scholarly journals Electroacupuncture Alleviates Cisplatin-Induced Nausea in Rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 120-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingxue Cui ◽  
Linpeng Wang ◽  
Guangxia Shi ◽  
Lu Liu ◽  
Pei Pei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Nausea And Vomiting ◽  
Solitary Tract ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Fos Expression

Objective Acupuncture has been shown to be effective for the treatment of chemotherapy-related nausea and vomiting. The aim of this study was to explore the mechanisms of action underlying the anti-emetic effect of electroacupuncture (EA). Design Forty-eight rats received saline (n=12) or 6 mg/kg cisplatin (n=36) to establish a chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting model. EA was performed at CV12 (n=12), bilateral PC6 (n=12), or sham points (n=12) 3 days before and 1–2 days after cisplatin administration (4–5 times in total), at 0.5–1 mA intensity and 2/15 Hz frequency for 10 min. Kaolin intake, food intake and bodyweight change were evaluated as markers of nausea and vomiting severity. Concentrations of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) in the duodenum and c-Fos expression in the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) were measured using high performance liquid chromatography and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Results Cisplatin administration led to increased kaolin intake and reduced food intake and bodyweight over the following 2 days. EA at CV12 significantly reversed the cisplatin-induced change in kaolin intake (on days 1 and 2) and food intake and bodyweight (on day 1). EA at CV12 also attenuated the cisplatin-induced increase in 5-HT in the duodenum and suppressed c-Fos expression in the NTS. EA at PC6 influenced kaolin intake (on day 1 only) and c-Fos expression, but had no statistically significant effect on food intake, bodyweight or 5-HT expression. Conclusions This study demonstrated beneficial effects of EA on chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in a rat model. The anti-emetic effect of EA may be mediated through inhibition of 5-HT secretion in the duodenum and activity of the NTS.

scholarly journals Intravascular Residence Time Determination for the Cyanide Antidote Dimethyl Trisulfide in Rat by Using Liquid-Liquid Extraction Coupled with High Performance Liquid Chromatography

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepthika De Silva ◽  
Steven Lee ◽  
Anna Duke ◽  
Siva Angalakurthi ◽  
Ching-En Chou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Residence Time ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Liquid Extraction ◽  
Dimethyl Trisulfide ◽  
Liquid Liquid Extraction ◽  
Cyanide Antidote ◽  
Limit Of Quantitation

These studies represent the first report on the intravascular residence time determinations for the cyanide antidote dimethyl trisulfide (DMTS) in a rat model by using high performance liquid chromatography coupled with ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy (HPLC-UV). The newly developed sample preparation included liquid-liquid extraction by cyclohexanone. The calibration curves showed a linear response for DMTS concentrations between 0.010 and 0.30 mg/mL withR2= 0.9994. The limit of detection for DMTS via this extraction method was 0.010 mg/mL, and the limit of quantitation was 0.034 mg/mL. Thus this calibration curve provided a tool for determining DMTS in the range between 0.04 and 0.30 mg/mL. Rats were given 20 mg/kg DMTS dose (in 15% Polysorbate 80) intravenously, and blood samples were taken 15, 60, 90, 120, and 240 min after DMTS injections. The data points were plotted as DMTS concentration in RBCs versus time, and the intravascular residence time was determined graphically. The results indicated a half-life of 36 min in a rat model, suggesting that the circulation time is long enough to provide a reasonable time interval for cyanide antagonism.

scholarly journals Chemical Fingerprint Profiles and Pharmacodynamic Investigation for Quality Evaluation of Moxa Smoke by UHPLC in a Rat Model of Superficial Infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Yanling Wang ◽  
Shengbing Wu ◽  
Leijing Chen ◽  
Guo Xu ◽  
Xiaoxiao Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Wound Healing ◽  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Superficial Infection ◽  
Chromatographic Peaks

Introduction. Moxibustion, a traditional Chinese medicine technique, involves the use of moxa smoke from Folium Artemisia argyi to treat various disorders, especially superficial infections. However, there is a higher health risk for people exposed to high levels of moxa smoke for extended durations. Here, we report the first ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) fingerprint profiles and pharmacodynamic evaluation of moxa smoke, as well as evaluation of its aqueous solution on a rat model of superficial infection. Methods. A novel method for moxa smoke fingerprint profiling was developed using UHPLC under characteristic wavelength. Chromatographic peaks were further analyzed by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF/MS). 12 sample batches obtained from various Chinese provinces were then analyzed using similarity evaluation, clustering analysis, and principal component analysis. The pharmacodynamics of moxa smoke and moxa aqueous solution were investigated on a rat model of acute skin wound infection. Results. UHPLC fingerprint profiles of 12 batches of moxa smoke were generated at 270 nm wavelength and 21 chromatographic peaks extracted as common peaks. Similarity between the 12 batches ranged from 0.341 to 0.982. Based on cluster analysis, the 12 batches of moxa smoke samples were clustered into five groups. Principal component analysis showed that the cumulative contribution of the three principal components reached 90.17%. Eigenvalues of the first, second, and third principal components were 10.794, 6.504, and 1.638, respectively. The corresponding variance contribution rates were 51.40%, 30.97%, and 7.80%, respectively. Pharmacological analysis found that wound healing was slow in the model group relative to the mupirocin ointment, moxa smoke, and aqueous moxa smoke solution groups. Histological analysis revealed markedly reduced tissue inflammation in rats treated with moxa smoke or its aqueous solution. Conclusions. Moxa smoke and its aqueous solution significantly promote wound healing upon superficial infection. A novel quality control method for moxa smoke was established and evaluated for the first time. As its main effects are unchanged, the transformation of moxa smoke into aqueous moxa smoke improves safety and is a simple and controllable process.

