scholarly journals Vasodilator responses and endothelin-dependent vasoconstriction in metabolically healthy obesity and the metabolic syndrome

2015 ◽  
Vol 309 (9) ◽  
pp. E787-E792 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Schinzari ◽  
Micaela Iantorno ◽  
Umberto Campia ◽  
Nadia Mores ◽  
Valentina Rovella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Vascular Reactivity ◽  
Forearm Blood Flow ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Metabolic Abnormalities ◽  
Metabolically Healthy Obesity ◽  
Arterial Infusion ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Metabolically Healthy

Patients with metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) do not present the cluster of metabolic abnormalities that define the metabolic syndrome (MetS). Whether MHO is associated with lower impairment of vasoreactivity than the MetS is unknown. For this purpose, forearm blood flow (FBF) responses were measured by strain-gauge plethysmography during the intra-arterial infusion of acetylcholine (ACh), sodium nitroprusside (SNP), and/or the selective endothelin type A (ETA) receptor blocker BQ-123 in 119 obese individuals with MHO ( n = 34) or with the MetS ( n = 85) and in healthy lean controls ( n = 56). ACh and SNP caused a significant vasodilation in both obese and lean participants (all P < 0.001). However, the response to both agents was significantly lower in the obese than in the control group (both P < 0.001). Among the obese participants, the reactivity to ACh was higher in MHO than in MetS patients, whereas the responsiveness to SNP was equally impaired in both groups ( P = 0.45). Infusion of BQ-123 significantly increased FBF in obese patients ( P < 0001), but not in the lean participants; hence, FBF following ETA receptor blockade was higher in both obese groups than in controls (both P < 0.001). FBF response to BQ-123 was significantly higher in patients with the MetS than in those with MHO ( P = 0.007). In conclusion, patients with MHO have abnormal vascular reactivity, although their endothelial dysfunction is less pronounced than in patients with the MetS. These findings indicate that obesity is associated with vascular damage independent of those metabolic abnormalities underlying the MetS.

Cut off value of plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration for predicting metabolic syndrome

2019 ◽  
pp. 68-73
Author(s):  
Trong Nghia Nguyen ◽  
Thi Nhan Nguyen ◽  
Thi Dua Dao
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Key Words Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
And Control

Background: The metabolic syndrome is a constellation of cardiometabolic risk factors that tend to cluster together in affected individuals more often than predicted by chance. The presence of the metabolic syndrome substantially increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, and is associated with a range of adverse clinical outcomes, many of which are closely associated with aging. Current estimates suggest that approximately 20 - 25% of the world’s population is affected by the metabolic syndrome. The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome rises with age and more than 45% of people aged over 60 years have the metabolic syndrome. Recent studies show that low vitamin D status is very common in the world and this is a risk factor of metabolic syndrome. Objective: (1) Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration in subjects with metabolic syndrome. (2) Cut off value of plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration for predicting metabolic syndrome. Material and method: A cross-sectional study with control group on 318 adult subjects for health examinations at International Medical Center at Hue Central Hospital, including 139 subjects with metabolic syndrome and control group of 179 healthy subjects. Metabolic syndrome was defined according to the IDF, NHLBI, AHA, WHF, IAS, IASO (2009). Plasma hydroxyvitamin D concentration was measured using chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay. Reciever operating characteristic (ROC) curve were generated to assess sensitivity and specificity for different cut off value of 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration for predicting metabolic syndrome. Results: Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration in subjects with metabolic syndrome was 26.4 ng/ml, incidence of plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency (59.7%) was significantly higher than in control group (23.5%) (p < 0.001). The optimal cut off point for 25-OH-D concentration for predictor of metabolic syndrome as 26.4 ng/ml (AUC=0.657, sensitivity=53.4%, specificity=71.6%). Conclusion: In 139 subjects with metabolic syndrome, the plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration was 26.4 ng/ml and the incidence of 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency in the metabolic syndrome group was 59.7%. The optimal cut off point for plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration for predictor of metabolic syndrome as 26.4 ng/ml. Key words: Metabolic syndrome, 25-hydroxyvitamin D

scholarly journals Individual Diet Modification Reduces the Metabolic Syndrome in Patients Before Pharmacological Treatment

