Temporal diabetes- and diuresis-induced remodeling of the urinary bladder in the rat

2006 ◽  
Vol 291 (3) ◽  
pp. R837-R843 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guiming Liu ◽  
Firouz Daneshgari
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
Bladder Tissue ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Wall Area ◽  
Total Cross Sectional Area ◽  
History Of ◽  
Physical Changes

The natural history of diabetes mellitus-induced remodeling of the urinary bladder is poorly understood. In this study, we examined temporal remodeling of the bladder in diabetic and diuretic rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups: streptozotocin-induced diabetic, 5% sucrose-induced diuretic, and age-matched control. Micturition and morphometric characteristics were evaluated using metabolic cages and light-microscopic examination of the bladder 4 days and 1, 2, 3, and 9 wk after induction. Digital image analysis was used to quantify equatorial cross-sectional areas of bladder tissue and lumen, as well as relative content of the three primary tissue components: smooth muscle, urothelium, and collagen. Diabetes and diuresis caused significant increases in fluid intake, urine output, and bladder weight. In both groups, progressive increases were observed in lumen area from 4 days to 3 wk after induction and in wall area from 2 to 3 wk after induction. Wall thickness decreased within the first 2 wk in the diabetic and diuretic rats but returned to control at 3 and 9 wk. As a percentage of total cross-sectional area, smooth muscle area increased, urothelium area was unchanged, and collagen area decreased in diabetic and diuretic rats after 2–3 wk compared with control rats. In conclusion, diabetes and diuresis induced similar bladder remodeling. Diabetes-induced diuresis caused adaptive physical changes in rat bladder by 4 days after induction; remodeling was observed by 2–3 wk after induction and remained stable from 3 to 9 wk.

Conservation of bronchiolar wall area during constriction and dilation of human airways

1997 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 954-958 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Mitchell ◽  
E. Rühlmann ◽  
H. Magnussen ◽  
N. M. Muñoz ◽  
A. R. Leff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Smooth Muscle Contraction ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Wall Area ◽  
Total Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Human Airways ◽  
Contraction And Relaxation

Mitchell, R. W., E. Rühlmann, H. Magnussen, N. M. Muñoz, A. R. Leff, and K. F. Rabe. Conservation of bronchiolar wall area during constriction and dilation of human airways. J. Appl. Physiol. 82(3): 954–958, 1997.—We assessed the effect of smooth muscle contraction and relaxation on airway lumen subtended by the internal perimeter ( A i) and total cross-sectional area ( A o) of human bronchial explants in the absence of the potential lung tethering forces of alveolar tissue to test the hypothesis that bronchoconstriction results in a comparable change of A iand A o. Luminal area (i.e., A i) and A owere measured by using computerized videomicrometry, and bronchial wall area was calculated accordingly. Images on videotape were captured; areas were outlined, and data were expressed as internal pixel number by using imaging software. Bronchial rings were dissected in 1.0- to 1.5-mm sections from macroscopically unaffected areas of lungs from patients undergoing resection for carcinoma, placed in microplate wells containing buffered saline, and allowed to equilibrate for 1 h. Baseline, A o[5.21 ± 0.354 (SE) mm2], and A i(0.604 ± 0.057 mm2) were measured before contraction of the airway smooth muscle (ASM) with carbachol. Mean A inarrowed by 0.257 ± 0.052 mm2in response to 10 μM carbachol ( P = 0.001 vs. baseline). Similarly, A onarrowed by 0.272 ± 0.110 mm2in response to carbachol ( P = 0.038 vs. baseline; P = 0.849 vs. change in A i). Similar parallel changes in cross-sectional area for A iand A owere observed for relaxation of ASM from inherent tone of other bronchial rings in response to 10 μM isoproterenol. We demonstrate a unique characteristic of human ASM; i.e., both luminal and total cross-sectional area of human airways change similarly on contraction and relaxation in vitro, resulting in a conservation of bronchiolar wall area with bronchoconstriction and dilation.

