Intestinal responsiveness to experimental colitis in young rats is altered by maternal diet

2005 ◽  
Vol 289 (1) ◽  
pp. G13-G20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevan Jacobson ◽  
Harmeet Mundra ◽  
Sheila M. Innis
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Maternal Diet ◽  
Experimental Colitis ◽  
Distal Colon ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Safflower Oil ◽  
Milk Fatty Acids ◽  
High Oleic ◽  
Fat Composition

Increasing evidence suggests that fetal and neonatal nutrition impacts later health. Aims of the present study were to determine the effect of maternal dietary fat composition on intestinal phospholipid fatty acids and responsiveness to experimental colitis in suckling rat pups. Female rats were fed isocaloric diets varying only in fat composition throughout gestation and lactation. The oils used were high (8%) in n-3 [canola oil (18:3n-3)], n-6 (72%) [safflower oil (18:2n-6)], or n-9 (78%) [high oleic acid safflower oil (18:1n-9)] fatty acids, n = 6/group. Colitis was induced on postnatal day 15 by intrarectal 2,4-dinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (DNBS) administration with vehicle (50% ethanol) and procedure (0.9% saline) controls. Jejunal and colonic phospholipids and milk fatty acids were determined. The distal colon was assessed for macroscopic damage, histology, and MPO activity. The 18:2n-6 maternal diet increased n-6 fatty acids, whereas the 18:3n-3 diet increased n-3 fatty acids in milk and pup jejunal and colonic phospholipids. Maternal diet, milk, and pup intestinal n-6-to-n-3 fatty acid ratios increased significantly in order: high 18:3n-3 < high 18:1n-9 < high 18:2n-6. DNBS administration in pups in the high 18:2n-6 group led to severe colitis with higher colonic damage scores and MPO activity than in the 18:1n-9 and 18:3n-3 groups. High maternal dietary 18:3n-3 intake was associated with colonic damage scores and MPO activity, which were not significantly different from ethanol controls. We demonstrate that maternal dietary fat influences the composition of intestinal lipids and responsiveness to experimental colitis in nursing offspring.

Perinatal lipid nutrition alters early intestinal development and programs the response to experimental colitis in young adult rats

2010 ◽  
Vol 299 (6) ◽  
pp. G1376-G1385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheila M. Innis ◽  
Chuanbin Dai ◽  
Xiujuan Wu ◽  
Alison M. J. Buchan ◽  
Kevan Jacobson
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Maternal Diet ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Experimental Colitis ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Intestinal Development ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Regulate Gene Expression

The long-chain polyunsaturated n-6 and n-3 fatty acids are essential nutrients in membrane biogenesis and regulate gene expression via their eicosanoid metabolites. We investigated whether the n-6 and n-3 fatty acid supply as determined by maternal diet alters colonic phospholipid fatty acids, intestinal morphology, and epithelial barrier permeability during milk feeding with lasting effect on mucosal responsiveness to dinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (DNBS)-induced colitis in young adulthood. Female rats were fed diets with 20% energy from safflower oil (SO) or canola oil (CO), or 8% fish oil (FO) plus 2% SO (10% FO) or 18% FO plus 2% SO (20% FO) throughout gestation and lactation and offspring weaned to a standard diet at 21 days of age. At 15 days of age, pups in the 20% and 10% FO groups had lower 20:4n-6 and higher 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3 in colon phospholipids ( P < 0.01), shorter crypts ( P < 0.05), and higher paracellular permeability than SO or CO groups. At 3 mo of age, male offspring in the FO groups showed lasting reduction of crypt depth and a heightened inflammatory response to DNBS. We demonstrate that early decreased colon 20:4n-6 with increased n-3 fatty acids impairs intestinal barrier development and sensitizes the colon response to inflammatory insults later in life.

scholarly journals Influence of sulfonated and diet-derived human milk oligosaccharides on the infant microbiome and immune markers

2020 ◽  
Vol 295 (12) ◽  
pp. 4035-4048 ◽  
Author(s):  
Candice Quin ◽  
Sara D. Vicaretti ◽  
Nina A Mohtarudin ◽  
Alexander M. Garner ◽  
Deanna M. Vollman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Maternal Diet ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
Human Milk Oligosaccharides ◽  
Immune Markers ◽  
Milk Oligosaccharides ◽  
Milk Fatty Acids

Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) promote the development of the neonatal intestinal, immune, and nervous systems and has recently received considerable attention. Here we investigated how the maternal diet affects HMO biosynthesis and how any diet-induced HMO alterations influence the infant gut microbiome and immunity. Using capillary electrophoresis and MS-based analyses, we extracted and measured HMOs from breast milk samples and then correlated their levels with results from validated 24-h diet recall surveys and breast milk fatty acids. We found that fruit intake and unsaturated fatty acids in breast milk were positively correlated with an increased absolute abundance of numerous HMOs, including 16 sulfonated HMOs we identified here in humans for the first time. The diet-derived monosaccharide 5-N-glycolyl-neuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) was unambiguously detected in all samples. To gain insights into the potential impact of Neu5Gc on the infant microbiome, we used a constrained ordination approach and identified correlations between Neu5Gc levels and Bacteroides spp. in infant stool. However, Neu5Gc was not associated with marked changes in infant immune markers, in contrast with sulfonated HMOs, whose expression correlated with suppression of two major Th2 cytokines, IL-10 and IL-13. The findings of our work highlight the importance of maternal diet for HMO biosynthesis and provide as yet unexplored targets for future studies investigating interactions between HMOs and the intestinal microbiome and immunity in infants.

Maternal dietary fat alters amniotic fluid and fetal intestinal membrane essential n-6 and n-3 fatty acids in the rat

2006 ◽  
Vol 290 (3) ◽  
pp. G505-G510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell Friesen ◽  
Sheila M. Innis
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Amniotic Fluid ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Intestinal Membrane ◽  
Fetal Intestine ◽  
Deficient Group

We investigated whether maternal fat intake alters amniotic fluid and fetal intestine phospholipid n-6 and n-3 fatty acids. Female rats were fed a 20% by weight diet from fat with 20% linoleic acid (LA; 18:2n-6) and 8% α-linolenic acid (ALA; 18:3n-3) (control diet, n = 8) or 72% LA and 0.2% ALA (n-3 deficient diet, n = 7) from 2 wk before and then throughout gestation. Amniotic fluid and fetal intestine phospholipid fatty acids were analyzed at day 19 gestation using HPLC and gas-liquid chromotography. Amniotic fluid had significantly lower docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6n-3) and higher docosapentaenoic acid (DPA; 22:5n-6) levels in the n-3-deficient group than in the control group (DHA: 1.29 ± 0.10 and 6.29 ± 0.33 g/100 g fatty acid; DPA: 4.01 ± 0.35 and 0.73 ± 0.15 g/100 g fatty acid, respectively); these differences in DHA and DPA were present in amniotic fluid cholesterol esters and phosphatidylcholine (PC). Fetal intestines in the n-3-deficient group had significantly higher LA, arachidonic acid (20:4n-6), and DPA levels; lower eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 20:5n-3) and DHA levels in PC; and significantly higher DPA and lower EPA and DHA levels in phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) than in the control group; the n-6-to-n-3 fatty acid ratio was 4.9 ± 0.2 and 32.2 ± 2.1 in PC and 2.4 ± 0.03 and 17.1 ± 0.21 in PE in n-3-deficient and control group intestines, respectively. We demonstrate that maternal dietary fat influences amniotic fluid and fetal intestinal membrane structural lipid essential fatty acids. Maternal dietary fat can influence tissue composition by manipulation of amniotic fluid that is swallowed by the fetus or by transport across the placenta.

scholarly journals Formulation of Zero-Trans Crystalized Fats Produced from Palm Stearin and High Oleic Safflower Oil Blends

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Nydia E. Buitimea-Cantúa ◽  
María Guadalupe Salazar-García ◽  
Reyna Luz Vidal-Quintanar ◽  
Sergio O. Serna-Saldívar ◽  
Refugio Ortega-Ramirez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Palm Stearin ◽  
Safflower Oil ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
High Oleic ◽  
Oil Blends ◽  
Omega 6 ◽  
Blending Process ◽  
Oleic Safflower

