Release of hypothalamic cholecystokinin in cats: effects of nutrient and volume loading

1989 ◽  
Vol 256 (1) ◽  
pp. R248-R254 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. R. Schick ◽  
T. L. Yaksh ◽  
D. R. Roddy ◽  
V. L. Go
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Molecular Form ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Volume Loading ◽  
Protein Meal ◽  
Predominant Form

Systemic cholecystokinin (CCK) suppresses food intake in various species and has therefore been proposed to act as a satiety factor. Because CCK is also present in the hypothalamus and furthermore meets neurotransmitter criteria, the hypothesis was tested whether CCK participates in the transmission of satiety messages at the lateral hypothalamic (LH) level. The results of this study demonstrate that in halothane-anesthetized cats, neurons located in the LH will indeed release CCK-like material after a carbohydrate-protein meal in a time-dependent fashion. This release, as water loads demonstrate, is most likely due to volumetric distension rather than to the nutrient content. The releasable CCK does not originate from peripheral sources, since intravenously infused CCK octapeptide (CCK-8) does not appear in the perfusate. The release occurs only in discrete neurons and is not universal to CCK-releasing systems within the LH, and also, CCK-releasing systems are not present at all locations. The molecular form of CCK in feline hypothalamus is the COOH-terminal octapeptide (CCK-8) as shown by high-performance liquid chromatography. No gastrin-17 is present. CCK-8 is also the predominant form found in meal-induced as well as in KCl-induced CCK released from hypothalamic neurons. These results suggest a correlated role for hypothalamic CCK in the termination of food intake.

scholarly journals Electroacupuncture Alleviates Cisplatin-Induced Nausea in Rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 120-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingxue Cui ◽  
Linpeng Wang ◽  
Guangxia Shi ◽  
Lu Liu ◽  
Pei Pei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Nausea And Vomiting ◽  
Solitary Tract ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Fos Expression

Objective Acupuncture has been shown to be effective for the treatment of chemotherapy-related nausea and vomiting. The aim of this study was to explore the mechanisms of action underlying the anti-emetic effect of electroacupuncture (EA). Design Forty-eight rats received saline (n=12) or 6 mg/kg cisplatin (n=36) to establish a chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting model. EA was performed at CV12 (n=12), bilateral PC6 (n=12), or sham points (n=12) 3 days before and 1–2 days after cisplatin administration (4–5 times in total), at 0.5–1 mA intensity and 2/15 Hz frequency for 10 min. Kaolin intake, food intake and bodyweight change were evaluated as markers of nausea and vomiting severity. Concentrations of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) in the duodenum and c-Fos expression in the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) were measured using high performance liquid chromatography and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Results Cisplatin administration led to increased kaolin intake and reduced food intake and bodyweight over the following 2 days. EA at CV12 significantly reversed the cisplatin-induced change in kaolin intake (on days 1 and 2) and food intake and bodyweight (on day 1). EA at CV12 also attenuated the cisplatin-induced increase in 5-HT in the duodenum and suppressed c-Fos expression in the NTS. EA at PC6 influenced kaolin intake (on day 1 only) and c-Fos expression, but had no statistically significant effect on food intake, bodyweight or 5-HT expression. Conclusions This study demonstrated beneficial effects of EA on chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in a rat model. The anti-emetic effect of EA may be mediated through inhibition of 5-HT secretion in the duodenum and activity of the NTS.

