Osmolal effects on vasopressin secretion in the streptozotocin-diabetic rat

1982 ◽  
Vol 242 (6) ◽  
pp. E411-E417 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. M. Van Itallie ◽  
J. D. Fernstrom
Keyword(s):  
Hypertonic Saline ◽  
Water Injection ◽  
Isotonic Saline ◽  
Passive Immunization ◽  
Urine Osmolality ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Serum Osmolality ◽  
Diabetic Rat ◽  
Steady State Levels

To determine the relationships between serum levels of arginine vasopressin (AVP) and serum osmolality and sodium in diabetic rats, we measured these variables in streptozotocin-diabetic and normal animals treated with water, isotonic saline, or hypertonic saline. Serum osmolality was higher and sodium lower in untreated diabetics than in controls; these variables increased in both groups after hypertonic saline. Serum AVP levels (measured by radioimmunoassay in Amberlite-extracted serum) were 2.3 +/- 0.5 and 9.8 +/- 1.7 pg/ml in control and diabetic rats, respectively, injected with isotonic saline. AFter injection of hypertonic saline, serum AVP levels rose to 14.5 +/- 2.3 pg/ml in controls and 18.7 +/- 1.7 pg/ml in diabetics. Water injection decreased serum AVP in diabetics (as in normals), but only to 5.8 +/- 1.0 pg/ml. To assess indirectly whether the chronically high levels of AVP in serum had an impact on kidney function, diabetic rats were studied after passive immunization with an anti-AVP serum. This treatment increased urine flow and decreased urine osmolality in dehydrated diabetic rats. Taken together, these data affirm in diabetic rats, as in humans, the occurrence of 1) elevated steady-state levels of AVP in serum; 2) abnormal sensitivity of AVP secretion to changes in serum sodium and osmolality; and 3) an apparently intact end-organ responsiveness to AVP.

scholarly journals Nicotine Exposure Exacerbates Development of Cataracts in a Type 1 Diabetic Rat Model

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nima Tirgan ◽  
Gabriela A. Kulp ◽  
Praveena Gupta ◽  
Adam Boretsky ◽  
Tomasz A. Wiraszka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rat Model ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Diabetic Rat ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Nicotine Treatment ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Diabetic Rat Model

Diabetes and smoking are known risk factors for cataract development. In this study, we evaluated the effect of nicotine on the progression of cataracts in a type 1 diabetic rat model. Diabetes was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats by a single injection of 65 mg/kg streptozotocin. Daily nicotine injections were administered subcutaneously. Forty-five rats were divided into groups of diabetics with and without nicotine treatment and controls with and without nicotine treatment. Progression of lens opacity was monitored using a slit lamp biomicroscope and scores were assigned. To assess whether systemic inflammation played a role in mediating cataractogenesis, we studied serum levels of eotaxin, IL-6, and IL-4. The levels of the measured cytokines increased significantly in nicotine-treated and untreated diabetic animals versus controls and demonstrated a positive trend in the nicotine-treated diabetic rats. Our data suggest the presence of a synergistic relationship between nicotine and diabetes that accelerated cataract formation via inflammatory mediators.

Altered pressure-volume relation of right atrium and venoatrial junction in diabetic rats

1992 ◽  
Vol 263 (4) ◽  
pp. H1017-H1020
Author(s):  
M. B. Patel ◽  
P. L. Zhang ◽  
A. C. Patel ◽  
K. P. Patel
Keyword(s):  
Right Atrium ◽  
Insulin Treatment ◽  
Isotonic Saline ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Diabetic Rat ◽  
Volume Loading ◽  
Additional Group ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Volume Relation ◽  
The Right

