scholarly journals Endogenous Histamine Excretion in the Rat as Influenced by X-Ray Irradiation and Compound 48/80

1956 ◽  
Vol 187 (2) ◽  
pp. 307-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
James L. Leitch ◽  
Virginia G. Debley ◽  
Thomas J. Haley
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Administration ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Rat Urine ◽  
Similar Treatment ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Endogenous Histamine ◽  
Liberation Of Histamine ◽  
Urinary Histamine

Studies have been made on a spasmogen from rat urine. This material has been identified as histamine. It has been shown that both acute whole body x-ray irradiation and compound 48/80 significantly increase the quantity of endogenous urinary histamine. Endogenous histamine excretion in female rats is approximately 9–10 times greater than in male rats. Neither x-ray irradiation nor compound 48/80 elevate the amount of urinary histamine of the males to that of the female. Histamine liberation is of little or no importance insofar as lethality from acute whole body irradiation is concerned. The amount of histamine liberated by such irradiation is independent of radiation dosage within the range 600–1200 r. After radiation injury, significant levels of urinary histamine were detected only during the first 24 hours. Histamine depletion by chronic administration of compound 48/80 did not prevent further liberation of histamine by acute whole body irradiation. Irradiated animals are much more susceptible to the toxic effects of compound 48/80 than normal animals. Gonadectomy followed by α-estradiol injection did not increase the output of urinary histamine in male rats. Similar treatment of female rats with testosterone did not reduce their urinary histamine output, but a reduction was observed 140 days after surgery. Administration of cortisone acetate to male rats did not increase their excretion of endogenous histamine. Inactivation of diamine oxidase with aminoguanidine had little or no effect on urinary histamine output in male rats, but caused a threefold increase in females. Further elevation in urinary histamine was produced by irradiation or compound 48/80.

Effects of Guanethidine and Related Compounds on Histamine Excretion

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 539-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. LeBlanc ◽  
J. Côté ◽  
F. Doré ◽  
S. Rousseau
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Fluid ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Daily Injection ◽  
Histamine Metabolism ◽  
Methyl Transferase ◽  
Single Intraperitoneal Injection ◽  
Urinary Histamine ◽  
Related Compounds

The basic nature of guanethidine and some of its effects suggested a possible action of this drug on histamine metabolism. A single intraperitoneal injection of guanethidine (10 mg/kg) in male rats was found to double the daily urinary excretion of free histamine; daily injection for three weeks caused a 10-fold increase. In male rats, guanethidine increased the number of mast cells in the peritoneal fluid and, in both peritoneal fluid and mesentery, caused a significant degranulation of these cells; this action was not observed in female rats. This finding may indicate that guanethidine blocks methylation of histamine by inhibiting imidazole methyl transferase since this enzyme is found in male but not in female rats. Bethanidine and reserpine had no effect on histamine excretion. Imidazole was found to be even more potent than guanethidine in causing an increase in urinary histamine. Guanethidine and imidazole neither potentiated nor mimicked the action of histamine on the isolated ileum.

Androgens and estrogens affect hepatic bile acid sulfotransferase in male rats

1985 ◽  
Vol 248 (6) ◽  
pp. G639-G642 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. B. Kirkpatrick ◽  
N. M. Wildermann ◽  
P. G. Killenberg
Keyword(s):  
Bile Acid ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Estrogen Treatment ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Hepatic Bile ◽  
Similar Treatment ◽  
Untreated Female ◽  
Varied Chemical