Characterization by high-performance liquid chromatography of circulating growth hormone-releasing factors in normal subjects

1986 ◽  
Vol 111 (3) ◽  
pp. 507-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. S. Penny ◽  
A. M. Sopwith ◽  
R. L. Patience ◽  
J. A. H. Wass ◽  
G. M. Besser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Molecular Form ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Reversed Phase ◽  
Percentage Increase ◽  
Mixed Meal ◽  
Analytical Separation

ABSTRACT Four forms of circulating immunoreactive human GH-releasing factor (ir-hGRF) have been identified in each of four normal subjects, with a mean increase in total ir-hGRF of twofold over basal levels following a mixed meal. Plasma samples (200 ml) from each individual were subjected to large-scale Vycor extraction with initial purification by high-performance liquid chromatography on a reversed-phase C18 column, followed by analytical separation of the ir-hGRF components using a C3 wide-pore reversed-phase column, and subsequent radioimmunoassay of the fractions. The mean recovery of total ir-hGRF from the plasma (fasted and non-fasted) was 76±16% (2×s.e.m.). Analytical separation of the ir-hGRF revealed four components which co-eluted with synthetic hGRF-37, hGRF-40 and hGRF-44, and a peak eluting between hGRF-40 and -44 which may represent hGRF-42. The hGRF-40 was shown to be the predominant circulating molecular form in the fasted state in each subject, and in three out of four subjects following a mixed meal. The hGRF-44 showed the greatest percentage increase over basal in all four individuals. J. Endocr. (1986) 111, 507–511

Plasma [3H]noradrenaline kinetics in man: is separation of alumina extracts by high performance liquid chromatography necessary?

1988 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alastair J. McCance ◽  
J. Colin Forfar
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Intravenous Infusion ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Dependent Change ◽  
Time Dependent Change ◽  
Venous Plasma

1. After an 80 min intravenous infusion of 1-[3H]noradrenaline ([3H]NA) in 19 subjects, the proportion of alumina-extractable 3H due to [3H]NA was 86 ± 2% in arterial and 78 ± 2% in venous plasma. [3H]Dihydroxy-phenylethyleneglycol ([3H]DHPG) accounted for 8 ± 1% in arterial and 13 ± 1% in venous plasma. [3H]Dihydroxymandelic acid ([3H]DOMA) was not detected. 2. No time-dependent change in the proportion of alumina-extractable 3H due to [3H]NA was seen in either arterial or venous plasma over this period. In venous plasma the proportion of alumina-extractable 3H due to [3H]DHPG increased slightly between 30 and 80 min, from 10 ± 1% to 13 ± 1%. 3. The results were unchanged with chronic β-blockade and with either 1-[2,5,6-3H]NA or 1-[7,8-3H]NA. 4. After [3H]NA infusion in man the radioactivity recovered after alumina extraction is predominantly [3H]NA and thus can be used directly to determine [3H]NA kinetics without the need for metabolite separation.

scholarly journals Declining Concentrations of Dihydroartemisinin in Plasma during 5-Day Oral Treatment with Artesunate for Falciparum Malaria

1999 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 690-692 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyen Xuan Khanh ◽  
Peter J. de Vries ◽  
Le Dang Ha ◽  
Chris J. van Boxtel ◽  
Richard Koopmans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Falciparum Malaria ◽  
Electrochemical Detection ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Oral Treatment ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Uncomplicated Falciparum Malaria ◽  
Fast Recovery

ABSTRACT Six patients with uncomplicated falciparum malaria received artesunate for 5 days. Plasma concentrations of artesunate and dihydroartemisinin were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. The concentrations of dihydroartemisinin in plasma 2 h after a dose showed a time-dependent decline. Concentrations of artesunate in plasma especially after the last dose, were very low. Despite this, all patients responded with a fast recovery.

scholarly journals Effects of Exercise on the Pharmacokinetics of Icariin II in Rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Xiliang Kong
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Parameters ◽  
Safe Medication ◽  
Quiet State ◽  
Further Development

High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was established to determine the concentration of Icariin II in rats. The time-dependent changes in rats after taking Icariin II were studied, and the main pharmacokinetic parameters were obtained. The main pharmacokinetic parameters of taking the medicine in a quiet state, taking the medicine after half an hour of exercise and taking the medicine after long-term exercise were compared to verify whether the absorption and utilization of the Icariin II were more favorable in the exercise state; The paper has important guiding significance for guiding athletes to safe medication and further development of this drug.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document