Previous studies have indicated a blunted volume reflex in diabetic rats. This alteration of the volume reflex may be due to differences in distensibility of the right atrium and venoatrial junction, which contain a large number of volume receptors. This study was designed to determine whether the distensibility of the right atrium and venoatrial junction is altered in the diabetic rat. The distensibility was assessed by measuring the stiffness constants [slope of pressure-volume (P-V) curve] of the right atrium and venoatrial junction in 2-wk streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. The P-V data of the right atrium and venoatrial junction were measured in control and diabetic rats over a range of 0-10 mmHg by infusion of isotonic saline in KCl-arrested, in situ hearts. Similar P-V data also were determined in an additional group of diabetic rats under daily insulin treatment, which normalized plasma glucose. The mean slope of the P-V curve of the right atrium and venoatrial junction in the diabetic rats was significantly greater than the mean slope of the control and insulin-treated diabetic rats. The results indicate that diabetic rats have stiffer right atria and venoatrial junctions, which may reduce stimulation of the volume receptors to acute volume loading. In addition, the increased stiffness in the diabetic rats was prevented by chronic insulin treatment. An altered afferent limb of the volume reflex in diabetic rats contributing to blunted diuretic and natriuretic responses to volume loading may be due to these documented changes in the distensibility of the right atrium and venoatrial junction.

scholarly journals Texture and bio-functional characteristics of a Chinese steamed bread prepared from lotus root powder partially replacing wheat flour

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyue Li ◽  
Yuqiu Guo ◽  
Lirong Chen ◽  
Kaichang Liu ◽  
Kuijie Gong
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Flour ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Fast Blood Glucose ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Diabetic Rat ◽  
Eating Quality ◽  
Chinese Steamed Bread ◽  
Lotus Root ◽  
Steamed Bread

AbstractMaking low GI of the Chinese steamed bread (CSB) with acceptable eating quality is a challenge. A CSB prepared from wheat flour partially substituted by lotus root powder (LRP) showed good prospects. RVA profile and texture profile were determined to evaluate the texture, while animal test were used to confirm the bio-functional attributes. The addition of LRP effectively changed the RVA profile of lotus-wheat incorporated flour (LWIF). CSB prepared from 30% LWIF showed acceptable eating quality with higher springiness, cohesiveness, and recovery while lower hardness. After 12 weeks of 30% LWIF administrating, the fast blood glucose of diabetic rat decreased from 17.6 to 5.8 mmol/L together with the reduction of serum TC, TG and LDL-C. The hepatic histopathological examination and serum levels changes of SOD, CAT and FFA confirmed LWIF could effectively protect the liver of the diabetic rats from damage caused by oxidative stress.

scholarly journals EFFICACY OF COSUPPLEMENTATION THERAPY WITH VITAMINS B9, B12, AND D ON ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION IN STREPTOZOTOCIN-INDUCED DIABETIC RATS

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 407
Author(s):  
Fakhria Al- Joufi ◽  
Mona A El- Bana ◽  
Ihab Tewfik ◽  
Mona Anwar
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Diabetic Rat ◽  
No Production ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Combined Supplementation

Objective: This study evaluated the effects of Vitamins D, B9, and B12 given individually or combined in ameliorating some biochemical parameters related to endothelial dysfunction in diabetic rats.Methods: A total of 50 Sprague-Dawley male rats were divided into five groups: Control, diabetic, diabetic received Vitamin D, diabetic received Vitamins B9 and B12, and diabetic received Vitamins B9, B12, and D. At the end of 6 weeks, the rats were sacrificed and a set of assays was carried out to determine: Fasting blood sugar (FBS), lipid profile, nitric oxide (NO), homocysteine (Hcy), malondialdehyde (MDA), and serum levels of Vitamins B9, B12, and D.Results: Diabetic rat received Vitamin D and diabetic rat received Vitamins B9 and B12 had a significant decline in the levels of FBS, lipid profile, and Hcy with reduced MDA (p<0.05) release but significant increase in NO level. On the same hand, diabetic rat received combined supplementation of Vitamins B9, B12, and D had more pronounced effect (p<0.00).Conclusion: Given these findings, the combined vitamins therapy had antiatherosclerotic effects by inhibiting lipid peroxidation and stimulating NO production, resulting in amelioration the endothelial dysfunction in diabetic rat.

scholarly journals Beneficial Effect ofCissus quadrangularisLinn. on Osteopenia Associated with Streptozotocin-Induced Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus in Male Wistar Rats

