in middle-aged obese adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
James W. Daily ◽  
Hye Jeong Yang ◽  
Meiling Liu ◽  
Min Jung Kim ◽  
Sunmin Park
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Genetic Variants ◽  
Genetic Risk ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Risk Scores ◽  
Obese Adults ◽  
High Physical Activity

Abstract Background and aims Subcutaneous fat mass is negatively correlated with atherogenic risk factors, but its putative benefits remain controversial. We hypothesized that genetic variants that influence subcutaneous fat mass would modulate lipid and glucose metabolism and have interactions with lifestyles in Korean middle-aged adults with high visceral fat. Materials and methods Subcutaneous fat mass was categorized by dividing the average of subscapular skin-fold thickness by BMI and its cutoff point was 1.2. Waist circumferences were used for representing visceral fat mass with Asian cutoff points. GWAS of subjects aged 40–65 years with high visceral fat (n = 3303) were conducted and the best gene-gene interactions from the genetic variants related to subcutaneous fat were selected and explored using the generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction. Genetic risk scores (GRS) were calculated by weighted GRS that was divided into low, medium and high groups. Results Subjects with high subcutaneous fat did not have dyslipidemia compared with those with low subcutaneous fat, although both subject groups had similar amounts of total fat. The best model to influence subcutaneous fat included IL17A_rs4711998, ADCY2_rs326149, ESRRG_rs4846514, CYFIP2_rs733730, TCF7L2_rs7917983, ZNF766_rs41497444 and TGFBR3_rs7526590. The odds ratio (OR) for increasing subcutaneous fat was higher by 2.232 folds in the high-GRS group, after adjusting for covariates. However, total and LDL cholesterol, triglyceride and C-reactive protein concentrations in the circulation were not associated with GRS. Subjects with high-GRS had higher serum HDL cholesterol levels than those with low-GRS. Physical activity and GRS had an interaction with subcutaneous fat. In subjects with low physical activity, the odds ratio for high subcutaneous fat increased by 2.232, but subcutaneous fat deposition was not affected in the high-GRS group with high physical activity. Conclusion Obese adults with high-GRS had more subcutaneous fat, but they did not show more dyslipidemia and inflammation compared to low-GRS. High physical activity prevented subcutaneous fat deposition in subjects with high GRS for subcutaneous fat.

Visceral Fat: Higher Responsiveness of Fat Mass and Gene Expression to Calorie Restriction than Subcutaneous Fat

2003 ◽  
Vol 228 (10) ◽  
pp. 1118-1123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yin Li ◽  
Hideaki Bujo ◽  
Kazuo Takahashi ◽  
Manabu Shibasaki ◽  
Yanjuan Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Calorie Restriction ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat

scholarly journals Relationships between Composition of Major Fatty Acids and Fat Distribution and Insulin Resistance in Japanese

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chikako Fujii ◽  
Toshihide Kawai ◽  
Koichiro Azuma ◽  
Yuko Oguma ◽  
Fuminori Katsukawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Metabolic Parameters ◽  
Visceral Fat Area

Objective. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationships between the composition of free fatty acids (FFAs) and metabolic parameters, including body fat distribution, in Japanese.Methods. The study subjects were 111 Japanese patients (54 males, 57 females). Metabolic parameters and visceral and subcutaneous fat areas as determined by CT scanning at the umbilical level were measured. Glucose tolerance test (GTT) was performed by administering 75 g glucose orally.Results. The percentage of linoleic acid (C18:2), the greatest constituent among FFAs, was negatively correlated with visceral fat area (r=−0.411,p<0.0001), fasting glucose (r=−0.330,p<0.0001), HbA1c (r=−0.231,p=0.0146), and systolic blood pressure (r=−0.224,p=0.0184). Linoleic acid percentage was also significantly negatively correlated with HOMA-IR (r=−0.416,p<0.0001) by simple correlation. Based on the findings of OGTT, the 111 subjects were classified into three groups: 33 with normal glucose tolerance, 71 with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and 7 diabetic subjects. The percentage of serum linoleic acid in diabetic subjects was significantly lower than that in normal subjects.Conclusion. We conclude that serum linoleic acid level is negatively correlated with the accumulation of visceral fat in relation to a reduction of insulin resistance in Japanese subjects.

scholarly journals Does a “Cushion Effect” Really Exist? A Morphomic Analysis of Vulnerable Road Users with Serious Blunt Abdominal Injury

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1006
Author(s):  
Yu-San Tee ◽  
Chi-Tung Cheng ◽  
Chi-Hsun Hsieh ◽  
Shih-Ching Kang ◽  
Chih-Yuan Fu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Abdominal Injury ◽  
Visceral Fat Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Severity Of Injury ◽  
Vulnerable Road Users

Introduction: The severity of injury from motor vehicle crashes (MVCs) depends on complex biomechanical factors, and the bodily features of the injured person account for some of these factors. By assuming that vulnerable road users (VRUs) have limited protection resulting from vehicles and safety equipment, the current study analyzed the characteristics of fat distribution measured by computed tomography (CT) imaging and investigated the existence of a “cushion effect” in VRUs. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study enrolled 592 VRUs involved in MVCs who underwent CT scans. Visceral fat area and subcutaneous fat cross-sectional area were measured and adjusted according to total body area (TBA) and are presented as the visceral fat ratio and the subQ fat ratio (subcutaneous fat ratio). Risk factors for serious abdominal injury (maximum abbreviated injury scale (MAISabd ≥ 3)) resulting from MVCs were determined by univariate and multivariate analysis. Results: MAISabd ≥ 3 was observed in 104 (17.6%) of the patients. The subQ fat ratio at the L4 vertebral level was significantly lower in the MAISabd ≥ 3 group than in the MAISabd < 3 group (24.9 ± 12.0 vs. 28.1 ± 11.9%; p = 0.015). A decreased L4 subQ fat ratio was associated with a higher risk for MAISabd ≥ 3 in multivariate analysis (odds ratio 0.063; 95% CI 0.008–0.509; p = 0.009). Conclusion: The current study supported the “cushion effect” theory, and protection was apparently provided by subcutaneous fat tissue. This concept may further improve vehicle and safety designation in the future.

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