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 2102
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Elżbieta Zujko ◽  
Marta Rożniata ◽  
Kinga Zujko
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Nutrition Education ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome

Modification of lifestyle, including healthy nutrition, is the primary approach for metabolic syndrome (MetS) therapy. The aim of this study was to estimate how individual nutrition intervention affects the reduction of MetS components. Subjects diagnosed with MetS were recruited in the Lomza Medical Centre. The study group consisted of 90 participants and was divided into one intervention group (individual nutrition education group (INEG)) and one control group (CG). The research was conducted over 3 months. The following measurements were obtained during the first visit and after completion of the 3 months intervention: body mass, waist circumference, body composition, blood pressure, fasting glucose, and blood lipids. Dietary assessments were performed before and post-intervention using 3-day 24-h dietary recalls. Dietary knowledge was evaluated with the KomPAN questionnaire. The total polyphenol content of the diet was calculated. Sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics were collected from a self-reported questionnaire. The physical activity was assessed by the short version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). It was found that the individual nutrition education was an effective method to improve the knowledge, dietary habits, and physical activity of the study participants. The modification of the diet in terms of higher intake of polyphenols (flavonoids and anthocyanins), fiber, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), PUFA n-3, and lower intake of saturated fatty acids (SFA) had a significant impact on the improvement of some MetS risk factors (waist circumference, fasting glucose, and HDL-cholesterol).

scholarly journals Liver markers, prevalence of the metabolic syndrome abnormalities and effect of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass in morbidly obese subjects

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 429-435
Author(s):  
Ary Serpa Neto ◽  
Felipe Martin Bianco Rossi ◽  
Rodrigo Dal Moro Amarante ◽  
Marçal Rossi
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Gastric Bypass ◽  
Heavy Drinking ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Morbidly Obese ◽  
Metabolic Abnormalities ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Obese Subjects ◽  
Liver Markers

ABSTRACT Objectives: To evaluate the relations between liver markers (GGT, ALT and AST) and the metabolic syndrome (and its components) in morbidly obese subjects, and to determine the response of these metabolic factors and hepatic enzymes after weight loss induced by Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Methods: This study was carried out at a university hospital, in Santo André (SP), Brazil. We evaluated 140 morbidly obese subjects aged from 18 to 60 years submitted to a Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, who were followed for a mean period of 8 months. Patients with a history of heavy drinking, type 1 diabetes, and/or liver disease were excluded. Results: Liver markers, most notably GGT, were strongly associated with metabolic abnormalities, mainly hyperglycemia. The prevalence of type 2 diabetes significantly increased with increasing levels of GGT (highest versus lowest quartile GGT: odds ratio 3.89 [95%CI: 1.07-14.17]). Liver markers significantly decreased 8 months after the Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and the reduction of GGT levels were associated with the reduction of glucose levels (Pearson r = 0.286; p = 0.001). Conclusions: Elevated levels of liver markers, principally GGT, in morbidly obese subjects are associated with metabolic abnormalities. In addition to the well-known benefits of bariatric surgery, Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, reduced the levels of liver markers to the normal range.

scholarly journals Variable Changes of Circulating ANGPTL3 and ANGPTL4 in Different Obese Phenotypes: Relationship with Vasodilator Dysfunction

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1037
Author(s):  
Francesca Schinzari ◽  
Giuseppina Vizioli ◽  
Umberto Campia ◽  
Manfredi Tesauro ◽  
Carmine Cardillo
Keyword(s):  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Metabolically Healthy Obesity ◽  
Premature Atherosclerosis ◽  
Metabolic Phenotypes ◽  
Metabolically Healthy ◽  
Metabolically Unhealthy Obesity ◽  
Metabolic Regulators