The effect of estrogens and androgens on hepatic glycolithocholate sulfotransferase activity was studied in male rats. Significant increases in specific activity were noted following treatment of rats for 21 days with 17 beta-estradiol, 17 alpha-ethynylestradiol, and the nonsteroidal estrogen agonists nafoxidine, tamoxifen, and diethylstilbestrol. Similar treatment of male rats with 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone, hydrocortisone, norethindrone, and prolactin did not affect activity. To further assess the effect of androgens, male rats were castrated. Glycolithocholate sulfotransferase activity increased fivefold by 14 days after castration. Treatment of castrated rats with 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone prevented the increase and maintained activity at the level of sham-operated animals. Castrated animals exhibited an additional increment in activity following treatment with 17 alpha-ethynylestradiol: specific activity in these animals rose to levels comparable with those measured in untreated female rats. These data suggest endogenous androgens maximally suppress hepatic glycolithocholate sulfotransferase activity in male rats. The data also indicate that activity is stimulated by estrogenic compounds of varied chemical structure and that stimulation is not solely due to suppression of androgen release by the testes as a consequence of estrogen treatment.

scholarly journals SPECIFIC TRANSPLANTATION ANTIGENS OF MOUSE SARCOMAS INDUCED BY ADENOVIRUS TYPE 12

1967 ◽  
Vol 125 (4) ◽  
pp. 689-701 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. O. Sjögren ◽  
J. Minowada ◽  
J. Ankerst
Keyword(s):  
Adenovirus Type ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Viral Origin ◽  
Similar Treatment ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Mouse Tumors ◽  
Tumor Material ◽  
Transplantation Antigens ◽  
Adenovirus Type 5 ◽  
Induced Immunity

A specific isograft resistance against three different mouse adeno 12 sarcomas was demonstrated in mice treated with four to eight doses of viable or X-ray-killed adeno 12 mouse tumors. Whole-body X-ray irradiation with 350 R 24 hr previous to the test challenge did not abolish the resistance, indicating that it was due to a true anamnestic immune reaction. This was further proven by the finding that similar treatment with tumors of other origin did not induce any immunity, nor did the treatment with adeno 12 tumor material induce any immunity against two neoplasms of Schmidt-Ruppin-Rous viral origin. The previous report by Trentin et al. (17) that adeno 12 infection leads to a specific transplantation immunity was fully confirmed. When the specificity of this virus-induced immunity was studied it was discovered that besides adeno virus type 12, type 7 and probably type 18 also gave the same type of resistance while adenovirus type 5 did not. A contamination of the adeno 7-infected mice with adeno type 12 was excluded by testing pooled sera from these animals for anti-adeno 12 CF or HI antibodies.

Increase of Cell-Free Nuclear and Mitochondrial DNA Content in the Urine of Rats after X-ray Irradiation or Bleomycin Administration

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 5-8
Author(s):  
Г. Минкабирова ◽  
G. Minkabirova ◽  
С. Абдуллаев ◽  
S. Abdullaev
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Linear Dependence ◽  
Dna Content ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
The Body ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Cytostatic Drug ◽  
Rat Urine ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Potential Biomarker

Purpose: To study the content of cell-free mitochondrial DNA (cf-mtDNA) and cell-free nuclear DNA (cf-nDNA) in urine of rats exposed to ionizing radiation, and after injection of a cytostatic drug bleomycin. Material and methods: Wistar male rats aged 3 months were used in the experiments. Rats were irradiated at a doses of 3, 5, and 8 Gy. Bleomycin was administered intraperitoneally in concentrations of 3, 7, and 10 mg/kg. The DNA content was measured by real-time PCR. Results: The results showed an increase in the level of the number of cf-nDNA and cf-mtDNA fragments in urine of irradiated rats. It was shown that the content of cf-nDNA and cf-mtDNA has a linear dependence on the X-ray dose. Thus, the maximum number of mtDNA and nDNA copies was recorded for 12–24th hours after irradiation. The number of PCR amplification products of cf-mtDNA is 2–3 times higher than those of cf-nDNA. Data analysis of the content of cf-nDNA and cf-mtDNA in rat urine after introduction of bleomycin also showed elevated levels compared with control animals. It was shown that the content of cf-nDNA and cf-mtDNA has a linear dependence on the dose of the chemotherapeutic drug. Conclusion: Thus, it has been shown that it is possible to overcome the transrenal (renal) barrier in animals with cf-mtDNA and cf-nDNA and pass them into the urine after X-ray irradiation, as well as after the administration of bleomycin. The dose dependence of the identified effects was found. The increased content of cell-free DNA in the urine can be considered as a potential biomarker for assessing the level of genotoxic load during radiation damage to the body, as well as when exposed to other genotoxic agents.