Time course of airway hyperresponsiveness and remodeling induced by hyperoxia in rats

1995 ◽  
Vol 269 (2) ◽  
pp. L227-L233 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Szarek ◽  
H. L. Ramsay ◽  
A. Andringa ◽  
M. L. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Airway Hyperresponsiveness ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Electrical Field Stimulation ◽  
Maximal Response ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Electrical Field ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of this study was to answer two questions concerning hyperoxia-induced airway hyperresponsiveness: 1) What is the time course of the development of airway hyperresponsiveness? 2) What is the relationship between the increase in responsiveness and smooth muscle area? Segments of intrapulmonary bronchi were isolated from male Sprague-Dawley rats that had been exposed to 80-85% O2 for a period of 1, 3, 5, or 7 days and from aged-matched control animals that breathed room air. Hyperoxia increased the sensitivity (log concentration or frequency that elicited a half-maximal response) and reactivity (maximum tension developed) of the airways to electrical field stimulation (EFS) after 3, 5, and 7 days; sensitivity to acetylcholine was not affected, but reactivity was increased after 7 days. Hyperoxia increased smooth muscle area beginning 5 days after commencing the exposure. After normalizing tension responses to smooth muscle area, reactivity of the airways to the stimuli was not different between the two groups, but sensitivity to EFS was still increased. The increase in reactivity observed after 5 and 7 days of exposure can be explained by an increase in smooth muscle area that occurred at these time points. The fact that the sensitivity of the airways to EFS remained increased after normalization, together with the fact that the increase in airway responsiveness after 3 days of exposure occurred at a time when smooth muscle area was not different from control, suggests that mechanisms other than increased smooth muscle area contribute to the development of hyperoxia-induced airway hyperresponsiveness.

In-vitro characterization of the pharmacological effects induced by (–)-α-bisabolol in rat smooth muscle preparations

2012 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo J.B. de Siqueira ◽  
Walter B.S. Freire ◽  
Alfredo A. Vasconcelos-Silva ◽  
Patrícia A. Fonseca-Magalhães ◽  
Francisco J.B. Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Pharmacological Effects ◽  
Bladder Tissue ◽  
In Vitro Characterization ◽  
Voltage Dependent ◽  
Spontaneous Contractions

The present study deals with the pharmacological effects of the sesquiterpene alcohol (–)-α-bisabolol on various smooth-muscle preparations from rats. Under resting tonus, (–)-α-bisabolol (30–300 µmol/L) relaxed duodenal strips, whereas it showed biphasic effects in other preparations, contracting endothelium-intact aortic rings and urinary bladder strips, and relaxing these tissues at higher concentrations (600–1000 µmol/L). In preparations precontracted either electromechanically (by 60 mmol/L K+) or pharmacomechanically (by phenylephrine or carbachol), (–)-α-bisabolol showed only relaxing properties. The pharmacological potency of (–)-α-bisabolol was variable, being higher in mesenteric vessels, whereas it exerted relaxing activity with a lesser potency on tracheal or colonic tissues. In tissues possessing spontaneous activity, (–)-α-bisabolol completely decreased spontaneous contractions in duodenum, whereas it increased their amplitude in urinary bladder tissue. Administered in vivo, (–)-α-bisabolol attenuated the increased responses of carbachol in tracheal rings of ovalbumin-sensitized rats challenged with ovalbumin, but was without effect in the decreased responsiveness of urinary bladder strips in mice treated with ifosfamide. In summary, (–)-α-bisabolol is biologically active in smooth muscle. In some tissues, (–)-α-bisabolol preferentially relaxed contractions induced electromechanically, especially in tracheal smooth muscle. The findings from tracheal rings reveal that (–)-α-bisabolol may be an inhibitor of voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels.

Sexual dimorphism of the cuticle and body-wall muscle in free-living mycophagous nematodes

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (6) ◽  
pp. 510-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Ekino ◽  
T. Yoshiga ◽  
Y. Takeuchi-Kaneko ◽  
Y. Ichihara ◽  
N. Kanzaki
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Body Wall ◽  
Body Movement ◽  
Structural Components ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Total Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Body Wall Muscles ◽  
Nematode Cuticle ◽  
Cuticle Thickness

