Correlation studies of individual variation in susceptibility to various components of HPNS in mice

1981 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 272-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Brauer ◽  
R. W. Beaver ◽  
H. W. Gillen
Keyword(s):  
Personnel Selection ◽  
Compression Rate ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Correlation Studies ◽  
Individual Susceptibility ◽  
Selection Strategies ◽  
Stable Characteristic ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Rate Correlation

Individual convulsion threshold pressures were determined in mice exposed successively to type I and type II convulsions of the high-pressure neurological syndrome (HPNS), as well as in others exposed, in successive compressions, to type I convulsions under diverse conditions of replication of compression rate. Correlation analyses of the results showed the following degrees of correlation of individual convulsion-threshold pressures: type I with type II-negligible (r2 less than equal to 0.2); type I with type I at the same compression rate-closely correlated (r2 greater than or equal to 0.8); type I with type I at a different compression rate-negligible (r2 less than or equal to 0.2). Individual susceptibility to HPNS (type I) convulsions thus is a stable characteristic of individual seizures vary independently of one another. Likewise, the magnitude of the individual compression rate effect varies independently of intrinsic individual susceptibility to type I HPNS seizures. The results support the view that the HPNS is a composite entity, define constraints on personnel selection, and provide a basis for estimating the efficacy of various selection strategies.

scholarly journals Effects of detergent on the sulphation of chondroitin by cell-free preparations from chick-embryo epiphyseal cartilage

1992 ◽  
Vol 285 (2) ◽  
pp. 577-583 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Sugumaran ◽  
J E Silbert
Keyword(s):  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Supernatant Fraction ◽  
Random Pattern ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Enzyme Preparations ◽  
Enzyme Substrate ◽  
Ionic Detergent ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Triton X

The effects of the non-ionic detergent Triton X-100 on 6-sulphation of two species of endogenous nascent proteochondroitin by a chick-embryo cartilage microsomal system was examined. Sulphation of the larger (Type I) species with adenosine 3′-phosphate 5′-phosphosulphate was slightly diminished when Triton X-100 was present, whereas sulphation of the smaller (Type II) species was slightly enhanced. An ordered rather than random pattern of sulphation was obtained for the smaller proteoglycan, but with a considerably lower degree of sulphation than that of the larger proteochondroitin. These differences were consistent with other differences between these two species as described previously. Sulphation of exogenous [14C]chondroitin and exogenous proteo[3H]chondroitin by the microsomal system with Triton X-100 present produced ordered rather than random sulphation patterns. When a 100,000 g supernatant fraction was utilized for sulphation of [14C]chondroitin or proteo[3H]chondroitin, Triton X-100 was not needed, and ordered sulphation was still obtained. When hexasaccharide was used, sulphation of multiple N-acetylgalactosamine residues of the individual hexasaccharides resulted. This was relatively independent of Triton X-100 or the concentration of the hexasaccharide acceptors. With soluble enzyme, sulphation of multiple N-acetylgalactosamine residues on the individual hexasaccharide molecules was even greater, so that tri-sulphated products were found. This suggests that ordered rather than random sulphation of chondroitin with these enzyme preparations is due to enzyme-substrate interaction rather than to membrane organization.

Expansion of the Mandibular Arch in Children during the Mixed Dentition Period - A Clinical Study

2006 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 329-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenshi Maki ◽  
Yasuhiro Sorada ◽  
Toshihiro Ansai ◽  
Takahiro Nishioka ◽  
Raymond Braham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Dentition ◽  
Dental Arch ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Tooth Replacement ◽  
Lateral Expansion ◽  
Incisor Tooth ◽  
Mandibular Arch ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Apical Base