Effects of relaxin on systemic arterial hemodynamics and mechanical properties in conscious rats: sex dependency and dose response

2005 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 1013-1020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan O. Debrah ◽  
Kirk P. Conrad ◽  
Lee A. Danielson ◽  
Sanjeev G. Shroff
Keyword(s):  
Dose Response ◽  
Arterial Compliance ◽  
Chronic Administration ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
High Serum ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Arterial Load

We previously showed that chronic administration of recombinant human relaxin (rhRLX; 4 μg/h) to conscious female, nonpregnant rats to reach serum levels corresponding to early to midgestation (∼20 ng/ml) increases cardiac output (CO) and global arterial compliance (AC) and decreases systemic vascular resistance (SVR), comparable to changes observed in midterm pregnancy. The goals of this study were to test whether chronic administration of rhRLX (4 μg/h) to conscious male rats will yield similar changes in CO and systemic arterial load and to determine whether higher infusion rates of rhRLX (50 μg/h) administered to nonpregnant female rats yielding serum concentrations corresponding to late pregnancy (∼80 ng/ml) will further modify CO and SVR and global AC comparable to late gestation. CO and systemic arterial load, as quantified by SVR and AC, were obtained by using the same methods as in our previous studies. With respect to baseline, chronic rhRLX administration to male rats over 10 days at 4 μg/h increased both CO (20.5 ± 4.2%) and AC (19.4 ± 6.9%) and reduced SVR (12.7 ± 3.9%). These results were comparable to those elicited by the hormone in nonpregnant female rats. In contrast, neither acute (over 4 h) nor chronic (over 6 days) infusion of the higher dose of rhRLX administered to conscious female rats resulted in significant changes in CO, AC, or SVR from baseline. We conclude that 1) rhRLX increases CO and AC and reduces SVR irrespective of sex, and 2) the rhRLX dose response is biphasic insofar as significant alterations in CO and systemic arterial load fail to occur at high serum concentrations.

Inhalation Toxicity and Genotoxicity of Hydrofluorocarbon (HFC)-236fa and HFC-236ea

2000 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
William J. Brock ◽  
David P. Kelly ◽  
Susan M. Munley ◽  
Karin S. Bentley ◽  
Kathy M. McGown ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Toxicity ◽  
Human Lymphocytes ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Inhalation Toxicity ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male And Female Rats

