Effect of past gymnastics participation on adult bone mass

1996 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 226-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. M. Kirchner ◽  
R. D. Lewis ◽  
P. J. O'Connor
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Menstrual Irregularity ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
The Past ◽  
Menstrual History ◽  
Adult Bone

The purposes of this study were to determine bone mineral density (BMD) of former female college gymnasts (FG; n = 18) and controls (FC; n = 15) by using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (Hologic QDR 1000W) and to examine the relationships between current and former activity levels, diet, menstrual history and BMD. Current physical activity, dietary intake, and menstrual irregularity were assessed with the use of standardized questionnaires. A study-designed questionnaire was used to assess past physical activity. The BMDs of the FG were significantly higher (P < 0.001) than the BMDs of FC for the lumbar spine, femoral neck, Ward's triangle, and whole body, even when the influences of current and past physical activity levels were statistically controlled via analysis of covariance. FG and FC did not differ in nutrient intakes, and there were no BMD differences between FG who always had regular menstrual cycles vs. those who had an interruption (= or = 3 mo) of their menstrual cycle in the past. The higher BMD in FG compared with FC suggests that past participation in college gymnastics may provide a residual effect on adult BMD.

scholarly journals Bone mineral density in young adults: the influence of vitamin D status, biochemical indicators, physical activity and body composition

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Kopiczko ◽  
Monika Łopuszańska-Dawid ◽  
Karol Gryko
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Physical Activity Levels

Abstract Summary The aim of the study was to assess the associations of bone mineral density and bone mass with physical activity levels, vitamin D, phosphorus, magnesium, total cholesterol and triglyceride concentration and body composition in young women and men. Physical activity has the most significant effect on bone status especially in men. Purpose The aim of the study was to assess the associations of bone mineral density and bone mass with physical activity levels, vitamin D, phosphorus, magnesium, total cholesterol and triglyceride concentration and body composition in young women and men. Methods One hundred subjects aged 19–24 years were included. Bone mineral density (BMD) in distal and proximal parts was evaluated by forearm densitometry. Body composition was analysed with the use of JAWON-Medical-x-scan. The following biochemical indicators were analysed: 25(OH) D and 1,25(OH)2D, magnesium, phosphorus, total cholesterol and triglycerides. Physical activity levels were assessed by interview. Results Significant correlations between BMD and physical activity, skeletal muscle mass and body fat percentage were revealed in men. Among women, considerably weaker correlations of BMD with body composition and physical activity were noted than in men. BMD in the distal part correlated only with lean body mass, soft lean mass and body fat percentage. The strongest relationship between physical activity and bone mineral status parameters was noted for BMD in men. In women, physical activity did not affect BMD. Conclusions Physical activity has the most significant effect on bone status especially in men.

scholarly journals Total and femoral neck bone mineral density and physical activity in a sample of men and women

2012 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 947-954 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah M. Camhi ◽  
Peter T. Katzmarzyk
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Femoral Neck ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Menopausal Status ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Total Body

Physical activity (PA), total body fat (TBF), and lean body mass (LBM) are associated with bone mineral density (BMD). However, the independent influence of PA on BMD, while controlling for body composition is not understood as well and is the purpose of the current study. Whole-body BMD (g·cm–2), femoral neck BMD (g·cm–2), TBF (kg), and LBM (kg) were measured with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. PA levels (total, work, sport, non-sport) were estimated using the Baecke questionnaire. General linear models determined the independent effects of PA on BMD (whole-body and femoral neck), with adjustment for age, sex, ethnicity, smoking, menopausal status (as appropriate), LBM, and TBF. These associations were also examined by sex and age group (20–34, 35–49, and 50–64 years). The sample included 802 adults (65% women; 13% African American) from the Pennington Center Longitudinal Study that were 20 to 64 years of age (mean ± SD: 46.9 ± 11.0 years). Higher sports scores were associated with higher femoral neck BMD in the total group, men and women, and in 20- to 34-year-olds and 35- to 49-year-olds, but not significant in those 50–64 years of age. Similar significant associations were found for sports score with total body BMD; however, this relationship was not significant for women or for those 50–64 years of age. Total PA had inconsistent relationships with both femoral neck BMD and total body BMD. Higher levels of sport-related PA are associated with higher femoral neck BMD; however, these relationships vary by PA domain and site of BMD measurement.

