Fatty acids differentially regulate insulin resistance through endoplasm reticulum stress-mediated induction of tribbles homologue 3: a potential link between dietary fat composition and the pathophysiological outcomes of obesity

Diabetologia ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 56 (9) ◽  
pp. 2078-2087 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Geng ◽  
W. Hu ◽  
M. H. Broadwater ◽  
J. M. Snider ◽  
J. Bielawski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Potential Link ◽  
Fat Composition ◽  
Endoplasm Reticulum

Influence of Dietary Fat Composition on Development of Insulin Resistance in Rats: Relationship to Muscle Triglyceride and  -3 Fatty Acids in Muscle Phospholipid

Diabetes ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 280-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. H. Storlien ◽  
A. B. Jenkins ◽  
D. J. Chisholm ◽  
W. S. Pascoe ◽  
S. Khouri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Muscle Phospholipid ◽  
Fat Composition ◽  
Muscle Triglyceride

Intestinal responsiveness to experimental colitis in young rats is altered by maternal diet

2005 ◽  
Vol 289 (1) ◽  
pp. G13-G20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevan Jacobson ◽  
Harmeet Mundra ◽  
Sheila M. Innis
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Maternal Diet ◽  
Experimental Colitis ◽  
Distal Colon ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Safflower Oil ◽  
Milk Fatty Acids ◽  
High Oleic ◽  
Fat Composition

Increasing evidence suggests that fetal and neonatal nutrition impacts later health. Aims of the present study were to determine the effect of maternal dietary fat composition on intestinal phospholipid fatty acids and responsiveness to experimental colitis in suckling rat pups. Female rats were fed isocaloric diets varying only in fat composition throughout gestation and lactation. The oils used were high (8%) in n-3 [canola oil (18:3n-3)], n-6 (72%) [safflower oil (18:2n-6)], or n-9 (78%) [high oleic acid safflower oil (18:1n-9)] fatty acids, n = 6/group. Colitis was induced on postnatal day 15 by intrarectal 2,4-dinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (DNBS) administration with vehicle (50% ethanol) and procedure (0.9% saline) controls. Jejunal and colonic phospholipids and milk fatty acids were determined. The distal colon was assessed for macroscopic damage, histology, and MPO activity. The 18:2n-6 maternal diet increased n-6 fatty acids, whereas the 18:3n-3 diet increased n-3 fatty acids in milk and pup jejunal and colonic phospholipids. Maternal diet, milk, and pup intestinal n-6-to-n-3 fatty acid ratios increased significantly in order: high 18:3n-3 < high 18:1n-9 < high 18:2n-6. DNBS administration in pups in the high 18:2n-6 group led to severe colitis with higher colonic damage scores and MPO activity than in the 18:1n-9 and 18:3n-3 groups. High maternal dietary 18:3n-3 intake was associated with colonic damage scores and MPO activity, which were not significantly different from ethanol controls. We demonstrate that maternal dietary fat influences the composition of intestinal lipids and responsiveness to experimental colitis in nursing offspring.

Association of dietary fat composition with cognitive performance and brain morphology in cognitively healthy individuals

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Silke Matura ◽  
David Prvulovic ◽  
Nina Mohadjer ◽  
Fabian Fusser ◽  
Viola Oertel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Brain Morphology ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Pufa Ratio ◽  
Fat Composition

Abstract Background: Dietary lipids (omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3) PUFAs) and saturated fatty acids (SFA) seem to play an important role in brain health. (n-3) PUFAs have been shown to improve cerebral perfusion and to promote synaptogenesis. In this study, we investigated the relationship between dietary fat composition, cognitive performance and brain morphology in cognitively healthy individuals. Methods: A total of 101 cognitively healthy participants (age: 42.3 ± 21.3 years, 62 females) were included in this study. Verbal memory was assessed using the California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT). Intake of (n-3) PUFA and SFA was calculated from food-frequency questionnaire-derived data (EPIC-FFQ). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data were obtained (Siemens Trio 3T scanner) and grey matter volumes (GMV) were assessed by voxel-based morphometry (VBM/SPM8). We examined the association of SFA/(n-3) PUFA ratio and memory performance as well as GMV using regression models adjusted for age, sex, education, body mass index, apolipoprotein E (APOE) status and alcohol consumption. For VBM data, a multiple regression analysis was performed using the same covariates as mentioned before with intracranial volume as an additional covariate. Results: A high SFA/(n-3) PUFA ratio was significantly (p < 0.05) correlated with poorer verbal memory performance and with lower GMV in areas of the left prefrontal cortex that support memory processes. Conclusions: These findings suggest that a diet rich in PUFAs is likely to exert favourable effects on brain morphology in brain areas important for memory and executive functions. This could constitute a possible mechanism for maintaining cognitive health in older age.