Sexual dimorphism in motility-related traits is widespread among animals, including several species of Nematoda. However, no study has examined motility-related structural components and compared them between sexes. We examined the motility-related components in four species: Bursaphelenchus conicaudatus Kanzaki, Tsuda and Futai, 2000; Bursaphelenchus rainulfi Braasch and Burgermeister, 2002; Bursaphelenchus doui Braasch, Gu, Burgermeister and Zhang, 2005; Parasitaphelenchus costati Kanzaki, Ekino, Ide, Masuya and Degawa, 2018. We measured the structure and amount of cuticle and body-wall muscles and estimated their relationship to body diameter or total cross-sectional area. Although no structural differences were observed in muscle, the relevant muscle area of B. doui and P. costati was significantly smaller in females than in males. This difference was greatest in P. costati. In all but B. doui, the relative cuticle thickness was significantly smaller in females than in males. Furthermore, only P. costati females had no striated basal zones in their cuticles; these are thought to be cross-linked proteins that provide strength to nematode cuticle during body movement. These results indicate that sexual dimorphism in motility-related structural components is present in P. costati and that females invest less energy in the components than do males.

Investigation of Fiber-Driven Mechanical Behavior of Human and Porcine Bladder Tissue Tested Under Identical Conditions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tyler G Tuttle ◽  
Duncan Morhardt ◽  
Andrea Poli ◽  
John M. Park ◽  
Ellen M. Arruda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
Mechanical Characteristics ◽  
Large Deformations ◽  
Amorphous Matrix ◽  
Longitudinal Direction ◽  
Human Bladder ◽  
Bladder Tissue ◽  
Material Models

Abstract The urinary bladder is a highly dynamic organ, that undergoes large deformations several times a day. Mechanical characteristics of the tissue are crucial in determining the function, and dysfunction, of the organ. Yet, literature reporting on the mechanical properties of human bladder tissue is scarce and, at times, contradictory. In this study, we focused on mechanically testing tissue from both human and pig bladders using identical protocols, to validate the use of pigs as a model for the human bladder. Furthermore, we tested the effect on tissue mechanical properties of two treatments, elastase to digest elastin fibers and oxybutynin to reduce smooth muscle cells spasticity, as well as of the anatomical direction of testing. We also implemented two different material models to aid in the interpretation of the experimental results. We found that human tissue behaves similarly to pig tissue at high deformations (collagen-dominated behavior) while we detected differences between the species at low deformations (amorphous matrix-dominated behavior). Our results also suggest that elastin could play a role in determining the behavior of the collagen fibers network. Finally, we confirmed the anisotropy of the tissue which reached higher stresses in the transverse when compared to the longitudinal direction.

Active Biaxial Mechanical Properties of Bladder Wall Tissue

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiro Nagatomi ◽  
Michael B. Chancellor ◽  
Michael S. Sacks
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
Muscle Tone ◽  
Bladder Wall ◽  
Upper Urinary Tract ◽  
Biaxial Stress ◽  
Bladder Tissue ◽  
Biaxial Mechanical Properties

The urinary bladder is a smooth muscle organ whose main functions are to store and to void urine. Since the most important aspect of the storage function of the bladder is to maintain low intravesical pressure in order to protect the upper urinary tract from backflow of urine, the compliance of the bladder wall is one of the key functional paramters to assess the health of this organ. Previously, our laboratory reported, for the first time, the biaxial mechanical properties of bladder wall tissue in the inactive state (in the absence of calcium in the testing bath solution and thus smooth muscle contraction was abolished) (Gloeckner et al. 2002). The bladder in vivo, however, normaly exhibits passive smooth muscle tone during filling and active contraction during voiding. Therefore, in order to completely characterize the bladder tissue mechanical behaviors, it is necessary to examine the load-deformation relationship of the bladder under the passive and active states. In the present study, a novel experimental model was designed to allow collection of biaxial stress-strain data from urinary bladder wall tissue under passive, active and inactive states.