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Srinivasa Rao Sirasanagandla ◽  
Sreedhara Ranganath Pai Karkala ◽  
Bhagath Kumar Potu ◽  
Kumar M.R. Bhat
Keyword(s):  
Trabecular Bone ◽  
Bone Growth ◽  
Serum Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Diabetic Rat ◽  
Tartrate Resistant Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Cissus Quadrangularis ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Petroleum ether fraction ofCissus quadrangularis(PECQ) impact on the development of osteopenia in type 1 diabetic rat model has been evaluated. Diabetic rats were treated orally with two doses ofPECQ. Another group of diabetic rats were treated with subcutaneous injection of synthetic human insulin. The cortical and trabecular bone thickness and bone strength were significantly decreased in diabetic rats. Treatment with two doses ofPECQsignificantly prevented these changes in diabetic rats. However,PECQtreatment (two doses) did not alter the glycemic levels in these diabetic rats. Increased levels of serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), and hydroxyproline were noted in diabetic rats when compared to normal control rats. The two doses ofPECQtreatment further improved the serum ALP levels and significantly decreased the serum levels of TRAP and hydroxyproline. The effects ofPECQtreatment on histological, biomechanical, and biochemical parameters are comparable to those of insulin. SincePECQimproves the bone health in hyperglycemic conditions by enhancing the cortical and trabecular bone growth and altering the circulating bone markers, it could be used as an effective therapy against diabetes-associated bone disorders.

Osmoregulation of vasopressin secretion in the insulin-withdrawn streptozotocin-treated diabetic rat

1989 ◽  
Vol 123 (3) ◽  
pp. 413-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Charlton ◽  
C. J. Thompson ◽  
J. M. Palmer ◽  
S. Thornton ◽  
P. H. Baylis
Keyword(s):  
Hypertonic Saline ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
The Other ◽  
Diabetic Rat ◽  
Plasma Sodium ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Vasopressin Secretion

ABSTRACT To investigate whether hyperglycaemic ketoacidotic diabetic rats continue to osmoregulate the secretion of arginine vasopressin (AVP), male Wistar rats were injected with streptozotocin (150 mg/kg body weight). Rats rendered diabetic were maintained on protamine–zinc insulin (PZI) for 11 days (insulin-treated rats; n = 35), after which PZI was withdrawn for 72 h in half the rats (insulin-withdrawn rats). Insulin-withdrawn and -treated rats were divided into two groups; one was injected i.p. with distilled water (20 ml/kg) and the other with hypertonic saline (500 mmol NaCl/l; 20 ml/kg), and killed 30 min after injection. Insulin-withdrawn rats (water loaded and osmotically stimulated) were hyperglycaemic (16·5 ± 0·8 and 16·5 ± 0·9 mmol glucose/l respectively) and ketotic (2077 ± 664 and 1474 ± 170 μmol acetoacetate/l respectively). Insulin-treated rats were euglycaemic and non-ketotic. Osmotic manipulation caused similar changes in plasma sodium in both insulin-withdrawn and -treated rats. Plasma AVP was low in the water-loaded rats (0·6 ± 0·1 and 4·5 ± 0·9 pmol/l in the insulin-treated and -withdrawn rats respectively) and increased in rats injected with hypertonic saline (1·2 ± 1·8 and 35·2 ± 17·9 pmol/l respectively). There was no evidence of hypotension and hypovolaemia in any group of rats. Linear regression analysis defined the functions: plasma AVP = 2·56 (plasma Na – 141), r = +0·63, P < 0·01 for hyperglycaemic ketotic rats; plasma AVP = 0·83 (plasma Na – 146), r = +0·78, P < 0·001 for insulin-treated animals. The slopes and abscissal intercepts were significantly (P < 0·05) different. We conclude that the hyperglycaemic ketotic diabetic rat retains the ability to osmoregulate AVP secretion. Journal of Endocrinology (1989) 123, 413–419

scholarly journals Puerarin Improves Diabetic Aorta Injury by Inhibiting NADPH Oxidase-Derived Oxidative Stress in STZ-Induced Diabetic Rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenping Li ◽  
Wenwen Zhao ◽  
Qin Wu ◽  
Yuanfu Lu ◽  
Jingshan Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nadph Oxidase ◽  
Colorimetric Assay ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Rat Aorta ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Diabetic Rat ◽  
Positive Staining ◽  
Glucose Levels