scholarly journals The Association of Serum Levels of Leptin and Ghrelin with the Dietary Fat Content in Non-Obese Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2753
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Maria Polak ◽  
Anna Krentowska ◽  
Agnieszka Łebkowska ◽  
Angelika Buczyńska ◽  
Marcin Adamski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Serum Leptin ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
Serum Ghrelin

Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are at an increased risk of developing insulin resistance and abdominal obesity in the state of an improper diet balance. Leptin is a peptide considered to be a satiety hormone that plays an important role in the long-term energy balance, whereas ghrelin is a hormone that controls short-term appetite regulation and is considered a hunger hormone. The aim of the present study was to assess the relationship between serum leptin and ghrelin concentrations and the dietary macronutrient content in PCOS women. We examined 73 subjects: 39 women diagnosed with PCOS by the Rotterdam criteria and 34 healthy controls, matched by the body mass index. The subjects completed a consecutive three-day dietary diary to identify the macronutrient and micronutrient intake. Serum concentrations of leptin and total ghrelin were measured and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated. The studied groups did not differ significantly in terms of the intake of macronutrients (proteins, fats, and carbohydrates) and serum concentrations of ghrelin and leptin (all p > 0.05). In the PCOS group, the serum leptin concentration positively correlated with the intake of total fat (r = 0.36, p = 0.02), total cholesterol (r = −0.36, p = 0.02), saturated fatty acids (r = 0.43, p < 0.01), and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) (r = 0.37, p = 0.02), whereas the serum ghrelin concentration correlated in an inverse manner with the intake of total fat (r = −0.37, p = 0.02), MUFA (r = −0.37, p = 0.02), polyunsaturated fatty acids (r = −0.34, p = 0.03), and long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (r = −0.38, p = 0.02). In this group, we also found a negative association of HOMA-IR with serum ghrelin levels (r = −0.4, p = 0.03) and a positive relationship with the serum leptin concentration (r = 0.5, p < 0.01) and relationships between HOMA-IR and total dietary fat (r = 0.38, p = 0.03) and MUFA (r = 0.35, p = 0.04) intake. In PCOS women, dietary components such as the total fat and type of dietary fat and HOMA-IR are positively connected to serum leptin concentrations and negatively connected to serum ghrelin concentrations, which may influence the energy balance.

scholarly journals Acute-on-chronic effects of fatty acids on intestinal triacylglycerol-rich lipoprotein metabolism

2002 ◽  
Vol 88 (6) ◽  
pp. 661-669 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene L. Black ◽  
Helen M. Roche ◽  
Anne-Marie Tully ◽  
Michael J. Gibney
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Cell Model ◽  
Lipoprotein Metabolism ◽  
Chronic Effects ◽  
Fat Composition

