Effect of fasting interval on CCK-8 suppression of food intake in the baboon

1986 ◽  
Vol 250 (5) ◽  
pp. R851-R855 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. Stein ◽  
D. Porte ◽  
D. P. Figlewicz ◽  
S. C. Woods
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Immunoreactive Insulin ◽  
Reliable Effect ◽  
Fasting Plasma ◽  
Plasma Immunoreactive Insulin

Baboons were infused intravenously for 5 min with the octapeptide of cholecystokinin (CCK-8) after either a 16.5- or 3.5-h fast. After a 3.5-h fast, food intake was significantly suppressed over the ensuing 30 min by 2 micrograms/kg of CCK-8 (-156 +/- 34 kcal compared with control days, P less than 0.02) and by 4 micrograms/kg of CCK-8 (-257 +/- 31 kcal, P less than 0.01). In contrast, CCK-8 had no reliable effect on food intake after the same baboons had been fasted for 16.5 h (2 micrograms/kg: -93 +/- 40 kcal, P greater than 0.05; 4 micrograms/kg: -30 +/- 82 kcal, P greater than 0.05). There was no reliable effect of 1 microgram/kg of CCK-8 on food intake at either deprivation interval. CCK-8 infusions resulted in a small increase of fasting plasma immunoreactive insulin (IRI); this effect was not related to either dose or deprivation length. Postprandial IRI and glucose concentrations were significantly suppressed by CCK-8 independently of its effect on food intake. Thus, after a 16.5-h fast, 4 micrograms/kg of CCK-8 decreased postprandial IRI from 145 +/- 65 to 29 +/- 4 microU/ml (P less than 0.01) and glucose from 101 +/- 5 to 80 +/- 3 mg/dl (P less than 0.02), despite no concomitant effect on food intake. Similar suppression of plasma IRI and glucose were observed after infusions of 1 and 2 micrograms/kg in 16.5-h-fasted animals. All doses of CCK-8 (1, 2, and 4 micrograms/kg) suppressed postprandial IRI and glucose after a 3.5-h fast.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Determinants of Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 Activity in Survivors of Myocardial Infarction

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (02) ◽  
pp. 261-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosaire P Gray ◽  
Vidya Mohamed-Ali ◽  
David L H Patterson ◽  
John S Yudkin
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Plasminogen Activator ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor ◽  
Immunoreactive Insulin ◽  
Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 ◽  
Serum Triglycerides ◽  
Fasting Plasma ◽  
Activator Inhibitor ◽  
Pai 1

SummaryA significant relationship has been described between plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and plasma insulin concentrations. However, most radioimmunoassays (RIA) substantially overestimate plasma insulin concentrations because of cross reaction with proinsulin-like molecules and it has been proposed that proinsulin-like molecules may be important determinants of PAI-1 activity. We measured fasting plasma immunoreactive insulin by conventional RIA, fasting plasma insulin (EIMA) by specific two site immuno-enzymometric assay, and intact proinsulin and des-31,32-proinsulin by two site immunoradiometric assay (IRMA) in 74 (50 nondiabetic and 24 diabetic) subjects who had survived a myocardial infarction between 6 and 24 months previously. In univariate analysis, PAI-1 activity correlated with serum triglycerides (rs=0.43; p <0.0001), insulin sensitivity (rs = -0.30; p = 0.004), and immunoreactive insulin (rs = 0.45; p <0.0001). However, the relationship between PAI-1 activity and plasma specific insulin (IEMA) was weaker (rs = 0.24; p = 0.019) than those with intact proinsulin (rs = 0.53; p <0.0001) and des-31,32-proinsulin (rs = 0.54; p <0.0001) despite the low concentrations of these proinsulin-like molecules. In multiple regression analysis, only des-31,32-proinsulin (p = 0.001) and serum triglycerides (p = 0.013) were significant determinants of PAI-1 activity. In conclusion, these results suggest that proinsulin-like molecules and serum triglycerides are important determinants of PAI-1 activity in survivors of myocardial infarction.

scholarly journals 45852 Parenting stress predicts fast food intake in an urban community sample of overweight parents of toddlers

