Enhanced myocardial depression in diabetic rats during E. coli sepsis

1987 ◽  
Vol 253 (2) ◽  
pp. H276-H282
Author(s):  
K. H. McDonough ◽  
R. W. Barbee ◽  
C. Dobrescu ◽  
C. H. Lang ◽  
J. J. Spitzer
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Cardiac Performance ◽  
Diabetic Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Glucose Load ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Abnormal Response

The aim of this study was to determine whether diabetes enhanced the sensitivity of the myocardium to the deleterious effects of in vivo-administered Escherichia coli. Diabetes was induced in two groups of animals. One group received 70 mg/kg streptozotocin (iv) and exhibited a severe diabetes with elevated fasting and fed blood glucose concentrations and a markedly abnormal response to an oral glucose load. The second group received 45 mg/kg streptozotocin, was mildly diabetic (termed “latent” diabetes), and was characterized by normal fasting blood glucose but slightly elevated fed blood glucose and an abnormal response to a glucose load. A third group of rats received vehicle and served as time-matched control animals. Four weeks after induction of diabetes, all animals were catheterized under ether anesthesia and some received intraperitoneal injections of live E. coli. In vitro myocardial performance was assessed using the isolated, perfused working heart preparation. Ventricular function curves were generated by changing left atrial filling pressure and measuring changes in heart rate, cardiac output, and aortic peak systolic pressure. Cardiac performance in the severe diabetic group was depressed at the highest preload but was unchanged at lower preloads. Function in the latent diabetic group was not different from control. Sepsis induced a slight decrease in cardiac performance in the control group and resulted in larger reductions in the latent and severe diabetic groups. A depression in aortic flow was the major consequence of sepsis in the latent diabetic group, whereas decreased coronary flow was the primary change in the severe diabetic group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

scholarly journals Antidiabetic and Antioxidant Activities of the Twigs of Andrograhis paniculata on Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Male Rats

BioChem ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 238-249
Author(s):  
Olubanke O. Ogunlana ◽  
Babatunde O. Adetuyi ◽  
Elohor F. Esalomi ◽  
Miracle I. Rotimi ◽  
Jacob O. Popoola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Group 2

Background: Diabetes is associated with chronic hyperglycaemia, long-term damage, dysfunction, and organ failure. This study aims to evaluate the antidiabetic activity of the twigs of Andrographis paniculata and its toxicological markers on Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic Albino rats. Methods: A total of thirty rats were randomly divided into five groups of six animals each. Non-diabetic animals were treated with distilled water as non-diabetic sham control group 1, while diabetic animals (group 2, 3, 4 and 5) were treated with 60 mg/kg bw STZ intravenous (iv) and 100 mg/kg body weight (bwt) of metformin orally for group 2, distilled water for group 3, and 250 and 500 mg/kg bwt of Andrograhis paniculata (A. paniculata) for groups 4 and 5, respectively. The animals were dosed for 28 days, after which they were sacrificed. Liver and kidney function tests as well as livid profile tests were used as the biomarkers of toxicological assessment. Fasting blood glucose was carried out weekly. Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) was conducted on the 28th day of the antidiabetic assessment. Results: A. paniculata groups 4 and 5 were significant at different doses (p < 0.05) in reducing the blood glucose level in comparison with metformin. There were significant changes in total and direct bilirubin, total protein, potassium, triglyceride and inorganic phosphorus in 500 mg/kg bwt of the treated group in comparison with the metformin and diabetic group groups. A. paniculata at 500 mg/kg bwt is most effective for its antidiabetic and organ protecting effects.

Psychiatric Aspects of Diabetes—a Physician's View

1981 ◽  
Vol 139 (6) ◽  
pp. 485-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. B. Tattersall
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Blood Glucose Level ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Common Factor ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Normal Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Glucose Load ◽  
Normal Glucose

A raised blood sugar level no more defines a single entity than does a raised bilirubin or a low haemoglobin. Diabetes is a heterogenous group of disorders whose only common factor is hyperglycaemia (Tattersallet al, 1980). The classification of diabetes is being revised, although the changes are of more relevance to epidemiologists than clinicians. Previous standards of normal glucose tolerance were set too low, so that some people were labelled diabetic who had no symptoms and have proved on follow-up not to be at risk of developing complications such as retinopathy (i.e. they had a non-disease). Epidemiological evidence suggests that the cut-off point for ‘true’ diabetes (i.e. a condition which leads to complications and shortening of life span) is a blood glucose level two hours after a 50 G oral glucose load of 11.1 mMol/L (National Diabetes Data Group, 1979). This corresponds to a fasting blood glucose level of 7 mMol/L or below. Hence, a single blood glucose value, either in the fasting state or two hours after a 50 G glucose load, is enough to diagnose diabetes and glucose tolerance tests should hardly ever be necessary.