Objective.Puerarin is a natural flavonoid isolated from the TCM lobed kudzuvine root. This study investigated the effect and mechanisms of puerarin on diabetic aorta in rats.Methods.Streptozotocin- (STZ-) induced diabetic rats were administered with puerarin for 3 weeks. Levels of serum insulin (INS), PGE2, endothelin (ET), glycated hemoglobin (GHb), H2O2, and nitric oxide (NO) in rats were measured by ELISA and colorimetric assay kits. The aortas were stained with H&E. Moreover, the mRNA expression of ICAM-1, LOX-1, NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2), and NOX4 and the protein expression of ICAM-1, LOX-1, NF-κB p65, E-selectin, NOX2, and NOX4 in aorta tissues were measured by real-time PCR and Western blot, respectively. The localization of ICAM-1, NF-κB p65, NOX2, and NOX4 in the aorta tissues was also determined through immunohistochemistry.Results.Puerarin treatment exerted no effect on fasting blood glucose levels but significantly reduced the serum levels of INS, GHb, PGE2, ET, H2O2, and NO. In addition, puerarin improved the pathological alterations and inhibited the expression of ICAM-1, LOX-1, NOX2, and NOX4 at both mRNA and protein levels. Puerarin also significantly reduced the number of cells showing positive staining for ICAM-1, NOX2, NOX4, and NF-κB p65.Conclusion.Puerarin demonstrated protective effect on the STZ-induced diabetic rat aorta. The protective mechanisms may include regulation of NF-κB and inhibition of NOX2 and NOX4 followed by inhibition of cell adhesion molecule expression.

Anti-diabetic activity of diphenhydramine in diabetic rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 5067-5070
Author(s):  
Pang Jyh Chayng ◽  
Nurul Ain ◽  
Kaswandi Md Ambia ◽  
Rahim Md Noah
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Blood Glucose Level ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Insulin Level ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Diabetic Rat ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group I

The purpose of this project is to study the anti-diabetic effect of on a diabetic rat model. A total of Twenty male Sprague rats were used and it randomly distributed into four groups which are Group I: , Group II: negative control, Group III: and Group IV: and . In diabetic model were induced with via injection at the dosage of 65mg/kg. and FBG (Fasting Blood Glucose) level of diabetic rats were assessed every three days. Blood was collected via cardiac puncture at day 21 after the induction of treatment. Insulin level of the rats was assessed with the Mercodia Rat Insulin ELISA kit. FBG level of group I (12.16 ±3.96, p&lt;0.05) and group IV (11.34 ±3.67, p&lt;0.05) were significantly decreased. Meanwhile, the for all rats did not show any significant increase. However, the insulin level was escalated in group IV (0.74+0.25, p&lt;0.05) significantly. The present study shows that the and the combination of and lowered blood glucose level and enhanced insulin secretion.

Serum levels of insulin and leptin in lipoic acid- treated and nontreated experimentally diabetic rats

2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-95
Author(s):  
M. A. Kandeil ◽  
K. A. Amin ◽  
K. M. A. Hassanin ◽  
K. M. Ali ◽  
Eman T. Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Lipoic Acid ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Diabetic Rats

Antidyslipidemic and Antioxidant Activities of Matricaria pubescens (Desf.) Shultz.in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayoub Amssayef ◽  
Bouchra Azzaou ◽  
Mohammed Ajebli ◽  
Mohamed Eddouks
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Favorable Effect ◽  
Lipoprotein Profile ◽  
Phytochemical Compounds ◽  
Asteraceae Family

Aims: The study aimed to evaluate the antihyperlipidemic and antioxidant activities of Matricaria pubescens. Background: Matricaria pubescens (Desf.) Shultz belongs to Asteraceae family and it is commonly used traditionally for handling diabetes mellitus. Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the antioxidant activity of Matricaria pubescens (Desf.) Shultz and its effect on lipid and lipoprotein profile in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Methods: The effect of repeated (7 days of treatment) oral administration of the aqueous extract of aerial part of Matricaria pubescens (MPAE) at a dose of 40 mg/kg on lipid and lipoprotein profile was examined in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Furthermore, a preliminary phytochemical screening and the quantification of phenolic, flavonoid and tannin contents as well as the antioxidant activity using two methods (FRAP and ABTS) were carried out. Results: MPAE demonstrated a potent antidyslipidemic effect in diabetic rats by reducing serum levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL). In addition, the results showed that the extract is rich in several phytochemical compounds and revealed an important antioxidant activity. Conclusion: In summary, this study proved that Matricaria pubescens (Desf.) Shultz. has a favorable effect on diabetic dyslipidemia.

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