High intake of trans fat is associated with several chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease and cancer. Fat blends, produced by direct blending process of palm stearin (PS) with high oleic safflower oil (HOSO) in different concentrations, were investigated. The effects of the PS addition (50, 70, or 90%) and the rate of agitation (RA) (1000, 2000, or 3000 rpm) on physical properties, fatty acid profile (FAP), trans fatty acids (TFA), crystal structure, and consistency were researched. The blend containing 50% of each sort of oil (50% PS/50% HOSO) showed that melting point and features were similar to the control shortening. The saturated fatty acids (SFA) were higher followed by monounsaturated (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). Significant differences in the content of palmitic and oleic acids among blends were observed. The 50% PS/50% HOSO blend contained higher oleic acid (42.9%) whereas the 90% PS/10% HOSO was higher in palmitic acid (56.9%). The blending of PS/HOSO promoted the β crystal polymorphic forms. The direct blending process of equal amounts of PS and HOSO was an adequate strategy to formulate a new zero-trans crystallized vegetable fats with characteristics similar to commercial counterparts with well-balanced fats rich in both omega 3 and omega 6 fatty acids.

scholarly journals Human milk: maternal dietary lipids and infant development

2007 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 397-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheila M. Innis
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Infant Development ◽  
Infant Nutrition ◽  
Membrane Lipids ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Maternal Diet ◽  
Dietary Lipids ◽  
Milk Fatty Acids

Human milk provides all the dietary essential fatty acids, linoleic acid (LA; 18:2n-6) and α-linolenic acid (18:3n-3), as well as their longer-chain more-unsaturated metabolites, including arachidonic acid (20:4n-6) and DHA (22:6n-3) to support the growth and development of the breast-fed infant. Human milk levels of LA have increased in Westernized nations from mean levels (g/100 g total fatty acids) of 6 to 12–16 over the last century, paralleling the increase in dietary intake of LA-rich vegetable oils. DHA levels (g/100 g total milk fatty acids) vary from <0·1 to >1% and are lowest in countries in which the intake of DHA from fish and other animal tissue lipids is low. The role of DHA in infant nutrition is of particular importance because DHA is accumulated specifically in the membrane lipids of the brain and retina, where it is important to visual and neural function. An important question is the extent to which many human diets that contain low amounts of n-3 fatty acids may compromise human development. The present paper reviews current knowledge on maternal diet and human milk fatty acids, the implications of maternal diet as the only source of essential fatty acids for infant development both before and after birth, and recent studies addressing the maternal intakes and milk DHA levels associated with risk of low infant neural system maturation.

scholarly journals The effect of ruminal fluid pH on milk fatty acids composition in cattle

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jolanta Komisarek ◽  
Barbara Stefańska ◽  
Włodzimierz Nowak
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Milk Fatty Acids ◽  
Ruminal Fluid ◽  
Ruminal Ph ◽  
Rumen Ph ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Fat Composition

Abstract The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of ruminal fluid pH on the fatty acids (FA) profile of bovine milk. The experiment was performed on 250 Polish Holstein-Friesian cows reared in 11 commercial high-yielding dairy farms. Ruminal fluid samples were collected by rumenocentesis, and fat and FA concentrations in milk were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. According to ruminal fluid pH, cows were categorized into three pH groups: high pH (pH > 5.8), moderate pH (pH 5.8–5.6), and low pH (pH < 5.6). Milk produced by low-rumen pH cows had a decreased fat content as compared to milk from moderate- and high-rumen pH cows (P ≤ 0.05). Moreover, milk from low-rumen pH cows was characterized by the lowest level of short-chain FA (SCFA; P ≤ 0.05), and consequently, the highest medium-chain FA to SCFA ratio (P ≤ 0.01). The regression analysis showed that these traits explained a small proportion of rumen pH variance, which makes them unreliable indicators of subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) in dairy cows. However, despite the extensive variability in milk fat composition observed in this study, the effect of ruminal pH on SCFA in all the analyzed herds showed the same trend. Future research aimed to identify SARA biomarkers should therefore be conducted using techniques that allow detection of more individual FA in milk, including SCFA.

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