Rhythms in Fos expression in brain areas related to the sleep-wake cycle in the diurnal Arvicanthis niloticus

2000 ◽  
Vol 278 (5) ◽  
pp. R1267-R1274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colleen M. Novak ◽  
Laura Smale ◽  
Antonio A. Nunez
Keyword(s):  
Thalamic Nucleus ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Early Gene ◽  
Light Phase ◽  
Dark Cycle ◽  
Brain Areas ◽  
Tuberomammillary Nucleus ◽  
Fos Expression ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Arvicanthis Niloticus

Most mammals show daily rhythms in sleep and wakefulness controlled by the primary circadian pacemaker, the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). Regardless of whether a species is diurnal or nocturnal, neural activity in the SCN and expression of the immediate-early gene product Fos increases during the light phase of the cycle. This study investigated daily patterns of Fos expression in brain areas outside the SCN in the diurnal rodent Arvicanthis niloticus. We specifically focused on regions related to sleep and arousal in animals kept on a 12:12-h light-dark cycle and killed at 1 and 5 h after both lights-on and lights-off. The ventrolateral preoptic area (VLPO), which contained cells immunopositive for galanin, showed a rhythm in Fos expression with a peak at zeitgeber time (ZT) 17 (with lights-on at ZT 0). Fos expression in the paraventricular thalamic nucleus (PVT) increased during the morning (ZT 1) but not the evening activity peak of these animals. No rhythm in Fos expression was found in the centromedial thalamic nucleus (CMT), but Fos expression in the CMT and PVT was positively correlated. A rhythm in Fos expression in the ventral tuberomammillary nucleus (VTM) was 180° out of phase with the rhythm in the VLPO. Furthermore, Fos production in histamine-immunoreactive neurons of the VTM cells increased at the light-dark transitions when A. niloticus show peaks of activity. The difference in the timing of the sleep-wake cycle in diurnal and nocturnal mammals may be due to changes in the daily pattern of activity in brain regions important in sleep and wakefulness such as the VLPO and the VTM.

Daily rhythms in Fos activity in the rat ventrolateral preoptic area and midline thalamic nuclei

1998 ◽  
Vol 275 (5) ◽  
pp. R1620-R1626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colleen M. Novak ◽  
Antonio A. Nunez
Keyword(s):  
Thalamic Nucleus ◽  
Preoptic Area ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Early Gene ◽  
Thalamic Nuclei ◽  
Daily Rhythms ◽  
Dark Cycle ◽  
Nuclear Phosphoprotein ◽  
Fos Expression ◽  
Ventrolateral Preoptic Area

The present experiment investigated the expression of the nuclear phosphoprotein Fos over the 24-h light-dark cycle in regions of the rat brain related to sleep and vigilance, including the ventrolateral preoptic area (VLPO), the paraventricular thalamic nucleus (PVT), and the central medial thalamic nucleus (CMT). Immunocytochemistry for Fos, an immediate-early gene product used as an index of neuronal activity, was carried out on brain sections from rats perfused at zeitgeber time (ZT) 1, ZT 5, ZT 12.5, and ZT 17 (lights on ZT 0–ZT 12). The number of Fos-immunopositive (Fos+) cells in the VLPO was elevated at ZT 5 and 12.5 (i.e., during or just after the rest phase of the cycle). Fos+cell number increased at ZT 17 and ZT 1 in the PVT and CMT, 180° out of phase with the VLPO. A positive correlation was found between the numbers of Fos+ cells in the PVT and CMT, and Fos expression in each thalamic nucleus was negatively correlated with VLPO Fos+ cell number. The VLPO, PVT, and CMT may integrate circadian and homeostatic influences to regulate the sleep-wake cycle.

scholarly journals Effects of the alpha-1 antagonist prazosin on KOR agonist-induced reinstatement of alcohol seeking

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas Funk ◽  
Kathleen Coen ◽  
Sahar Tamadon ◽  
A D Lê
Keyword(s):  
Stress Responses ◽  
Brain Activation ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Stress Disorders ◽  
Kappa Opioid Receptors ◽  
Brain Areas ◽  
Adrenoceptor Antagonist ◽  
Fos Expression ◽  
Alcohol Seeking

