Nighttime snacking reduces whole body fat oxidation and increases LDL cholesterol in healthy young women

2013 ◽  
Vol 304 (2) ◽  
pp. R94-R101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masanobu Hibi ◽  
Ayumi Masumoto ◽  
Yuri Naito ◽  
Kahori Kiuchi ◽  
Yayoi Yoshimoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Fat Oxidation ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Snack Consumption

The increase in obesity and lipid disorders in industrialized countries may be due to irregular eating patterns. Few studies have investigated the effects of nighttime snacking on energy metabolism. We examined the effects of nighttime snacking for 13 days on energy metabolism. Eleven healthy women (means ± SD; age: 23 ± 1 yr; body mass index: 20.6 ± 2.6 kg/m2) participated in this randomized crossover trial for a 13-day intervention period. Subjects consumed a specified snack (192.4 ± 18.3 kcal) either during the daytime (10:00) or the night time (23:00) for 13 days. On day 14, energy metabolism was measured in a respiratory chamber without snack consumption. An oral glucose tolerance test was performed on day 15. Relative to daytime snacking, nighttime snacking significantly decreased fat oxidation (daytime snacking: 52.0 ± 13.6 g/day; nighttime snacking: 45.8 ± 14.0 g/day; P = 0.02) and tended to increase the respiratory quotient (daytime snacking: 0.878 ± 0.022; nighttime snacking: 0.888 ± 0.021; P = 0.09). The frequency of snack intake and energy intake, body weight, and energy expenditure were not affected. Total and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol significantly increased after nighttime snacking (152 ± 26 mg/dl and 161 ± 29 mg/dl; P = 0.03 and 76 ± 20 mg/dl and 83 ± 24 mg/dl; P = 0.01, respectively), but glucose and insulin levels after the glucose load were not affected. Nighttime snacking increased total and LDL cholesterol and reduced fat oxidation, suggesting that eating at night changes fat metabolism and increases the risk of obesity.

Effects of 3-Week Consumption of Green Tea Extracts on Whole-Body Metabolism During Cycling Exercise in Endurance-Trained Men

2009 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philipp Eichenberger ◽  
Paolo C. Colombani ◽  
Samuel Mettler
Keyword(s):  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Green Tea ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Cycling Exercise ◽  
Whole Body Metabolism

The consumption of green tea has been generally associated with beneficial effects on human whole-body metabolism and recent investigations with animals indicate favorable effects of green tea extracts (GTE) on energy metabolism during exercise and aerobic exercise performance. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a three-week supplementation with GTE on human energy metabolism during submaximal cycling exercise. In a randomized, double-blind crossover setting, ten healthy endurance-trained men exercised for 2 hours at 50 % Wmaxbefore and after three weeks of placebo or GTE supplementation (GTE containing about 160 mg∙day-1total catechins, of which about 70 mg∙day-1was epigallocatechin-3-gallate). The GTE supplementation did not influence indices of fat and energy metabolism (fatty acids, 3-β-hydroxybutyrate, triacylglycerol, low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol, lactate, glucose, oxygen uptake, respiratory exchange ratio, energy expenditure), inflammation processes (interleukin-6, C-reactive protein), and oxidative stress (thiobarbituric-acid reactive substances, oxidized low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol), but plasma creatine kinase concentration at rest and during exercise was significantly lower (p = 0.039) and high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol concentration at rest was significantly higher (p = 0.043) compared to placebo. In conclusion, these results suggest only slight effects on whole-body metabolism after supplementation with GTE.