Obesity associates with premature atherosclerosis and an increased burden of cardiovascular disease, especially when accompanied by abnormalities of lipid and glucose metabolism. Angiopoietin-like (ANGPTL)3 and ANGPTL4 are metabolic regulators, whose upregulation is associated with dyslipidemia, insulin resistance and atherosclerosis. We analyzed, therefore, changes in circulating ANGPTL3 and ANGPTL4 in obese patients with different metabolic phenotypes and their relation with impaired vasodilator reactivity, an early abnormality in atherosclerosis. Compared to the lean subjects (n = 42), circulating ANGPTL3 was elevated (both p > 0.001) in the patients with metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO; n = 87) and type 2 diabetes (T2D; n = 31), but not in those with metabolically healthy obesity (MHO; n = 48, p > 0.05). Circulating ANGPTL4, by contrast, was increased in all obese subgroups (all p < 0.001 vs. lean subjects). Vasodilator responses to both acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside were reduced in the three obese subgroups vs. lean subjects (all p < 0.001), with greater impairment in the patients with T2D than in those with MHO and MUO (all p < 0.05). In the whole population, an inverse relationship (r = 0.27; p = 0.003) was observed between circulating ANGPTL4 and endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation. Circulating ANGPTL3 and ANGPTL4 undergo variable changes in obese patients with different metabolic phenotypes; changes in ANGPTL4 relate to endothelial dysfunction, making this protein a possible target for vascular prevention in these patients.

scholarly journals METABOLICALLY HEALTHY AND UNHEALTHY OBESITY IN CHILDREN FROM THE POINT OF VIEW OF EVIDENCE-BASED MEDICINE

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-267
Author(s):  
V. Furdela ◽  
I. Smiian ◽  
M. Furdela
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
High Risk ◽  
School Age ◽  
Metabolically Healthy Obesity ◽  
Metabolic Disturbances ◽  
Height Ratio ◽  
Waist To Hip Ratio ◽  
Waist To Height Ratio ◽  
Metabolically Healthy

Introduction. Childhood obesity and associated metabolic comorbidities is a major global health concern. Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a cluster of metabolic abnormalities that confers a substantial increase in cardiovascular disease risk. In the context of the childhood obesity pandemic, a distinct subgroup of youth with obesity less prone to the development of metabolic disturbances, called “metabolically healthy obese” (MHO), recently has come into focus. However, the diagnostic criteria of both conditions are still controversial in children. Therefore, the purpose of our research is to estimate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and metabolically healthy obesity in school-age boys using international reference standards and to recognize the most sensitive metabolic markers. Materials and methods. This study was carried out at the Ternopil regional hospital (Western Ukraine) and involved randomly chosen 112 boys from rural and urban population; aged 10–17 years (mean ± SD, 14.6 ± 0.25). Height, weight and waist and hip circumferences were measured by standard methods in each patient. Body mass index (BMI, kg/m2), waist-to-height ratio (WtHR), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) were calculated by common formulas. Obesity was defined as a BMI  ≥ 2SD for age and gender. Blood pressure was measured and estimated according to European Society of Hypertension guidelines (2016). Biomarkers of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism were tested. Discussion. The study identified prominent physical and metabolic differences in groups of patients with MHO and manifested MS, as well as in the high-risk group for the realization of MS. As a result of this project, MHO and MS were confirmed in 49.11 % and 9.82 % surveyed boys, respectively. The rest of teenagers (32.14 %) based on metabolic disturbances, formed a cluster of the high-risk realization of MS. Moreover, fasting hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance were identified only in patients with manifested MS in 10.91 % and 5.45 % cases, respectively. It was found that the waist-to-height ratio > 0.5 is an informative test of obesity in general, and the waist-to-hip ratio > 0.9 is a sensitive screening tool for abdominal obesity in boys in our population. Based on the results, the triglyceride index is the most sensitive biomarker of insulin resistance compared to triglyceride-to-high density lipids cholesterol ratio and atherogenic coefficient in school-age boys. The results can be applied in pediatric practice for early identification of patients with metabolically unhealthy obesity with WHR and the triglyceride index at the early preclinical stage of MS manifestation. Keywords children, metabolically healthy obesity, metabolic syndrome, triglyceride index.

scholarly journals The prevalence of metabolically healthy obesity according to the sample of the Moscow region