Pulmonary arterial smooth muscle contractility in hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension

1994 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 406-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. L. Griffith ◽  
R. A. Rhoades ◽  
C. S. Packer
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Hypertension ◽  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Chronic Hypoxia ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Pulmonary Vasculature ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Muscle Contractility ◽  
Smooth Muscle Contractility ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pulmonary Arterial

The highly compliant low-resistance pulmonary vasculature is markedly altered with chronic hypoxia. Remodeling in response to hypoxia and/or hypertension involves hypertrophy and hyperplasia of smooth muscle and excessive deposition of connective tissue that likely contributes to the maintenance or exasperates the already elevated pulmonary arterial (PA) pressure. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of chronic hypoxia on the contractile properties of PA smooth muscle. Isometric and isotonic experiments were performed on excised PA rings from pulmonary hypertensive (induced by 14 days of hypoxia) Sprague-Dawley rats. A doubling of the vessel wall thickness occurred during the development of hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension. Functionally, there was a decrease in isometric stress (force to cross-sectional area ratio). No difference was detected in the velocity of shortening or in total shortening ability. This study provides evidence that, in addition to the morphological changes, changes in PA smooth muscle contractility also appear to play a role in the development and/or maintenance of hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension.

scholarly journals Muscle and biomechanical response time in patrol horses submitted to functional training

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. e26710313204
Author(s):  
Paula Gomes Rodrigues ◽  
Katia de Oliveira ◽  
Stéphanie de Souza Vitório Alves ◽  
Camila Fernada Fidêncio ◽  
Clístenes Gomes de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stride Length ◽  
Muscle Thickness ◽  
The Body ◽  
Longissimus Dorsi ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Functional Training ◽  
Total Cross Sectional Area ◽  
The Right

Physical activities frequency and intensity performed by equine, athletes or workers, have been growing significantly enabling appearance of musculoskeletal disorders. Thus, the objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of a functional training program to measure short-, medium- and long-term response on epaxial musculature development, as well in linear kinematics of patrol horses. Eight 14±3.5 years-old horses, weighing 418±50 kg, were evaluated over a 90 days period to divided in short (30 days), medium (60 days) and long (90 days) responses. All horses were submitted to the same FTP consisting of passive stretching exercises, dynamic mobilization, reflexive mobilization and dynamic imbalance. The monitored traits were the Longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle thickness; the Musculus multifidus (MM) total cross-sectional muscle area; linear kinematic analysis through the stride length at walk (LSW) and trot (LST). The thickness of the right and left side-LD showed increase at 90-day of the training period. The MM total cross-sectional area increased progressively after 30 days on both sides of the body, and at end of the 90-day evaluation. LSW and LST increased after 60 days of training. It is concluded for short-term; exercises promoted the hypertrophy of Musculus multifidus; for medium-term, increased the stride length and, and for long-term, hypertrophy of the Longissimus dorsi was observed.

scholarly journals Smooth Muscle Specific Overexpression of p22phoxPotentiates Carotid Artery Wall Thickening in Response to Injury

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael R. Manogue ◽  
Justin R. Bennett ◽  
Drury S. Holland ◽  
Chung-Sik Choi ◽  
Douglas A. Drake ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
P38 Mapk ◽  
Wall Thickening ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Injury Response ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Temporal Regulation ◽  
Wall Area ◽  
Carotid Injury ◽  
Src Activation

We hypothesized that transgenic mice overexpressing thep22phoxsubunit of the NADPH oxidase selectively in smooth muscle (Tgp22smc) would exhibit an exacerbated response to transluminal carotid injury compared to wild-type mice. To examine the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as a mediator of vascular injury, the injury response was quantified by measuring wall thickness (WT) and cross-sectional wall area (CSWA) of the injured and noninjured arteries in bothTgp22smcand wild-type animals at days 3, 7, and 14 after injury. Akt, p38 MAPK, and Src activation were evaluated at the same time points using Western blotting. WT and CSWA following injury were significantly greater inTgp22smcmice at both 7 and 14 days after injury while noninjured contralateral carotids were similar between groups. Apocynin treatment attenuated the injury response in both groups and rendered the response similar betweenTgp22smcmice and wild-type mice. Following injury, carotid arteries fromTgp22smcmice demonstrated elevated activation of Akt at day 3, while p38 MAPK and Src activation was elevated at day 7 compared to wild-type mice. Both increased activation and temporal regulation of these signaling pathways may contribute to enhanced vascular growth in response to injury in this transgenic model of elevated vascular ROS.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document