The acute, subchronic, and developmental and genetic toxicity of hydrofluorocarbon (HFC)-236fa and HFC-236ea were evaluated to assist in establishing proper handling guidance. In acute inhalation studies, rats were exposed whole body for 4 hours to various concentrations of each isomer. Based on the lack of mortality, the approximate lethal concentration for HFC-236ea for male rats was > 85,000 ppm. For HFC-236fa, the LC50 for males and females (combined) was > 457,000 ppm. Narcotic-like effects, e.g., prostration, incoordination, and reduced motor activity, were observed only during exposure to either isomer, but were not evident after termination of exposure. In cardiac sensitization studies, HFC-236ea induced cardiac sensitization at ≥ 35,000 ppm, with fatal responses occurring at 50,000 ppm and greater. For HFC-236fa, a cardiac sensitization response was observed at 150,000 ppm and greater but not at 100,000 ppm. A fatal cardiac sensitization response was observed in one dog exposed to 150,000 ppm HFC-236fa. In 90-day subchronic inhalation studies, male and female rats were exposed whole body to HFC-236ea at concentrations of 0, 5000, 20,000, or 50,000 ppm for 6 hours/day, 5 days/week. Similarly, male and female rats were exposed whole body to HFC-236fa at concentrations of 0, 5000, 20,000, or 50,000 ppm for 6 hours/day, 5 days/week. During exposure, narcotic-like effect (reduced acoustic startle response) was observed at 50,000 ppm with both isomers, although there appeared to be an adaptive response to this effect as the study progressed. With HFC-236ea, dilatation of the seminiferous tubules, without effects on germ or Sertoli cells, was observed only in rats at 50,000 ppm. No other effects on in-life measures or on clinical or anatomic pathology, including histopathology, were observed for either isomer. In rat developmental toxicity studies, no evidence of embryotoxicity or teratogenicity was observed with either isomer exposed up to 50,000 ppm during gestational days 7 to 16. Also, no developmental toxicity was observed in rabbits exposed to HFC-236fa at concentrations of up to 50,000 ppm during gestational days 7 to 19. Neither of the HFC-236 isomers was mutagenic in the Ames reverse mutation assay or clastogenic in the chromosomal aberration assay with human lymphocytes. No increase in chromosomal aberrations was observed in in vivo micronucleus studies with either isomer.

scholarly journals Behavioural multigenerational effects induced by the administration of very low doses of zinc during pregnancy, lactation, and prepuberal period in the rat

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-80
Author(s):  
Silvia G. Ratti ◽  
Osvaldo J. Sacchi ◽  
Edgardo O. Alvarez
Keyword(s):  
Social Activity ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
Chronic Administration ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Experimental Setup ◽  
Low Doses ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Intergenerational Effect ◽  
Multigenerational Effects

In studies from this laboratory, the chronic administration of ZnTe during pregnancy, lactation, and prepuberal stages of litter (F1 generation) modified the behavioral patterns of motivated exploration, lateralized exploration, social activity, and survival responses of maturing rats. To determine whether these affected behaviors would extend to the next generation, F1 litter rats previously exposed to tellurium (Te) up to 30-day-old were left at rest with no further treatment up to 90-day-old. Then, F1 female rats were mated with normal untreated male rats, and in the next generation (F2), the litter rats at 30-day-old preserved the modified behaviors previously observed in their parents. The study revealed that Te effects were intergenerational. Here, considering that ZnTe was used in the previous study and that Zn ion has many physiological functions in the cell, experiments were conducted to elucidate if Zn would have an intergenerational effect similar to Te. Working with the same experimental setup as in the previous study but using ZnCl2 instead of ZnTe, results revealed that none of the behavioral responses studied were affected by the F1 generation. However, in the F2 generation, lateralized exploration and survival behavior were inhibited, suggesting that Zn also has an intergenerational effect.

scholarly journals Dietary cottonseed consumption induced subfertility in male and female rats: a potent eco-friendly rodenticide compound

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fariborz Nowzari ◽  
Farhad Rahmanifar ◽  
Nader Tanideh ◽  
Mohammad Reza Dorvash ◽  
Arezoo Khoradmehr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cottonseed Flour ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Effects of cottonseed flour in male and female rats’ fertility based on hormonal and histomorphometry changes were studied. Sixty-four Sprague-Dawley adult male and female rats were randomly divided into control and treatment groups. Treatment group was received diets containing cottonseed flour for 35 days. Control group was given standard rat food. Body and testis weights, epididymis semen evaluation indices and serum sex steroid hormones were determined. Histomorphometry alterations of testes and ovary were evaluated. Then, normal female and male rats were mated by rats in both groups and after 35 days, number of pups was measured. However, there was no significant difference in whole body and testes weights, sperm concentration and viability between the control and treatment groups, respectively. Moreover, sperm motility in the treatment rats was significantly lower than the control group. Serum hormones alterations were not significant, but histomorphometry evaluations of testes showed significant changes in the testis structures after chronic consumption of cottonseed flour. In the female rats, body weight did not have significant difference between the treatment and control groups. Histomorphometry data in female ovary showed significant reduction of primary follicle volume and number in the treatment group against control. Follicle stimulating hormone showed insignificant reduction in the treatment group. Number of pups was significantly reduced in the female rats fed by cottonseed flour. Cottonseed flour in rat diet had adverse effects on rat reproduction. Therefore, it can be used as an efficient product for control of the rat population as a natural rodenticide agent.