The Effect of Starvation and Diabetes on Glycolytic Enzymes in Human Adipose Tissue

1971 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 545-553 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Galton ◽  
J. P. D. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Marked Decrease ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Human Adipose Tissue ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Oral Glucose Load ◽  
Glucose Load ◽  
And Control

1. The activities of hexokinase (EC 2.7.1.1) and phosphofructokinase (EC 2.7.1.11) have been studied in homogenates of adipose tissue taken from human diabetics, fasting and control patients. 2. Three isoenzymes of hexokinase were observed with apparent Km values for glucose of 1.04 × 10-5 m, 2.6 × 10-4 m and 2.9 × 10-4 m, respectively. 3. No change in activity of hexokinase was found in adipose tissue of untreated diabetics (n = 22), treated diabetics (n = 13) or non-diabetic controls. However, fasting was associated with a decrease of approx. 40% in the activity of hexokinase in adipose tissue. 4. In contrast, there was a marked decrease in the activity of phosphofructokinase in adipose tissue from untreated diabetics (n = 24) which was restored to normal by either insulin therapy or treatment by hypoglycaemic drugs. 5. There was a negative correlation between the phosphofructokinase/hexokinase ratio in adipose tissue and the fasting blood glucose (P = 0.01) and the 2 h blood glucose (P = 0.03) after an oral glucose load (50 g). 6. The functional significance of the changes in enzyme activities is discussed in relation to the glucose intolerance of diabetes.

scholarly journals Physical Exercise and Glucose Tolerance in Nigerian University Students

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 432-438
Author(s):  
EO Taiwo ◽  
LO Thanni
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
University Students ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Oral Glucose Load ◽  
Glucose Load ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
The Mean

Background: Studying post-prandial fluctuations in blood glucose has high physiological and clinical relevance. Physical exercise is known to influence this fluctuation. Objectives: To determine the gender difference in glucose tolerance following physical exercise in a population of university students. Methods: A total of 146 students were randomly selected from the Olabisi Onabanjo University, Sagamu, Ogun State, southwest Nigeria. Following overnight fast, Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) was carried out. Pre-exercise, fasting blood glucose (FBG) was measured at 0 mins, and after oral glucose load of 75 grams at 30 minutes intervals for 2 hours. The physical exercise involved cycling using a bicycle ergometer for an hour. Thereafter, OGTT was conducted again 1 hour post-exercise. Results: The ages of the subjects ranged from 20 years to 49 years. There were 73 (50.0%) females. The mean Body Mass Index (BMI) of 23.5±1.1 kg/m2 for females was comparable to 22.8±0.3 kg/m2 for the males (p = 0.571). Seven (9.6%) females were obese compared to 2 (2.7%) males. The mean post-prandial blood glucose increased from 71.6±1.6 mg/dl to 90.8±1.8 mg/dl after oral glucose load and thereafter to 88.0±4.2 mg/dl at 120 minutes among males. The post-exercise blood glucose patterns included a significant reduction in the mean FBS for males compared to females (64.5±1.9 mg/dl vs. 71.7±1.9 mg/dl; p = 0.001) Conclusions: Glucose tolerance with exercise is better in females than males. The clinical importance of physical exercise lies in its effect on glucose tolerance.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Pemberian Infusa Daun Kersen (Muntingia calabura L.) terhadap Kadar Glukosa Darah Mencit Putih (Mus musculus) yang Diberi Beban Glukosa

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 60-66
Author(s):  
Mira Febrina
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Mus Musculus ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Glucose Load ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Muntingia Calabura

A study on the effect of cherry leaf infusion (Muntingia calabura L.) on glucose levels of male white mice (Mus musculus) given glucose load. This study aims to see the effect of cherry leaf infusion (Muntingia calabura L.) to blood glucose levels of male white mice (Mus musculus) given glucose load as much as 0.65ml / 20gBB. This research used Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (TTGO) method. Animal experiments were divided into 6 groups. The negative control group was given only aquadest, the positive group was given metformin with the dosage of 1.3mg / 20gBB, the comparison group was given 0.65ml / 20gBB glucose solution, the treatment group was given cesen leaves infusion (Muntingia calabura L.) with concentration 5, 10 and 20 %. After each test animal was given 30 minutes treatment then given glucose 0.65ml / 20gBB orally. Then measured blood glucose levels of mice at minute 30-180. Based on the results of testing the infusion of kersen leaf (Muntingia calabura L.) showed that the concentrations of 5, 10 and 20% had decreased levels of white mice blood glucose (Mus musculus) with normal control. However, the results of the two-way ANOVA assay continued with the Post Hoc Tukey test showed that the concentration of 20% differed significantly with the concentrations of 5 and 10%. And the results obtained also indicate that the duration of administration may affect the decrease in blood glucose levels of mice (p <0.05).