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Tara Bautista ◽  
Nia Fogelman ◽  
Schan Lartigue ◽  
Wendy K. Silverman ◽  
Ania M. Jastreboff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Parenting Stress ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Urban Community ◽  
Community Sample

scholarly journals Exploring the relationship between health literacy and fast food consumption: a population-based study from southern Iran

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Azam Namdar ◽  
Mohammad Mehdi Naghizadeh ◽  
Marziyeh Zamani ◽  
Ali Montazeri
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Health Literacy ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Reading Skills ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Fars Province ◽  
Southern Iran ◽  
Fast Food Consumption

Abstract Background Health literacy (HL) may affect the consumption of fast food. We aimed to evaluate the effect of HL on fast food consumption among adult populations in Iran. Methods We evaluated HL and fast food consumption in 421 adult participants with age range of 18–65 years old in Fasa, Fars Province, southern Iran. Two-step cluster and systematic sampling was performed to recruit the study sample. Data were collected using a fast food consumption checklist, and the Health Literacy Instrument for Adults (HELIA) by face-to-face interviews. Population data across groups with and without fast food intake were compared. Results Most participants used fast food every few months (49.9%). People with low or unstable income consumed more fast food than others (P < 0.05). Sandwich and hotdog were the most consumed fast food (60.8%) followed by pizza (34.9%). Sausage and soda were the most seasoning food (66.7%). Most participants used fast food as dinner (67.9%) and with family (72.2%), suggesting the institutionalized consumption of this type of food in the family. Fun was the most frequent reason for the use of fast food (66.5%). Most participants completely knew about the raw materials for fast food and their adverse effects. Finally, we found that overall health literacy was lower among those who used fast food than those who did not. Consumed fast food (68.16 ± 23.85 vs. 73.15 ± 20.15; p = 0.021). This difference was also observed for some components of health literacy including reading skills, and decision-making subscales. Conclusions The findings suggest there is a negative relationship between general health literacy and fast food consumption indicating that who possess lower level of health literacy is likely to consume more fast food. Specifically, the findings suggest that reading skills, and decision-making (behavioral intention) are more associated with decreased or increased fast food intake.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Determinants of High Blood Pressure among Adolescents: A School based Study in Rural Area of Hooghly District, West Bengal

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 205-210
Author(s):  
Malay Kumar Das ◽  
Rabindranath Sinha ◽  
Aparajita Dasgupta
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
High Blood Pressure ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases

Introduction: The World Health Organization has already warned of increasing non-communicable diseases among adolescents as a major public health problem. The importance of this age group also lies in the fact that many serious diseases in adulthood have their roots in adolescence. Method: A pre-designed and pre-tested questionnaire was used in class-room setting to collect information from students regarding presence of risk factors of non-communicable diseases. The respondents were also subjected to anthropometric measurements and blood pressure examination using standard operating procedures. Results: A total of 761 students of class VI-XII participated in the study of which 61.4% were boys and rests were girls. High blood pressure among boys and girls were 19.9% and 22.1% were respectively. In Bivariate analysis age > 15 years (median) (OR= 2.11), fast food intake (>3 times/week) (OR= 1.66), Alcohol consumption (OR= 2.22), less physical activity (OR=1.54), increased body mass index (OR=2.53), significantly associated with high blood pressure. In Multivariate analysis age (AOR= 2.25), fast food intake (AOR= 1.50), Alcohol consumption (OR= 2.23), less physical activity (AOR=1.71), increased body mass index (AOR=2.42) remains significant predictor. Conclusion: Detecting the risk factors of high blood pressure prevalent in the population is of utmost importance to achieve a healthy population. Formulation and dissemination of need--based, culturally acceptable and age appropriate scientific messages for school students should be conducted more proactively. Keywords: Adolescents, Blood pressure, Risk factor, Rural school.

Effects of selective insulin or glucagon deficiency on glucose turnover.