scholarly journals Toxoplasma gondii infection enhances the kairomonal valence of rat urine

F1000Research ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anand Vasudevan ◽  
Ajai Vyas
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Protozoan Parasite ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Facilitatory Effect ◽  
Rat Urine ◽  
Pheromonal Communication ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii Infection ◽  
Open Nature ◽  
Fresh Urine

Many animals use chemicals as pheromones to communicate between individuals of the same species, for example to influence mate choice or to assert dominance. Pheromonal communication is an open broadcast system that can be intercepted by unintended receivers such as predators and prey. We have recently reported that male rats infected by the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii become more attractive to female rats. This suggests a facilitatory effect of infection on rat pheromone production. In view of the open nature of pheromonal communication, we postulate that Toxoplasma gondii infection collateraly enhances kairomonal valence of infected rats to their prey. We compared the strength of kairomonal interception by mice when using scent marks from rats infected with Toxoplasma gondii vs. marks from uninfected control rats. Mice exhibited greater avoidance to both fresh urine and aged rat urine marks obtained from infected animals. These results indicate that, at least in some cases, parasitism can result in opportunity costs for hosts by making prey species more averse to them.

Evaluation of the Effect of Subchronic Administration of the 70% Ethanol Extract of Millettiea ferruginea (Hochst) Bak (Fabaceae) Seeds on Biochemical, Haematological and Histopathological Parameters in Albino Wistar Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-60
Author(s):  
Mekonnen Debebe ◽  
Molla Getu ◽  
Mekbeb Afework ◽  
Aster Tsegaye ◽  
Eyasu Makonnen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Chronic Administration ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats

Millettiea ferruginea (Hochst) Bak (Fabaceae) is an indigenous plant, traditionally used for the treatment of various disease conditions in Ethiopia  without substantiating its safety. This study, therefore, evaluated its toxicity in albino Wistar rats. The hydroalcoholic extract of M. ferruginea was prepared by maceration of the powdered seeds in 70% ethanol. The effect of extract administration to albino Wistar albino rats for 90 days at doses of 125 mg/kg and 250 mg/kg b/w was investigated. Subchronic administration of the extract at a dose of 250 mg/kg decreased mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and monocytes in female rats. The blood levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine transaminase (ALT), creatine kinase (CK) and urea in the female, and CK in male rats treated with the extract at 250 mg/kg were significantly increased. Histopathological investigation of the liver revealed signs of blood congestions in portal vein and hepatic artery at 125 mg/kg, and minor inflammation, congestions and focal hepatocellular necrosis at 250 mg/kg in both sexes. The extract produced atrophy of the glomeruli, widened urinary space andinflammation of the kidney at both doses, and also caused minor tubular necrosis and peritubular blood congestions at 250 mg/kg in both male and female rats. In the heart of extract treated rats, there were congestions of blood vessels and necrosis of myocardium at both doses, and inflammation at 250 mg/kg. Desquamation and infiltration of the mucosa at both doses, and submucosal atrophy at 125 mg/kg and blood congestions at 250 mg/kg were observed in the small intestine of extract treated rats. The present findings suggest that the extract is relatively safe at therapeutic dose, although some signs of toxicity occurred mainly at the higher dose in female rats. Additional investigations on chronic administration of the extract is recommended to further substantiate the safety of the plant. Keywords: Millettia ferruginea, ethanol seed extract, toxicity, histopathology, Wistar albino rats 

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