Repeated Frying of Olive Oil Has a Better Effect on Survival Rate Compared to Palm Oil Through Glucose Energy Metabolism Increase in Mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadiya Auliya Nabila ◽  
Sri Umijati ◽  
Lilik Herawati
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Olive Oil ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Olive Oils

Background: Vegetable oil is widely used for frying food, especially palm oil. Repeated use of cooking oil is often unavoidable. Frying is known to change cis unsaturated fatty acids into trans. However,the effects of repeated frying of olive oil compared to palm oil is still not widely known. Objective: The objective of this study is to determine the effect of repeated frying of palm oil and olive oil on survival rate and blood glucose pattern in mice. Results: After 4 weeks of treatment, there were 9 mice that remain alive in the control group, 9 mice in the palm group, and 11 mice in the olive group. The survival rate was 75% in the control group, 69.23% in the palm group, and 78.57% in the olive group. Weight gain was significantly different between pre and post in the control and olive groups (p=0.009; p=0.004). FBG level increased significantly in the palm group compared to the control group (P<0.05). The 2-h OGTT glucose level increased significantly compared to pre in the control group (p=0.004) and olive group (p=0.000). AUC of the olive group increased significantly compared to the control group (p=0.0039). Methods: There were 39 adult male mice divided into 3 groups: control (n=12), palm (n=13), and olive (n=14). Control group was given oral gavage of water during research. Palm and olive oils were given in palm and olive groups. Before given to mice, palm and olive oils were used to fry sweet potatoes 5 times then given to mice for 4 weeks. At the beginning and after treatment, fasting blood glucose (FBG), the 2 hours postprandial of oral glucose tolerance test (2-h OGTT) blood glucose level were measured and then area under the curve (AUC) was also calculated. Conclusion: Consumption of olive oil which is fried repeatedly and given for 4 weeks shows a better survival rate than palm oil.

Comparative Glycaemic Indices of a Four Herbal Combinatorial Formulation Administered On Wistar Rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 991-1004
Author(s):  
Inya Joseph ◽  
Ojiako Okey ◽  
Emejulu Angela
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Oral Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Oral Glucose Load ◽  
Glucose Load

Objective: The effect of dietary incorporation of ethanolic extracts of single and combinatorial formulations of Acanthus montanus (ACMO), Asystaciagangetica (ASGA), Gongronemalatifolium (GOLA) and Solanummelongena (SOME) on glucose tolerance was studied in normoglycaemicWistar rats. Methods: A total of 128 Wistar rats were used for the research work. The rats were divided into 32 groups of 4 rats each. One group was the normal control group and 15 groups were orally administered 200mg/kg body weight extract(s) for the single and combinatorial formulations. Another group (negative control) was given oral glucose load (4g/100ml) of 200mg/kg body weight alone and the remaining 15 groups were given oral glucose load (4g/100ml) of 200mg/kg body weight before giving the test extract(s) of 200mg/kg body weight. Results: Post-prandial serum glucose response at 30 minutes interval was plotted and the area under the curve (AUC) used to determine glycaemic index (GI) of each herbs. The herbs (ACMO, ASGA, GOLA and SOME) resulted in a marked improvement in oral glucose tolerance in rats after 10 days of treatment at an interval of 2 days. Blood glucose concentration (mmol/l) of rats administered with the combinations; ACMO+GOLA, ACMO+SOME, SOME+GOLA, ACMO+SOME+GOLA+GLU, ACMO+ASGA+GOLA, ACMO+SOME+GOLA and ACMO+ASGA+GOLA+SOME was found to belowered, with ACMO+ASGA+GOLA combination having the best result. This might be a result of hypoglycaemic synergy promoted by the various bioactive principles present in the combined extracts thereby lowering the GI. These findings revealed that the listed combinations have hypoglycaemic potentials and habitual consumption could positively modulate oral glucose tolerance. Conclusion: The herbs could be useful in the dietary management of diabetes as they could help regulate blood glucose level when consumed with normal meals and could also be incorporated into meals to prevent or delay the onset of diabetes or reverse the same in its early stages.

scholarly journals miR-375 and miR-30d in the Effect of Chromium-Containing Chinese Medicine Moderating Glucose Metabolism

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Zhang ◽  
Xinhua Xiao ◽  
Ming Li ◽  
Wenhui Li ◽  
Miao Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Direct Action ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Insulin Synthesis ◽  
Before And After