A review of the dental literature revealed relatively few studies on the expansion of the mandibular dental arch. The present study attempted expansion of the mandibular arch using a Bihelix appliance. The subjects were 16 children, exhibiting crowding, age ranges from 7 to 11 years. The mandible was expanded 2.0 mm every 3 months. Significant expansion, not only of the individual tooth inter-arch dimensions but also of the overall arch length, was obtained during the period of incisor tooth replacement. The mode of expansion was classified as follows: Type I, those, which showed no effect on the apical base; Type II, those which showed no consistency of the measurement lines. In this study, 6 of16 cases were classified as type I and 10 cases as type II. Expansion was continued over a period of 1.5 to 3 years. We concluded that considerable lateral expansion of the mandibular arch is possible using the Bihelix appliance. It is suggested that this might contribute greatly to non-extraction orthodontic treatment. Further studies are recommended.

scholarly journals STUDIES ON IMMUNOLOGICAL RELATIONSHIPS AMONG THE PNEUMOCOCCI

1929 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Y. Sugg ◽  
James M. Neill
Keyword(s):  
Horse Serum ◽  
Rabbit Serum ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Immunological Relationship ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Convincing Data

The paper reports evidence of an immunological relationship between one variety of Saccharomyces ceremsise and the Type II variety of Diplococcus pneumonix (Pneumococcus). The most convincing data consisted of the reactions of the Type II bacteria with potent antiyeast serum which agglutinated, and protected mice against these pneumococci as well as the average antiserum obtained by immunization of rabbits with Type II bacteria themselves. The reactivity of the antiyeast serum is strictly specific to the Type II variety of Pneumococcus in the sense that it is entirely devoid of antibodies reactive with Type I or III. The results of absorption experiments with both the antiyeast (rabbit) serum and the anti-Type II (horse) serum were the same as those usually obtained in analogous experiments with immunologically related, but not identical, kinds of bacteria. The immunological relationship of the yeast and the Type II pneumococcus is apparently based upon S-anti-S reactions. It represents an example of heterogenetic specificity which is of particular interest because of the wide genetic separation of the pathogenic schizomycete and the saprophytic ascomycete. Data on the individual irregularity in the yeast-agglutinating capacity of serum from non-immunized or "normal" rabbits are presented as experimental facts.

scholarly journals 230 years of AGN monitoring: Frequency of cloud occultation events in AGN & constraints for clumpy torus models

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (S304) ◽  
pp. 265-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirko Krumpe ◽  
A. Markowitz ◽  
R. Nikutta
Keyword(s):  
Homogeneous Medium ◽  
Selection Function ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cloud Properties ◽  
Monitoring Frequency ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Individual

AbstractWe systematically search for discrete absorption events in the vast archive of the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer. This includes dozens of nearby type I and Compton-thin type II AGN and covers timescales from days to over a decade for individual objects. We are sensitive to discrete absorption events due to clouds of full-covering, neutral or mildly-ionized gas with columns 1022−25 cm−2 transiting the line of sight. We detect 13 eclipse events in 8 objects, roughly tripling the number of previously published events from this archive. Despite sensitivity to events with NH up to 1024−25 cm−2, we measured no Compton-thick eclipses in our sample. Peak column densities span 2.5–19 × 1022 cm−2. Event durations span hours to months. We infer the clouds distances from the black hole, assuming Keplerian motion, to span 0.2–80 × 104 Schwarzschild radii. We find no statistically significant difference between the individual cloud properties of type I and II objects. The presence of eclipses in both type Is and IIs argues against sharp-edged cloud distributions. The type II AGN show a level of “base-line” X-ray absorption that is consistent with being constant over timescales from 0.6 to 8.4 yr. This can either be explained by a homogeneous medium, or by X-ray-absorbing clouds that each have NH ≪ 1022 cm−2. Considering the “selection function” of the monitoring, we derive the probability of cloud occultation events. Finally, we derive the first X-ray statistical constraints for clumpy-torus models.

scholarly journals Innovative activity of teachers - myth or reality?