INFLUENCES OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND OVARIAN HORMONES ON WHOLE BODY BONE MINERAL DENSITY 1117

1997 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. 196
Author(s):  
N. L. Constantino ◽  
S. V. Jaque ◽  
S. J. Underwood ◽  
R. A. Wiswell ◽  
E. T Schroeder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Ovarian Hormones ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Body Bone

Health, Physical Activity Level, and Employment Status in Canada

1993 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 743-761 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Paul Grayson
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Physical Activity Level ◽  
Employment Status ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Poor Health ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
The Past ◽  
Physical Activity Levels ◽  
The Unemployed

Over the past few years, research from several countries has demonstrated an association between unemployment and poor health. In addition, a number of studies have established a link between physical activity level and health. As yet, however, there has been no comparison of the physical activity levels of the employed and the unemployed in a national population and of the extent to which the health of the employed and unemployed varies with physical activity levels. The research presented in this article demonstrates that in Canada, while the unemployed report comparable levels of physical activity to the employed, for all levels of physical activity, they are less healthy than the employed, even after adjustments are made for age, gender, and adequacy of family income. The effects of unemployment on health, however, vary by duration of employment. Overall, the findings suggest that some benefits of elevated levels of physical activity are dampened by the consequences of unemployment.

Effect of 10 days of bedrest on metabolic and vascular insulin action: a study in individuals at risk for type 2 diabetes

2010 ◽  
Vol 108 (4) ◽  
pp. 830-837 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mette P. Sonne ◽  
Amra C. Alibegovic ◽  
Lise Højbjerre ◽  
Allan Vaag ◽  
Bente Stallknecht ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Increased Risk

Physical inactivity is a known risk factor for type 2 diabetes. We studied whole body and forearm insulin sensitivity in subjects at increased risk for type 2 diabetes [persons with low birth weight (LBW group; n = 20) and first-degree relatives to type 2 diabetic patients (FDR group; n = 13)] as well as a control (CON) group ( n = 20) matched for body mass index, age, and physical activity levels before and after 10 days of bedrest. Subjects were studied by hyperinsulinemic isoglycemic clamp combined with arterial and deep venous catheterization of the forearm. Forearm blood flow (FBF) was measured by venous occlusion plethysmography. All groups responded with a decrease in whole body insulin sensitivity in response to bedrest [CON group: 6.8 ± 0.5 to 4.3 ± 0.3 mg·min−1·kg−1( P < 0.0001), LBW group: 6.2 ± 0.5 to 4.3 ± 0.3 mg·min−1·kg−1( P < 0.0001), and FDR group: 4.3 ± 0.7 to 3.1 ± 0.3 mg·min−1·kg−1( P = 0.068)]. The percent decrease was significantly greater in the CON group compared with the FDR group (CON group: 34 ± 4%, LBW group: 27 ± 4%, and FDR group: 10 ± 13%). Forearm insulin-stimulated glucose clearance decreased significantly in the CON and LBW groups in response to bedrest; in the FDR group, clearance was very low before bedrest and no change was observed. Before bedrest, the CON and LBW groups demonstrated a significant increase in FBF during hyperinsulinemia; after bedrest, an increase in FBF was observed only in the CON group. In conclusion, bedrest induced a pronounced reduction in whole body, skeletal muscle, and vascular insulin sensitivity in the CON and LBW groups. The changes were most pronounced in the CON group. In the FDR group, insulin resistance was already present before bedrest, but even this group displayed a high sensitivity to changes in daily physical activity.

scholarly journals Associations between motor coordination and BMI in normal weight and overweight/obese adolescents

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Das Virgens Chagas ◽  
Luiz Alberto Batista
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Motor Coordination ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Obese Adolescents ◽  
Physical Activity Levels ◽  
Partial Correlations