1979 ◽  
Vol 236 (3) ◽  
pp. E255
Author(s):  
H L Lickley ◽  
G G Ross ◽  
M Vranic
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Production ◽  
Plasma Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Glucose Turnover ◽  
Immunoreactive Insulin ◽  
Hormonal Changes ◽  
Futile Cycling ◽  
Plasma Immunoreactive Insulin ◽  
Glucagon Suppression ◽  
Glucagon And Insulin

To study the importance of glucagon and insulin in diabetes, somatostatin (ST) was infused, alone or with insulin or glucagon, in 11 conscious dogs. Plasma immunoreactive insulin (IRI) and glucagon (IRG) levels fell 65 +/- 4% and 33 +/- 3%, respectively, with somatostatin infusion. Glucose production (Ra) assessed by [3-3H]glucose, [2-3H]glucose, or [1-14C]glucose decreased transiently. This is in contrast to the rise in Ra seen after insulin withdrawal in depancreatized dogs, which have normal levels of IRG. Thus, suppression of IRG with somatostatin prevented an increase in Ra in spite of suppression of IRI. When near basal IRG levels were provided during ST infusion in normal dogs, Ra increased, indicating that glucagon contributes to the acute development of diabetes. When basal IRI levels were provided with ST, suppression of Ra was maintained, suggesting that the transience of the metabolic effects of ST-induced glucagon suppression requires concomitant insulin suppression. A comparison of glucose turnover measured using different tracers showed that ST-related hormonal changes did not alter the rate of futile cycling in the liver. ST induced a rise in plasma free fatty acid (FFA) levels, attributed solely to insulin deficiency, as glucagon suppression did not significantly alter FFA concentrations when normal insulin levels were maintained.

scholarly journals Associations of early adulthood life transitions with changes in fast food intake: a latent trajectory analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleanor M. Winpenny ◽  
Megan R. Winkler ◽  
Jan Stochl ◽  
Esther M. F. van Sluijs ◽  
Nicole Larson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Life Transitions ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Parental Home ◽  
Major Life ◽  
Full Time Employment ◽  
Leaving The Parental Home ◽  
Major Life Transitions

Abstract Background Early adulthood is a period of rapid personal development when individuals experience major life transitions (e.g. leaving the parental home, leaving education, beginning employment, cohabitation and parenthood). Changes in social and physical environments associated with these transitions may influence development of health-related behaviours. Consumption of fast food is one behaviour associated with poor diet and long-term health outcomes. In this study we assess how frequency of fast food consumption changes across early adulthood, and how major life transitions are associated with changes in fast food intake. Methods Data were collected across four waves of the Project EAT study, from mean age 14.9 (SD = 1.6) to mean age 31.1 (SD = 1.6) years. Participants reporting data at two or more waves were included (n = 2902). Participants reported past week frequency of eating food from a fast food restaurant and responded to questions on living arrangements, education and employment participation, and having children. To assess changes in fast food we developed a latent growth model incorporating an underlying trajectory of fast food intake, five life transitions, and time-invariant covariates. Results Mean fast food intake followed an underlying quadratic trajectory, increasing through adolescence to a maximum of 1.88 (SE 0.94) times/week and then decreasing again through early adulthood to 0.76 (SE 2.06) times/week at wave 4. Beginning full-time employment and becoming a parent both contributed to increases in fast food intake, each resulting in an average increase in weekly fast food intake of 0.16 (p < 0.01) times/week. Analysis of changes between pairs of waves revealed stronger associations for these two transitions between waves 1–2 (mean age 14.9–19.4 years) than seen in later waves. Leaving the parental home and beginning cohabitation were associated with decreases in fast food intake of − 0.17 (p = 0.004) and − 0.16 (p = 0.007) times/week respectively, while leaving full-time education was not associated with any change. Conclusions The transitions of beginning full-time employment and becoming a parent were associated with increases in fast food intake. Public health policy or interventions designed to reduce fast food intake in young adults may benefit from particular focus on populations experiencing these transitions, to ameliorate their impact.

Intracisternal insulin alters sensitivity to CCK-induced meal suppression in baboons

1986 ◽  
Vol 250 (5) ◽  
pp. R856-R860 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. P. Figlewicz ◽  
L. J. Stein ◽  
D. West ◽  
D. Porte ◽  
S. C. Woods
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Insulin Infusion ◽  
Meal Size ◽  
Immunoreactive Insulin ◽  
Gut Peptides ◽  
Insulin Levels ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Total Food Intake ◽  
Single Meal