Postprandial triacylglycerol (TAG) metabolism is an important metabolic state that has been associated with cardiovascular disease. The magnitude of the postprandial TAG response is determined by dietary fat composition, which alters intestinal and hepatic TAG-rich lipoprotein (TRL) metabolism. Caco-2 cell monolayers are morphologically and physiologically similar to the human intestinal enterocytes, hence they are a good model to study intestinal lipoprotein metabolism. To date only the acute effect of fatty acid composition on intestinal TRL metabolism in Caco-2 cells has been investigated. Little is known of the effect of habitual, or chronic, dietary fat composition on intestinal TRL metabolism. Using the Caco-2 cell model, the present study investigated the acute-on-chronic effect of fatty acid composition on TRL metabolism. Caco-2 cells were grown in the presence of 0·05 mM-PALMITIC ACID (PA; 16 : 0), -OLEIC ACID (OA; 18 : 1N-9),-EICOSAPENTAENOIC ACID (EPA; 20 : 5N-3) OR NO FATTY ACID (CONTROL) FOR 19 D, THEN ONE OF FOUR ACUTE TREATMENTS (CONTROL (BOVINE SERUM ALBUMIN (BSA; 5 G/L)) OR BSA (5 G/L) PLUS 0·5 Mm-PA, -OA or -EPA) were administered for 22 h. Significant acute×chronic interactions for the effect of fatty acid composition on cellular TAG:secretedde novoTAG, and cellularde novoTAG:de novophospholipid were observed. Thus the effect of a fatty acid was determined by the duration of exposure to the fatty acid intervention. Acute PA treatment increasedde novoTAG synthesis, but chronic PA supplementation did not. Acute and chronic OA treatments increasedde novoTAG secretion. For EPA, chronic supplementation had the greatest effect on TAG synthesis and secretion. The acute-on-chronic effects of fatty acids on apolipoprotein B metabolism were relatively minor compared with the changes noted for TRL lipid composition. The present study shows that the Caco-2 cell model is valuable for studying intestinal TRL metabolism and that fatty acids modulate this process, the nature of which can be determined by the length of exposure of the cell to the fatty acid.

scholarly journals Optimal macronutrient balance

1999 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 421-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Gibney
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Optimum Level ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Fat Composition ◽  
Fat Diets

There is at present a justifiable debate as to the optimum level of total dietary fat which will reduce the risk of obesity without an elevation of plasma triacylglycerol or a depression of plasma HDL-cholesterol. Total plasma cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol levels are lowered and risk of fatal myocardial infarction is lowered when either saturated or trans-unsaturated fatty acids are replaced isoenergetically by either monounsaturated or polyunsaturated fatty acids. The triacylglycerol-raising and HDL-lowering effects of low-fat high-carbohydrate diets can be over-come with low intakes of n−3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and moderate exercise. Whilst a reduction in dietary fat is being attained in many countries, the reduction is uniform across all fatty acids, leaving dietary fat composition unchanged. The ability of low-fat diets to reduce cholesterol and cause a fall in body weight is not influenced by the carbohydrate ratio starch: sugars in the diet. However, weight-gain susceptibility to high intakes of dietary fat and the plasma cholesterol responsiveness to diet are considerably influenced by common genetic polymorphisms.

Improvement of Dry-cured Iberian Ham Quality Characteristics Through Modifications of Dietary Fat Composition and Supplementation with Vitamin E

2005 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 327-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Ruiz ◽  
L. de la Hoz ◽  
B. Isabel ◽  
A. I. Rey ◽  
Argimiro Daza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Quality Characteristics ◽  
Tocopheryl Acetate ◽  
Oxidation Test ◽  
Neutral And Polar Lipids ◽  
Fat Composition ◽  
Vitamin E Supplementation

The effects of dietary fat composition and vitamin E supplementation on the quality characteristics of dry-cured Iberian hams ripened for two years were studied. Thirty Iberian Duroc pigs were fed diets containing three levels of poly and monounsaturated fatty acids. Within each dietary fat treatment, one group was fed a basal level of vitamin E (20mg α-tocopheryl acetate/kg diet) and the other group received a supplemented level (200mg α-tocopheryl acetate/kg diet). Dietary fat composition significantly affected total saturated fatty acids content of neutral and polar lipids from dry-cured Iberian ham ( p 0.012 and p 0.003, respectively). However, diet fatty acids composition did not influence either total monounsaturated or total polyunsaturated fatty acids of neutral and polar lipids. Vitamin E supplementation significantly enhanced dry-cured Iberian ham α-tocopherol content ( p 0.001). This, in turn, led to significantly lower levels of TBARS on days 6 and 9 of storage in slices from dry-cured Iberian hams made of vitamin E supplemented pigs and also lower oxidation levels in an induced lipid oxidation test in samples from those pigs. Dietary fatty acid composition did not significantly affect either TBARS during slices storage or malonaldehyde content in the induced oxidation test. No effect of vitamin E supplementation was observed in ham volatile aldehyde profile, but dietary fat significantly affected hexanal ( p 0.02), heptanal ( p 0.05) and total aldehyde content ( p 0.02), with those pigs fed a diet rich in PUFA showing higher values. Using diets supplemented in α-tocopherol and rich in monounsaturated fatty acids seemed adequate dietary strategies for feeding Iberian hams reared indoors.

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