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 9-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. Usol’tsev ◽  
E. P. Antipova
Keyword(s):  
Educational System ◽  
Professional Community ◽  
Innovative Activity ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Design Activity ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Creative Activity ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
The Individual

Introduction. The innovative activity of teachers is usually described as the creative activity of a sole inventor and the activity of mass teachers, who follow prepared algorithms in the framework of large-scale innovative projects. It is obvious that these types of activity differ considerably. More accurate structuring of innovative activity of the teacher will allow experts to describe more precisely objective essence of innovative processes and to find out more effective means of their stimulation both at the individual level of the teacher and at the level of a national educational system.The aim of the publication was to discuss the questions of what is innovative activity of the teacher; whether innovative activity really exists in mass practice; how innovative activity can be stimulated.Methodology and research methods. The research was based on the systematic approach. In the course of the research, the analysis of scientific and methodological literature and the survey among the teachers aimed at identifying the characteristics of their innovative activity were employed.Results and scientific novelty. The whole cycle of promoting the use of innovations into practice is thoroughly examined: from subjectivity to objectivity; from creativity to reproductive activity; from objectively new result to the product of a sample; from resistance of environment against innovation to stimulation and coercion to its realisation. Characteristics of innovative activity of the teacher are determined and described by the level of distribution of the forthcoming innovation and the attitudes of professional community towards it. It is proposed and proved that the innovation activities of the teachers should be separated into three types: (type I) creative activity of the individual aimed at development of means, methods and technologies to obtain objectively new results; (type II) activities of the teachers focused on the implementation of ready tested innovations, but new for teacher-friendly professional environment, (start-up); (type III) innovative activity of the teachers as a routine operation in the innovation system as its element. The activity of the type I is not widespread; such activity cannot and should not be mass - not everyone can be engaged in it. Design activity corresponds to the type II; type III - activity of performers with the total development of innovation becoming the accepted norm. Mass introduction of a novelty is an innovative process, but not at the level of a certain subject, since a teacher, who acts (often involuntarily) on well-developed samples and algorithms, is not an innovator.Practical significance. The dependence of efficiency of pedagogical innovations on the model of state policy in education is demonstrated. The reasons of the development gap of the Russian educational system in the field of innovations from the systems of other countries are disclosed. The conditions specific to each type of a teacher’s innovative activity, which need to be created for successful and more rapid implementation of progressive innovations, are allocated.

scholarly journals Salmonellosis in Indonesia: phage-type ofSalmonella oranienburgobtained from hospitalized patients in Jakarta, Indonesia

1981 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andre B. Cobet ◽  
M. Gershman ◽  
M. Asril Moechtar ◽  
Sumarmo ◽  
Sunoto
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Phage Type ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Phage Types ◽  
Severe Clinical Picture ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
The Individual

SUMMARYDuring a survey in Jakarta, Indonesia, 158 culturesof Salmonella oranienburg, consisting of two phage types, were obtained from 150 hospitalized patients with diarrhoea. Phage type I, though found notably in young children, was found in all age groups while phage type II was found almost exclusively in young children aged 0–7 years. Phage type I may produce a more severe clinical picture affecting all age groups alike, while phage type II may result in hospitalization of only the very young, who are more susceptible to dehydration. Phage type I was significantly more resistant than phage type II to the individual antibiotics: tetracycline, chloramphenicol, kanamycin and neomycin. However, there was no difference in their respective antibiotic resistance patterns as measured by disk and MIC assay. All cultures were sensitive to gentamicin and trimethoprimsulphamethoxazole 1:19.

Acute mountain sickness: Do different time courses point to different pathophysiological mechanisms?

2020 ◽  
Vol 128 (4) ◽  
pp. 952-959 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc M. Berger ◽  
Mahdi Sareban ◽  
Peter Bärtsch
Keyword(s):  
Acute Mountain Sickness ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Pathophysiological Mechanisms ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
The Past ◽  
Mountain Sickness ◽  
Time Courses ◽  
The Individual

Acute mountain sickness (AMS) is a syndrome of nonspecific symptoms (i.e., headache, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and fatigue) that may develop in nonacclimatized individuals after rapid exposure to altitudes ≥2,500 m. In field studies, mean AMS scores usually peak after the first night at a new altitude. Analyses of the individual time courses of AMS in four studies performed at 3,450 m and 4,559 m revealed that three different patterns are hidden in the above-described overall picture. In 41% of those who developed AMS (i.e., AMS-C score >0.70), symptoms peaked on day 1, in 39%, symptoms were most prominent on day 2, and in 20%, symptoms were most prominent on day 3. We suggest to name the different time courses of AMS type I, type II, and type III, respectively. Here, we hypothesize that the variation of time courses of AMS are caused by different pathophysiological mechanisms. This assumption could explain why no consistent correlations between an overall assessment of AMS and single pathophysiological factors have been found in a large number of studies over the past 50 yr. In this paper, we will briefly review the fundamental mechanisms implicated in the pathophysiology of AMS and discuss how they might contribute to the three different AMS time courses.