In China, TianMai Xiaoke tablet (TM) is used to treat type 2 diabetes. However, the exact mechanism of TM is not clear. This study is to investigate the effect of TM on glucose metabolism in diabetic rats and to identify whether TM takes a direct action through microRNAs on islet. Rats were divided into control group, diabetic group, low dose of TM group (TML), and high dose of TM group (TMH). Pancreas samples were analyzed using microRNA array and Q-PCR. Eight-week treatment with TM significantly decreased fasting blood glucose. The blood glucose was significantly reduced in TM-treated groups before and after oral glucose administration. Fasting insulin and HOMA-IR were suppressed in TM-treated groups. miR-448, let-7b, miR-540, miR-296, miR-880, miR-200a, miR-500, miR-10b, miR-336, miR-30d, miR-208, let-7e, miR-142-5p, miR-874, miR-375, miR-879, miR-501, and miR-188 were upregulated, while miR-301b, miR-134, and miR-652 were downregulated in TMH group. Through target gene analysis and real-time PCR verification, we found that these miRNAs, especially miR-375 and miR-30d, can stimulate insulin secretion in islet. Our data suggest that TM can improve blood glucose in diabetic rats which involved increasing the expression of miR-375 and miR-30d to activate insulin synthesis in islet.

scholarly journals Jinlida Granules Improve Dysfunction of Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Thyroid Axis in Diabetic Rats Induced by STZ

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chaoqun Wang ◽  
Xianliang Dai ◽  
Danfeng Zhang ◽  
Zhimin Liu ◽  
Qin Huang
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Liver Tissue ◽  
Thyroid Hormone Receptor ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Diabetic Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Serum T3 ◽  
Hpt Axis

Objective. We aim to explore the effects and mechanisms of Jinlida granules on the dysfunction of hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis in diabetic rats induced by streptozotocin. Methods. A total of 48 SD rats were randomized into normal control group (NC, n=6) and diabetic group (n=42). Rats in diabetic group were randomly divided into diabetes mellitus (DM) control group, low, medium, and high doses of Jinlida group (JL, JM, and JH), medium dose of Jinlida plus Tongxinluo group (JM + T), metformin group (Met), and Saxagliptin group (Sax) (n=6 in each group). Diabetic rats were obtained by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin and sacrificed at 8 weeks to examine the function of HPT axis. Results. Levels of fasting blood glucose (P<0.05), pIκB, TNFα (P<0.05), pNF-κB, and IL-6 (P<0.01) in liver tissue and TSHR mRNA expression (P<0.01) in diabetic group were significantly increased, while levels of serum T3 and T4, thyroid hormone receptor (TR) mRNA and Dio1 mRNA in liver tissue, and sodium iodide symporter (NIS) mRNA in thyroid tissue in diabetic group were significantly decreased compared with those in NC group (P<0.01). Among diabetic groups, level of fasting blood glucose in JH, JM + T and Met group was lower (P<0.05) compared with DM group. However, levels of serum T3 and T4, TR mRNA in liver tissue, TSHR, and NIS mRNA in thyroid tissue in JH, JM + T, Met, and Sax group were significantly increased (P<0.01) compared to DM group. In contrast, levels of Dio1 mRNA, pI-κB in Met and JM + T groups, pNF-κB in JH, JM + T, and Met group, and TNFα and IL-6 in JM, JH, JM + T, and Met group were significantly decreased (P<0.05). HE staining showed reduced thyroid follicular epithelium and follicular area, as well as increased colloid area in DM group, indicating impaired synthesis, reabsorption, and secretory of TH in diabetes, which was significantly improved in JH, JM + T, and Met groups. Conclusion. HPT axis dysfunction in DM could be significantly improved by Jinlida granules. The mechanism might be associated with the anti-inflammatory effects involving NF-κB pathway. Our findings suggested the potential benefit of Jinlida granules for patients with HPT axis dysfunction and DM, which was to be verified by more experimental and clinical studies.

Anti-diabetic activity of diphenhydramine in diabetic rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 5067-5070
Author(s):  
Pang Jyh Chayng ◽  
Nurul Ain ◽  
Kaswandi Md Ambia ◽  
Rahim Md Noah
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Blood Glucose Level ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Insulin Level ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Diabetic Rat ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group I

The purpose of this project is to study the anti-diabetic effect of on a diabetic rat model. A total of Twenty male Sprague rats were used and it randomly distributed into four groups which are Group I: , Group II: negative control, Group III: and Group IV: and . In diabetic model were induced with via injection at the dosage of 65mg/kg. and FBG (Fasting Blood Glucose) level of diabetic rats were assessed every three days. Blood was collected via cardiac puncture at day 21 after the induction of treatment. Insulin level of the rats was assessed with the Mercodia Rat Insulin ELISA kit. FBG level of group I (12.16 ±3.96, p&lt;0.05) and group IV (11.34 ±3.67, p&lt;0.05) were significantly decreased. Meanwhile, the for all rats did not show any significant increase. However, the insulin level was escalated in group IV (0.74+0.25, p&lt;0.05) significantly. The present study shows that the and the combination of and lowered blood glucose level and enhanced insulin secretion.

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