Release of hypothalamic cholecystokinin in cats: effects of nutrient and volume loading

1989 ◽  
Vol 256 (1) ◽  
pp. R248-R254 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. R. Schick ◽  
T. L. Yaksh ◽  
D. R. Roddy ◽  
V. L. Go
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Molecular Form ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Volume Loading ◽  
Protein Meal ◽  
Predominant Form

Systemic cholecystokinin (CCK) suppresses food intake in various species and has therefore been proposed to act as a satiety factor. Because CCK is also present in the hypothalamus and furthermore meets neurotransmitter criteria, the hypothesis was tested whether CCK participates in the transmission of satiety messages at the lateral hypothalamic (LH) level. The results of this study demonstrate that in halothane-anesthetized cats, neurons located in the LH will indeed release CCK-like material after a carbohydrate-protein meal in a time-dependent fashion. This release, as water loads demonstrate, is most likely due to volumetric distension rather than to the nutrient content. The releasable CCK does not originate from peripheral sources, since intravenously infused CCK octapeptide (CCK-8) does not appear in the perfusate. The release occurs only in discrete neurons and is not universal to CCK-releasing systems within the LH, and also, CCK-releasing systems are not present at all locations. The molecular form of CCK in feline hypothalamus is the COOH-terminal octapeptide (CCK-8) as shown by high-performance liquid chromatography. No gastrin-17 is present. CCK-8 is also the predominant form found in meal-induced as well as in KCl-induced CCK released from hypothalamic neurons. These results suggest a correlated role for hypothalamic CCK in the termination of food intake.

scholarly journals Impact of Environments on the Accumulation of Capsaicinoids in Capsicum spp.

HortScience ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 46 (12) ◽  
pp. 1576-1581 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tulsi Gurung ◽  
Suchila Techawongstien ◽  
Bhalang Suriharn ◽  
Sungcom Techawongstien
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
High Performance ◽  
High Stability ◽  
Chiang Mai ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Pharmaceutical Applications ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Capsicum Spp

The use of a chili fruit is distinguished by its capsaicinoid content, which shows many beneficial effects in food and pharmaceutical applications. However, chilies exhibit wide variations in the accumulation of capsaicinoids depending on their genotype and environmental interaction. Therefore, we conducted experiments to evaluate the capsaicinoid responses of 14 cultivars of chili across four different elevations. Experiments were conducted during the rainy season from June to Oct. 2009 at elevations of 200 m asl (Khon Kaen) and 680 m asl (Chiang Mai) in Thailand and from Apr. to Sept. 2010 at elevations of 1400 m asl (Lobesa) and 1630 m asl (Kabesa) in Bhutan. A high-performance liquid chromatography technique was used to determine capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin. Significant differences were observed among the cultivars, the locations, and the cultivar-by-location interactions. Large variations of cultivar effects indicate that it is possible to select cultivars for capsaicinoid concentration that are adapted over a wide range of environments. Average capsaicin, dihydrocapsaicin, and total capsaicinoids were greater at higher elevations in a particular year. There was significant correlation between capsaicin and total capsaicinoid contents with elevations, but capsaicinoid yield showed negative correlation. Small-fruited cultivars with high pungency showed consistent capsaicinoid production over different environments. Dallay khorsaney, KKU-P-22006, KKU-P-31141, and KKU-P-21041 cultivars showed high stability for pungency, producing high capsaicinoids at all four locations.

The comparison of two Chemometric Assisted UV Spectrophotometric Techniques with High-performance Liquid Chromatography Methods for simultaneous determination of three Antiemetic drugs used in Chemotherapy Induced Nausea and Vomiting

2021 ◽  
pp. 4815-4824
Author(s):  
Veena Devi Singh ◽  
Vijay Kumar Singh ◽  
Sanjay J Daharwal
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Multivariate Calibration ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Nausea And Vomiting ◽  
Control Analysis ◽  
Calibration Methods ◽  
Significant Difference

This research work was emphasis to adopt green analytical chemistry via development of environmentally friendly methods for simultaneously estimation of drugs used for chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting (CINV). In these study two multivariate calibration methods namely; Partial least square (PLS) models, Principal component regression (PCR) and RP-HPLC (Reverse phase- high performance liquid chromatography) method were employed for simultaneous assessment of aprepitant (APT), dexamethsone (DEX) and ondansetron (OND) in their market formuations. The chromatographic separation was achieved on Phenomenex Luna C18 column (150mm X 4.6mm in diameter with 5μ particle size) and detection was carried out by UV-Visible detector. The mobile phase comprises a mixture of ethanol and toluene in a ratio of 65:35% v/v, at the flow rate of 1.2ml/ min. The elution was monitored at 225nm and total run time required for separation was 10 min. The retention time of APT, DEX and OND were found to be 4.37 min, 6.57 and 8.11 min respectively. The Applied methods were validated as per ICH guidelines to achieve maximum sensitivity and lowest error. Linearity range for multivariate calibration methods was found to be 5-50μg/mL for APT, DEX and OND and similarly for HPLC methods was found to be 5-30μg/mL,5-30μg/mL and 5-50μg/mL of APT, DEX and OND respectively. A statistical procedure was carried out to find statistical difference among these developed methods. The results revealed that there is no significant difference between two multivariate models and HPLC methods. Therefore, it could be applied as an alternative of HPLC method in quality control laboratories lacking the required facilities for these expensive instruments. Hence, proposed method can also be applied in clinical pharmacy, toxicology and quality control analysis without the interference of commonly encountered dosage form additives.

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