Insulin dynamics and biochemical markers for predicting impaired glucose tolerance in obese Thai youth

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (9-10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sirapassorn Tirabanchasak ◽  
Sukumarn Siripunthana ◽  
Vichit Supornsilchai ◽  
Suttipong Wacharasindhu ◽  
Taninee Sahakitrungruang
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Impaired Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Normal Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Sensitivity Indices

AbstractSubjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) are at risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular disease. The predictors of IGT in obese youth are not well described.We studied 115 obese Thai children who underwent an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Plasma glucose and insulin levels were calculated for assessment of β-cell function. Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), lipid profile, and clinical parameters were also used to determine predictors of IGT.We found that three patients had T2DM and 30 subjects had IGT. IGT patients had significantly higher fasting glucose (FG), 1-h postload glucose, 2-h postload insulin, and lower whole-body insulin sensitivity indices than in normal glucose tolerance subjects whereas other indices were comparable. By ROC curve analyses, 1-h postload glucose was the best predictor of IGT, but FG or HbA1c represented a poor diagnostic tool for prediabetes screening. Subjects with 1-h OGTT glucose >155 mg/dL had significantly lower high-density lipoprotein levels, lower insulin sensitivity, and more insulin resistance than those with 1-h postload glucose of ≤155 mg/dL.Abnormal glucose tolerance is highly prevalent in obese Thai youth. Several fasting indices and HbA1c fail to predict IGT. An 1-h OGTT glucose of >155 mg/dL appears to be more associated with adverse insulin dynamics and metabolic profile than 2-h postload glucose.

Individual and combined cardiometabolic morbidities and the subsequent risk of cardiovascular events in Chinese adults

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiao Wang ◽  
Zhimin Wang ◽  
Feng Guo ◽  
Yinghui Zhang ◽  
Hongfei Ji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Chinese Adults ◽  
Elderly Chinese

Abstract Objectives To investigate the associations between individual and combined cardiometabolic morbidities and incident cardiovascular events in Chinese adults. Design A prospective, nationwide, and population-based cohort study. Participants 133572 participants aged ≥ 40 years were included in the study. Main Outcome Measures Cardiovascular disease (CVD) events. Results Compared with participants without diabetes, hypertension and dyslipidemia, participants with only diabetes (hazard ratio [HR], 1.58; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.32-1.90) or only hypertension (2.04; 1.82-2.28) exhibited significantly higher risk for CVD events, while participants with only dyslipidemia (0.97; 0.84-1.12) exhibited no significantly higher risk for CVD events. When analyzed collectively, participants with diabetes plus hypertension (HR, 2.67; 95%CI, 2.33-3.06), diabetes plus dyslipidemia (1.57; 1.32-1.87), and hypertension plus dyslipidemia (2.12; 1.88-2.39) exhibited significantly higher risk for CVD. Moreover, participants with the combination of diabetes, hypertension and dyslipidemia exhibited the highest risk for CVD events (HR, 3.06; 95%CI, 2.71-3.46). Multivariable-adjusted HRs (95% CIs) for CVD associated with diabetes based on fasting glucose ≥7.0 mmol/L, oral glucose tolerance test-2h glucose ≥11.1 mmol/L, and hemoglobin A1c ≥6.5% were 1.64 (1.51-1.78), 1.57 (1.45-1.69), and 1.54 (1.42-1.66), respectively; associated with hypertension based on systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mmHg were 1.89 (1.76-2.03) and 1.74 (1.60-1.88), respectively; associated with dyslipidemia based on total cholesterol ≥6.22 mmol/L, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ≥4.14 mmol/L, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol <1.04 mmol/L, and triglycerides ≥2.26 mmol/L were 1.18 (1.08-1.30), 1.30 (1.17-1.44), 1.00 (0.92-1.09), and 1.10 (1.01-1.20), respectively. Conclusions Diabetes, hypertension and dyslipidemia showed additive associations with the risk of CVD events in middle-aged and elderly Chinese adults.