We have previously reported that intravenous administration of the octapeptide of cholecystokinin (CCK-8) is more effective in reducing single meal size in baboons at noontime than in the morning. We have also reported that immunoreactive insulin levels in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are elevated after animals have recently eaten. To test whether elevated CSF insulin levels can alter the efficacy of intravenous CCK to reduce meal size we administered subthreshold doses of CCK-8 to baboons infused with either synthetic CSF or CSF and insulin (100 microU X kg-1 X day-1) via the cisterna magna. Intravenous CCK-8 alone reduced 30-min meal size from 504 +/- 121 to 378 +/- 113 kcal (n = 7, P = NS). Chronic intracisternal insulin infusion enhanced CCK-8's suppressive effects such that 30-min meal size was reduced from 544 +/- 74 to 240 +/- 108 kcal (n = 7, P less than 0.005). Intracisternal insulin infusion had no significant effect on total food intake, basal plasma insulin and glucose levels, or postprandial plasma insulin and glucose levels. These findings suggest that central insulin may contribute to food intake regulation by modulating the ability of brain-gut peptides to alter single meal size.

scholarly journals The Contribution of Food Consumption to Well-Being

2019 ◽  
Vol 74 (Suppl. 2) ◽  
pp. 44-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark D. Holder
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Positive Psychology ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Healthy Foods ◽  
Personal Strengths ◽  
The Relationship

The newly emerging field of positive psychology focuses on the positive facets of life, including happiness, life satisfaction, personal strengths, and flourishing. Research in this field has empirically identified many important benefits of enhanced well-being, including improvements in blood pressure, immune competence, longevity, career success, and satisfaction with personal relationships. Recognizing these benefits has motivated researchers to identify the correlates and causes of well-being to inform them in the development and testing of strategies and interventions to elevate well-being. As positive psychology researchers throughout the world have turned their attention toward facets of food intake, a consensus is developing that the consumption of healthy foods can enhance well-being in a dose-response fashion. The link between unhealthy foods and well-being is less clear. Some studies suggest that under certain conditions, fast food may increase happiness, though other studies demonstrate that fast food can indirectly undermine happiness. The positive impact of food consumption on well-being is not limited to what people consume but extends to how they consume it and social factors related to eating. Though the research suggests that our food intake, particularly fruits and vegetables, increases our well-being, this research is in its infancy. Research specifically focused on subpopulations, including infants and pregnant mothers, is mostly lacking, and the mechanisms that underlie the relationship between food consumption and well-being remain to be elucidated.

scholarly journals Plasma ghrelin concentrations in elderly subjects: comparison with anorexic and obese patients

2002 ◽  
Vol 175 (1) ◽  
pp. R1-R5 ◽  
Author(s):  
AE Rigamonti ◽  
AI Pincelli ◽  
B Corra ◽  
R Viarengo ◽  
SM Bonomo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Baseline Serum ◽  
Insulin Levels ◽  
Gh Secretion ◽  
Fasting Plasma ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Igf I

Ghrelin, a novel endogenous ligand for the GH secretagogue receptor, has been reported to stimulate GH secretion and food intake in both humans and other animals. Interestingly, recent data indicate that ghrelin is up- and down-regulated in anorexia nervosa (AN) and obesity, which are also known to be accompanied by increased and reduced GH levels respectively. Ageing is associated with a gradual but progressive reduction in GH secretion, and by alterations in appetite and food intake. The role of ghrelin in the decline of somatotroph function and the anorexia of ageing is unknown. To investigate the influence of age on circulating levels of ghrelin, a total of 19 young and old normal weight subjects (Y-NW, n=12; O-NW, n=7), six patients with active AN (A-AN), and seven patients with morbid obesity (OB) were studied. In addition to fasting plasma ghrelin concentrations, baseline serum TSH, IGF-I and insulin levels were measured. Mean plasma ghrelin concentrations in A-AN or OB were higher and lower respectively than those present in Y-NW. Interestingly, mean plasma ghrelin concentrations in O-NW were significantly lower than those present in Y-NW and superimposable on those of OB. The mean fasting plasma ghrelin concentrations in all groups of subjects were negatively correlated with body mass index and serum insulin levels, but not with TSH and IGF-I levels. This study provides evidence of an age-related decline of plasma ghrelin concentrations, which might explain, at least partially, the somatotroph dysregulation and the anorexia of the elderly subject.

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