Abstract Background Stress is associated with relapse to alcohol seeking during abstinence, but the processes underlying this relationship are poorly understood. Noradrenaline is a key transmitter in stress responses and in stress-induced drug seeking. The alpha-1 adrenoceptor antagonist prazosin has been investigated as a treatment for alcoholism and for chronic stress disorders that are frequently comorbid with alcoholism. In rats, we previously showed that prazosin blocks reinstatement of alcohol seeking induced by footshock and yohimbine stressors, and reduces yohimbine-induced brain activation. The role of alpha-1 adrenoceptors in reinstatement induced by other stressors is not known. Our most recent work is on the role of kappa opioid receptors (KOR) in stress-induced reinstatement of alcohol seeking and have reported that the selective KOR agonist U50,488 induces reinstatement and neuronal activation in stress- and relapse-related brain regions. Here we determine the involvement of alpha-1 receptors in reinstatement and brain activation induced by U50,488. Methods We trained male Long-Evans rats to self-administer alcohol (12% w/v), extinguished alcohol-reinforced responding and then determined the effects of prazosin (1 mg/kg) on U50,488 (2.5 mg/kg)-induced reinstatement and regional Fos expression. Results Prazosin blocked U50,488-induced reinstatement and decreased U50,488-induced Fos expression in the OFC, NAC core, ventral BNST, CeA, BLA and VTA. Conclusions These findings suggest that prazosin may reduce U50,488-induced relapse by inhibiting activity in one or more of these brain areas.

scholarly journals Neural control of fasting-induced torpor in mice

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Timna Hitrec ◽  
Marco Luppi ◽  
Stefano Bastianini ◽  
Fabio Squarcio ◽  
Chiara Berteotti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Neural Control ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Early Gene ◽  
Brain Areas ◽  
Dorsomedial Hypothalamus ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Cholera Toxin Subunit B ◽  
Raphe Pallidus ◽  
Subunit B

Abstract Torpor is a peculiar mammalian behaviour, characterized by the active reduction of metabolic rate, followed by a drop in body temperature. To enter torpor, the activation of all thermogenic organs that could potentially defend body temperature must be prevented. Most of these organs, such as the brown adipose tissue, are controlled by the key thermoregulatory region of the Raphe Pallidus (RPa). Currently, it is not known which brain areas mediate the entrance into torpor. To identify these areas, the expression of the early gene c-Fos at torpor onset was assessed in different brain regions in mice injected with a retrograde tracer (Cholera Toxin subunit b, CTb) into the RPa region. The results show a network of hypothalamic neurons that are specifically activated at torpor onset and a direct torpor-specific projection from the Dorsomedial Hypothalamus to the RPa that could putatively mediate the suppression of thermogenesis during torpor.

Effect of Inhibition of the Central Nucleus of the Amygdala and Drug Experience on the Regions Underlying Footshock-Induced Reinstatement of Morphine Seeking

2008 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 992-1000 ◽  
Author(s):  
DY Ma ◽  
MY Xu ◽  
HC Yang ◽  
LZ Yang
Keyword(s):  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Place Preference ◽  
Central Nucleus ◽  
Stria Terminalis ◽  
Drug Experience ◽  
Bed Nucleus ◽  
Fos Expression ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Brain

This study assessed the effect of inhibition of the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) and drug experience on brain regions underlying footshock-induced reinstatement of morphine-seeking behaviour in rats. The difference in time spent in two chambers of a place-preference apparatus was used to measure morphine-conditioned place preference. Fos was measured as a marker of neuronal activation in the ventral bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNSTv) and ventral tegmental area (VTA). Footshock was found to enhance Fos expression in the BNSTv regardless of drug experience. In the VTA, morphine and footshock had an interactive effect on the increase in Fos expression. Inhibition of the CeA decreased Fos expression in the BNSTv regardless of drug experience, whereas in the VTA this effect only occurred in morphine-treated rats. These results suggest that drug experience has no differential effect on the BNSTv however morphine produces footshock sensitization in the VTA. CeA inhibition modulates the footshock-induced activity of these regions of the brain and attenuates reinstatement of drug seeking behaviour.

scholarly journals Chronic oestrogen replacement in ovariectomised rats attenuates food intake and augments c-Fos expression in the suprachiasmatic nucleus specifically during the light phase

2011 ◽  
Vol 106 (8) ◽  
pp. 1283-1289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akira Takamata ◽  
Kayo Torii ◽  
Kana Miyake ◽  
Keiko Morimoto
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Suprachiasmatic Nucleus ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Dark Phase ◽  
Light Phase ◽  
Dark Cycle ◽  
Ovx Rats ◽  
Fos Expression ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Ovariectomised Rats

Oestrogen replacement in ovariectomised (OVX) rats has been reported to attenuate food intake, especially during the light phase. To gain better insight into the central mechanism of oestrogen-induced reduction of food intake, we examined the effect of chronic oestrogen replacement in OVX rats on c-Fos expression in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) and on food intake during the light and dark phases. Eight-week-old female rats were ovariectomised and implanted with either an oestradiol (E2) or a vehicle pellet (Veh) subcutaneously. The animals were housed in an environment with a 12 h light–12 h dark cycle with the lights on at 07.00 hours. The amount of spontaneous food intake relative to each animal's body weight was significantly less for the E2 group than for the Veh group during the light phase, but there were no differences shown between these groups during the dark phase. There were no differences shown in the number of c-Fos-immunoreactive cells in the SCN in the E2 group compared with the Veh group during the early dark phase (22.00 hours; Zeitgeber time 15.00 (ZT15)), but the number was significantly higher than in the Veh group during the early light phase (10.00 hours; ZT3). This finding suggests that chronic oestrogen replacement chronically enhances SCN activity, specifically during the light phase. The oestrogen-induced enhancement of SCN activity during the light phase is possibly involved in the light phase-specific attenuation of food intake by oestrogen replacement in OVX rats.