Effects of different periods of paradoxical sleep deprivation and sleep recovery on lipid and glucose metabolism and appetite hormones in rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 235-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malinalli Brianza-Padilla ◽  
Herlinda Bonilla-Jaime ◽  
Julio César Almanza-Pérez ◽  
Ana Laura López-López ◽  
Fausto Sánchez-Muñoz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Paradoxical Sleep ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Paradoxical Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Sleep has a fundamental role in the regulation of energy balance, and it is an essential and natural process whose precise impacts on health and disease have not yet been fully elucidated. The aim of this study was to assess the consequences of different periods of paradoxical sleep deprivation (PSD) and recovery from PSD on lipid profile, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) results, and changes in insulin, corticosterone, ghrelin, and leptin concentrations. Three-month-old male Wistar rats weighing 250–350 g were submitted to 24, 96, or 192 h of PSD or 192 h of PSD with 480 h of recovery. The PSD was induced by the multiple platforms method. Subsequently, the animals were submitted to an OGTT. One day later, the animals were killed and the levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol, lipoproteins (low-density lipoprotein, very-low-density lipoprotein, and high-density lipoprotein), insulin, ghrelin, leptin, and corticosterone in plasma were quantified. There was a progressive decrease in body weight with increasing duration of PSD. The PSD induced basal hypoglycemia over all time periods evaluated. Evaluation of areas under the curve revealed progressive hypoglycemia only after 96 and 192 h of PSD. There was an increase in corticosterone levels after 192 h of PSD. We conclude that PSD induces alterations in metabolism that are reversed after a recovery period of 20 days.

Moving beyond the “LDL hypothesis”

VASA ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 333-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Werner ◽  
Ulrich Laufs
Keyword(s):  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Causal Relation ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Clinical Trial Data ◽  
Randomised Clinical Trial ◽  
Trial Data ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Statin Drug

Abstract. Summary: The term “LDL hypothesis” is frequently used to describe the association of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-cholesterol, LDL-C) and cardiovascular (CV) events. Recent data from genetic studies prove a causal relation between serum LDL-C and CV events. These data are in agreement with mechanistic molecular studies and epidemiology. New randomised clinical trial data show that LDL-C lowering with statins and a non-statin drug, ezetimibe, reduces CV events. We therefore believe that the “LDL-hypothesis” has been proven; the term appears to be outdated and should be replaced by “LDL causality”.

Platelet Aggregation and Plasma Lipoproteins in Alcoholics During Alcohol Withdrawal

1986 ◽  
Vol 55 (02) ◽  
pp. 173-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Desai ◽  
J S Owen ◽  
D T Wilson ◽  
R A Hutton
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Alcohol Withdrawal ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Plasma Lipoprotein ◽  
Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
Arachidonic Acid Content ◽  
Low Density

SummaryPlatelet aggregation, platelet lipid composition and plasma lipoprotein concentrations were measured each week in a group of seventeen alcoholics, without overt liver disease, for one month, following acute, total alcohol withdrawal. The platelets were initially hypoaggregable but, within 1-2 weeks of cessation of drinking, they became hyperaggregable and then gradually returned towards normal values. Hyperaggregability could not be explained by increases in either the cholesterol or the arachidonic acid content of the platelets. Plasma very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels remained high throughout the study, but the initially raised levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol fell by 26%. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol concentration rose by 10% after two weeks of withdrawal but then returned to about the starting level. The resulting changes in the plasma LDL-cholesterol: HDL-cholesterol ratio, which had increased by more than 50% after two weeks of abstinence, essentially paralleled the time course of enhanced platelet reactivity in all but four of the alcoholics. These findings suggest that alterations in plasma lipoprotein concentrations during acute alcohol withdrawal may be a contributory factor to the haemostatic disorders present in such patients.

Risk factors for cardiovascular diseases and development of prehypertension

2018 ◽  
pp. 37-43
Author(s):  
В.В. Шерстнев ◽  
М.А. Грудень ◽  
В.П. Карлина ◽  
В.М. Рыжов ◽  
А.В. Кузнецова ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Optimal Blood Pressure