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 51-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena V. Ostrovskaya ◽  
Tatiana I. Romantsova ◽  
Andrei N. Gerasimov ◽  
Tamara E. Novoselova
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Carbohydrate Metabolism ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Homa Index ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Hip Circumference ◽  
Metabolically Healthy Obese ◽  
Healthy Obese ◽  
Metabolically Healthy

Introduction. Obesity is a major factor for cardiometabolic risk. However, there is a category of obese patients without disorders of lipid, carbohydrate metabolism and cardiovascular disease metabolically healthy obese (MHO). Aim. Our goal was to investigate the prevalence and characteristics of this phenotype compared to patients with metabolic syndrome (MS). Materials and methods. To evaluate the prevalence of the MHO phenotype we analyzed 389 medical records of females aged 1860 years with obesity. Three types of MHO criteria were used: 1) HOMA index (2.7); 2) IDF-criteria of metabolic syndrome, 2005; 3) the BioSHaRE-EU 2013 criteria (obese patients without any symptoms of MS). We conducted a comparative analysis of anthropometry, status of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, the functional state of the liver. Results. The MHO prevalence was: 34.5% according to HOMA index, according to the definitions of MS 2005 38.6%, in BioSHaRE-EU 9.6%. In groups of MHO and MS dyslipidemia was observed in 27.3 and 49.5% (p0.05), hypertension in 25% and 71.6% (p0.05), steatogepatosis in 47.7% vs 51.3% (p0.05) of observations, respectively. Among comorbidities the gynecological pathology was most prevalent - 50.8 and 61.4% (p0.05), disorders of carbohydrate metabolism differed significantly in frequency- 6.82 and 39.1% of patients (p0.05). Patients with MHO had a shorter duration of the existence of obesity than MS (18.7 vs. 24 years) (p=0.0004) and less likely to have attempted to reduce weight 85.8% and 91.6%. Average BMI, waist circumference, hip circumference, fasting glucose, total cholesterol, insulin basal, basal C-peptide, HOMA index in groups of MHO and MS differed significantly (p0.05). Median ALT was 20 and 23.2 U/l, AST 20 and 23 U/l, triglycerides 1.1 and 1.8 mmol/l, high-density lipoprotein 1.4 and 1.1 mmol/l, respectively. Conclusions. The MHO prevalence was maximal according to the MS definitions from 2005, and minimal with BioSHaRE-EU criteria. The main analyzed indicators differed significantly in groups MHO and MS. Longer obesity existence in the MS group may suggest an instability of MHO phenotype over time.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Epicardial Adipose Tissue Thickness and Serum Interleukin-17a Level in Patients with Isolated Metabolic Syndrome

Biomolecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esra Demir ◽  
Nazmiye Harmankaya ◽  
İrem Kıraç Utku ◽  
Gönül Açıksarı ◽  
Turgut Uygun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Epicardial Adipose Tissue ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Tissue Thickness ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Epicardial Adipose Tissue Thickness ◽  
The Relationship

In this study, it was aimed to investigate the relationship between the epicardial adipose tissue thickness (EATT) and serum IL-17A level insulin resistance in metabolic syndrome patients. This study enrolled a total of 160 subjects, of whom 80 were consecutive patients who applied to our outpatient clinic and were diagnosed with metabolic syndrome, and the other 80 were consecutive patients who were part of the control group with similar age and demographics in whom the metabolic syndrome was excluded. The metabolic syndrome diagnosis was made according to International Diabetes Federation (IDF)-2005 criteria. EATT was measured with transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) in the subjects. IL-17A serum levels were determined using the ELISA method. Fasting blood glucose, HDL, triglyceride, and fasting insulin levels were significantly higher in the metabolic syndrome group compared to the control group. In addition, the metabolic syndrome group had significantly higher high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and Homeostatic Model Assessment Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) levels than the control group. Similarly, serum IL-17A levels were significantly elevated in the metabolic syndrome group compared to the control group statistically (p < 0.001). As well, EATT was higher in the metabolic syndrome than the control group. Conclusion: By virtue of their proinflammatory properties, EATT and IL-17 may play an important role in the pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome.

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