Introduction: While evidence suggests that the levels of motor coordination and body mass index (BMI) are positively correlated, little is known about the influence of levels of physical activity on associations between these variables among adolescents. Objective: To analyse the relationships between levels of motor coordination and BMI in normal weight and overweight/obese adolescents, controlling for physical activity levels. Methods: Fifty-six students (50% overweight/obese adolescents), aged 12–14 years old, participated in this study. The Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children and the Körperkoordinationstest für Kinder were used in order to assess the levels of physical activity and motor coordination, respectively. Bivariate and partial correlations were used to analyse the interrelationships among motor coordination, BMI and physical activity. The analysis of covariance test was used in order to compare the levels of motor coordination between normal weight and overweight adolescents, considering the physical activity level as a covariate. Results: Weak to moderate negative correlations (p < 0.05) were found between motor coordination and BMI in the sample as a whole, normal weight and overweight/obese groups. However, when controlled for physical activity levels. no significant correlation was observed in the normal weight group. Further, overweight/obese adolescents showed lower levels of motor coordination than their normal weight peers Conclusion: Physical activity levels infl uence the association between levels of motor coordination and BMI in normal weight adolescents, but not in their overweight/obese peers.

scholarly journals MON-387 Association Between Vitamin D Level and Bone Mineral Density in Korean Adolescents

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyungchul Song ◽  
Han saem CHOI ◽  
Junghwan Suh ◽  
Ah Reum Kwon ◽  
Hyun-wook Chae ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Calcium Intake ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Femur Neck ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
Z Scores

Abstract Introduction Fractures are common in pediatric population, and lower bone density increases the risk of fracture. Most bone acquisition happens during youth, so juvenile bone mineral density (BMD) assessment is important. There are many factors associated with low BMD, including vitamin D status, calcium intake, low body weight, and physical activity. Among these, our investigation focused on the association of BMD with vitamin D in adolescents. Methods This study investigated data of 1,063 adolescents aged 12-18 years from the fifth and sixth Korea National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (2009-2011). The association of various factors (vitamin D level, calcium intake, body mass index (BMI), lean mass, fat mass, and physical activity) with BMD Z-scores in whole body, lumbar spine, total femur, and femur neck were analyzed. We defined vitamin D deficiency (≤ 12 ng/mL), vitamin D insufficiency (12-20 ng/mL), and sufficiency (&gt; 20ng/mL) according to the 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) level. We analyzed association between BMD and vitamin D levels after adjusting for other factors. Results The mean 25-OHD level of subjects was low (16.28 ng/ml). Of all subjects, 21.9% were vitamin D deficient, and 58.5% were vitamin D insufficient. Among the vitamin D groups, the vitamin D sufficient group had significantly higher BMD Z-scores than the vitamin D deficient group in whole body, lumbar spine, and femur neck. The sufficient vitamin D group had higher BMD Z-score than the vitamin D insufficient group in femur neck, and the vitamin D insufficient group had higher BMD Z-score than the vitamin D deficient group in whole body. Among various factors, vitamin D status, calcium intake, BMI, lean mass, fat mass, and physical activity were positively associated with BMD Z-scores. In particular, lean mass was the strongest independent factor. Vitamin D levels were positively associated with the BMD Z-scores even after adjusting for other factors. Conclusions Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency were common among adolescents. This study suggested that vitamin D level was positively associated with BMD, and that sufficient vitamin D level was needed to prevent low BMD. Vitamin D status is an important factor of BMD in adolescents.

scholarly journals Bone Mineral Status of Young Men With Different Levels of Physical Activity

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-13
Author(s):  
Barbara Długołęcka ◽  
Ewa Jówko ◽  
Jan Czeczelewski ◽  
Igor Cieśliński ◽  
Andrzej Klusiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Bone Mass ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Bone Mineral Status ◽  
High Level ◽  
The University ◽  
Different Levels

AbstractIntroduction. The study sought to assess bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD) in men with different levels of physical activity during the period of reaching peak bone massMaterial and methods. The research included wrestlers (n = 31) and students of the University of Physical Education (n = 88) aged 18-24. The state of the bone tissue was assessed with the use of the bone densitometry (DEXA) method (lumbar spine L2-L4). Data concerning the physical activity levels and nutritional behaviours of the study participants were gathered in a diagnostic survey carried out using a specially prepared questionnaire.Results. The analysis of the results revealed that as there were no statistically significant differences in nutritional behaviours between men from particular groups, physical activity proved to be the factor which significantly differentiated the groups under investigation in terms of their bone mass. The highest mean values of the bone parameters analysed were achieved by the wrestlers, who demonstrated a high level of physical activity.

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