scholarly journals Effect of Suprachiasmatic Nucleus Lesion on Period2 and C-fos Expression in Habenular Nucleus

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiyan Xu ◽  
Chengwei Zhang ◽  
Hua Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Suprachiasmatic Nucleus ◽  
Circadian Oscillation ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Dark Cycle ◽  
Limbic Forebrain ◽  
Habenular Nucleus ◽  
Fos Expression ◽  
The Difference

The habenular nucleus (Hb) located in the epithalamus is an important connection between the limbic forebrain and midbrain pathway and it regulates physiological activities including reproduction, sleep-wake, body temperature. Hb is anatomically close to the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), the pacemaker of circadian rhythms in mammals. In vivo data showed circadian oscillation of Period2 (Per2) expression in Hb. However, it remains unknown whether the circadian oscillation of Per2 expression is regulated by SCN. We used semi-quantity RT-PCR methods to examine the relative expression of Per2 and c-fos mRNA in the Hb at 13:00 and 1:00 in the LD (light-dark) cycle either SCN was intact or destroyed. The expression of Per2 and c-fos mRNA in the Hb was higher at 13:00 than at 1:00. However, damaging the SCN abolished the difference of Per2 and c-fos mRNA expression at the two time ponits in the Hb, suggesting circadian oscillation of Per2 and c-fos gene in the Hb may be regulated by SCN under in vivo condition.

Comparative analysis of changes of bioelectrical activity of the brain during the neutral touch and during the performance of the myofascial release technique

2018 ◽  
pp. 46-55
Author(s):  
A. F. Belyaev ◽  
G. E. Piskunova
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Direct Action ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Therapeutic Touch ◽  
Bioelectrical Activity ◽  
Therapeutic Action ◽  
Osteopathic Treatment ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Multiparameter Analysis

Introduction. One of the main tools of an osteopath are soft tissue techniques, which have a number of particular qualities such as minimization of force and duration of indirect techniques with an emphasis on muscle and ligamentous structures; combination of gestures, tendency to maximal relaxation and exclusion of direct action on pathological symptoms such as tension, overtone and pain. Minimization of the force applied during the performance of soft tissue techniques often invites a question whether there are differences between the usual touch and the therapeutic touch of an osteopath.Goal of research - to reveal the changes in the bioelectrical activity of the cerebral cortex arising in the process of osteopathic treatment in order to prove its specifi city in comparison with nonspecifi c tactile stimulation (neutral touch).Materials and methods. 75 people were examined with the use of multiparameter analysis of multichannel EEG in different times. 25 patients were clinically healthy adults, whereas 50 patients had signs of somatic dysfunctions.Results. Computer encephalography permits to perceive the difference between the neutral touch and the therapeutic action. An identifi cation reaction is a response to the neutral touch (changes in brain bioelectrical activity with an increase in statistically signifi cant connections in the temporal lobes), whereas the therapeutic action provokes the state of purposeful brain activity during still point (intensifi cation of frontooccipital interactions).Conclusions. Osteopathic action causes additional tension in the processing of incoming information, which requires participation of different brain regions, including interhemispheric mechanisms associated with analysis, maintenance of attention and regulation of targeted activities.

Engaging regularly with fiction influences connectivity in cortical areas for language and mentalizing

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roel M. Willems ◽  
Franziska Hartung
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Language Skills ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Brain Areas ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Cortical Areas ◽  
Social Abilities ◽  
Behavioral Evidence ◽  
Amount Of Reading

Behavioral evidence suggests that engaging with fiction is positively correlated with social abilities. The rationale behind this link is that engaging with fictional narratives offers a ‘training modus’ for mentalizing and empathizing. We investigated the influence of the amount of reading that participants report doing in their daily lives, on connections between brain areas while they listened to literary narratives. Participants (N=57) listened to two literary narratives while brain activation was measured with fMRI. We computed time-course correlations between brain regions, and compared the correlation values from listening to narratives to listening to reversed speech. The between-region correlations were then related to the amount of fiction that participants read in their daily lives. Our results show that amount of fiction reading is related to functional connectivity in areas known to be involved in language and mentalizing. This suggests that reading fiction influences social cognition as well as language skills.

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