Цель - исследование взаимосвязи факторов риска сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний и развития предгипертонии. Методика. Проведен сравнительный и корреляционный анализы показателей модифицируемых и немодифицируемых факторов риска сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний у обследованных лиц в возрасте 30-60 лет с «оптимальным» артериальным давлением, (n = 63, АД <120/80 мм рт.ст.) и лиц с предгипертонией (n = 52, АД = 120-139/80-89 мм рт.ст.). Результаты. Показано, что лица с предгипертонией по сравнению с группой лиц, имеющих «оптимальное» артериальное давление характеризуются статистически значимо повышенным содержанием холестерина и холестерина липопротеидов низкой плотности, интеллектуальным характером трудовой деятельности, а также значимыми сочетаниями факторов риска: повышенный уровень холестерина липопротеидов низкой плотности с интеллектуальным характером трудовой деятельности; повышенное содержание креатинина с уровнем триглициридов; наследственная отягощенность по заболеваниям почек и интеллектуальным характером трудовой деятельности; наследственная отягощенность по сахарному диабету и гипертрофия левого желудочка сердца. У лиц с предгипертонией документированы перестройки структуры взаимосвязи (количество, направленность и сила корреляций) между показателями факторов риска в сравнении с лицами, имеющими «оптимальное» артериальное давление. Заключение. Выявленные особенности взаимосвязей факторов риска сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний при предгипертонии рассматриваются как проявление начальной стадии дизрегуляционной патологии и нарушения регуляции физиологических систем поддержания оптимального уровня артериального давления. The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between risk factors for cardiovascular disease and development of prehypertension. Methods. Comparative and correlation analyses of modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease were performed in subjects aged 30-60 with «optimal» blood pressure (n = 63, BP <120/80 mm Hg) and prehypertension (n = 52, BP = 120-139 / 80-89 mm Hg). Results. The group with prehypertension compared with the «optimal» blood pressure group had significantly increased serum levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, sedentary/intellectual type of occupation, and significant combinations of risk factors. The risk factor combinations included an increased level of LDL cholesterol and a sedentary/intellectual occupation; increased serum levels of creatinine and triglycerides; hereditary burden of kidney disease and a sedentary/intellectual occupation; hereditary burden of diabetes mellitus and cardiac left ventricular hypotrophy. In subjects with prehypertension compared to subjects with «optimal» blood pressure, changes in correlations (correlation number, direction, and strength) between parameters of risk factors were documented. Conclusion. The features of interrelationships between risk factors for cardiovascular disease observed in prehypertension are considered a manifestation of early dysregulation pathology and disordered regulation of physiological systems, which maintain optimal blood pressure.

Antidiabetic Effects of Ethanolic Extract of Ficus glomerata (L.) Roots

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-41
Author(s):  
Mohini C. Upadhye ◽  
Uday Deokate ◽  
Rohini Pujari ◽  
Vishnu Thakare
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Ficus Glomerata

Background: Ficus glomerata (F. glomerata) Linn. Family Moraceace is a large tree found all over India including outer Himalayan ranges, Punjab, Chota Nagpur, Bihar, Orissa, West Bengal, Rajasthan, Deccan and also as a common plant in South India. It is planted around the home and temples. It is cultivated throughout the year, distributed in evergreen forests and moist localities. Objective: The Ethanolic Extract of roots of F. Glomerata (EEFG) belonging to the family Moraceace, was investigated for its antidiabetic activity using alloxan induced diabetic rats. Methods: Thirty rats were divided into 5 groups having 6 rats in each group. The alloxan was administered to the rats of all groups except normal control group through intraperitoneal route at a concentration of 140mg/kg body weight. A dose of 100mg/kg and 200 mg/kg body weight of EEFG was administered to alloxan induced diabetic rats. The administration of the extract was lasted for 11 days. Effectiveness of the extract on glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, and high density lipoprotein and protein concentrations was analyzed. Results: Significant (p<0.05) reduction in the levels of glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride of the diabetic rats was observed after treatment with ethanolic extract. After subjecting to oral glucose tolerance test EEFG also showed significant improvement in glucose tolerance. Conclusion: F. glomerata root ethanolic extract showed that it possesses antidiabetic effect and can be found useful for the management of diabetes mellitus.

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