Heat-Etching with a Bullivant Type II Simple Freeze-Cleave Device

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 106-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald S. Weinstein ◽  
N. Scott McNutt
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Massachusetts General Hospital ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Collaborative Effort ◽  
Temperature And Pressure ◽  
The University

The Type I simple cold block device was described by Bullivant and Ames in 1966 and represented the product of the first successful effort to simplify the equipment required to do sophisticated freeze-cleave techniques. Bullivant, Weinstein and Someda described the Type II device which is a modification of the Type I device and was developed as a collaborative effort at the Massachusetts General Hospital and the University of Auckland, New Zealand. The modifications reduced specimen contamination and provided controlled specimen warming for heat-etching of fracture faces. We have now tested the Mass. General Hospital version of the Type II device (called the “Type II-MGH device”) on a wide variety of biological specimens and have established temperature and pressure curves for routine heat-etching with the device.

Labelling of non-A, non-B hepatitis infected chimpanzee hepatocytes with nuclease-gold conjugates

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 250-251
Author(s):  
G. D. Gagne ◽  
M. F. Miller ◽  
D. A. Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Experimental Infection ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Type I ◽  
Cellular Injury ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Tubular Structures ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Infected Chimpanzee

Experimental infection of chimpanzees with non-A, non-B hepatitis (NANB) or with delta agent hepatitis results in the appearance of characteristic cytoplasmic alterations in the hepatocytes. These alterations include spongelike inclusions (Type I), attached convoluted membranes (Type II), tubular structures (Type III), and microtubular aggregates (Type IV) (Fig. 1). Type I, II and III structures are, by association, believed to be derived from endoplasmic reticulum and may be morphogenetically related. Type IV structures are generally observed free in the cytoplasm but sometimes in the vicinity of type III structures. It is not known whether these structures are somehow involved in the replication and/or assembly of the putative NANB virus or whether they are simply nonspecific responses to cellular injury. When treated with uranyl acetate, type I, II and III structures stain intensely as if they might contain nucleic acids. If these structures do correspond to intermediates in the replication of a virus, one might expect them to contain DNA or RNA and the present study was undertaken to explore this possibility.

Comparative surface and ultrastructural views of methylotrophic bacteria by TEM, STEM, SE, and freeze-etch electron microscopy.

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 792-793
Author(s):  
T.A. Fassel ◽  
M.J. Schaller ◽  
M.E. Lidstrom ◽  
C.C. Remsen
Keyword(s):  
Cytoplasmic Membrane ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Methylotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Membrane Complex ◽  
Oxidation Of Methane ◽  
Methane Oxidizing Bacteria ◽  
Wall Structures ◽  
Methylomonas Albus

Methylotrophic bacteria play an Important role in the environment in the oxidation of methane and methanol. Extensive intracytoplasmic membranes (ICM) have been associated with the oxidation processes in methylotrophs and chemolithotrophic bacteria. Classification on the basis of ICM arrangement distinguishes 2 types of methylotrophs. Bundles or vesicular stacks of ICM located away from the cytoplasmic membrane and extending into the cytoplasm are present in Type I methylotrophs. In Type II methylotrophs, the ICM form pairs of peripheral membranes located parallel to the cytoplasmic membrane. Complex cell wall structures of tightly packed cup-shaped subunits have been described in strains of marine and freshwater phototrophic sulfur bacteria and several strains of methane oxidizing bacteria. We examined the ultrastructure of the methylotrophs with particular view of the ICM and surface structural features, between representatives of the Type I Methylomonas albus (BG8), and Type II Methylosinus trichosporium (OB-36).

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document