Effect of 10 days of bedrest on metabolic and vascular insulin action: a study in individuals at risk for type 2 diabetes

2010 ◽  
Vol 108 (4) ◽  
pp. 830-837 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mette P. Sonne ◽  
Amra C. Alibegovic ◽  
Lise Højbjerre ◽  
Allan Vaag ◽  
Bente Stallknecht ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Increased Risk

Physical inactivity is a known risk factor for type 2 diabetes. We studied whole body and forearm insulin sensitivity in subjects at increased risk for type 2 diabetes [persons with low birth weight (LBW group; n = 20) and first-degree relatives to type 2 diabetic patients (FDR group; n = 13)] as well as a control (CON) group ( n = 20) matched for body mass index, age, and physical activity levels before and after 10 days of bedrest. Subjects were studied by hyperinsulinemic isoglycemic clamp combined with arterial and deep venous catheterization of the forearm. Forearm blood flow (FBF) was measured by venous occlusion plethysmography. All groups responded with a decrease in whole body insulin sensitivity in response to bedrest [CON group: 6.8 ± 0.5 to 4.3 ± 0.3 mg·min−1·kg−1( P < 0.0001), LBW group: 6.2 ± 0.5 to 4.3 ± 0.3 mg·min−1·kg−1( P < 0.0001), and FDR group: 4.3 ± 0.7 to 3.1 ± 0.3 mg·min−1·kg−1( P = 0.068)]. The percent decrease was significantly greater in the CON group compared with the FDR group (CON group: 34 ± 4%, LBW group: 27 ± 4%, and FDR group: 10 ± 13%). Forearm insulin-stimulated glucose clearance decreased significantly in the CON and LBW groups in response to bedrest; in the FDR group, clearance was very low before bedrest and no change was observed. Before bedrest, the CON and LBW groups demonstrated a significant increase in FBF during hyperinsulinemia; after bedrest, an increase in FBF was observed only in the CON group. In conclusion, bedrest induced a pronounced reduction in whole body, skeletal muscle, and vascular insulin sensitivity in the CON and LBW groups. The changes were most pronounced in the CON group. In the FDR group, insulin resistance was already present before bedrest, but even this group displayed a high sensitivity to changes in daily physical activity.

Effects of Physical Training on Metabolic Control in Elderly Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients

1997 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.C. Ligtenberg ◽  
J.B.L. Hoekstra ◽  
E. Bol ◽  
M.L. Zonderland ◽  
D.W. Erkelens
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Physical Training ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

1. The specific role of physical activity in the treatment of type 2 diabetes is still subject to discussion. A randomized prospective study was performed, investigating both the influence of physical training on metabolic control and the feasibility of physical training in the elderly. 2. A total of 58 patients (mean age: 62 ± 5 years; range: 55–75 years) with type 2 diabetes were randomized to either a physical training or a control programme. The training programme consisted of three sessions a week, aiming at 60–80% of the maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max). The 12 week supervised period was followed by a 14 week non-supervised one. The control group followed an educational programme. VO2max was assessed during exercise on a cycle ergometer. Glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) was used as a measure for glucose control, and an insulin tolerance test was performed to test insulin sensitivity. Multivariate analysis of variance, with repeated measures design, was used to test differences between groups. 3. Fifty-one patients completed the study. VO2max was higher in the training group than in the control group both after 6 weeks (P ≤ 0.01 between groups) and after 26 weeks [training group: 1796 ± 419 ml/min (prestudy), 1880 ± 458 ml/min (6 weeks), 1786 ± 591 ml/min (26 weeks); control group: 1859 ± 455 ml/min (prestudy), 1742 ± 467 ml/min (6 weeks), 1629 ± 504 ml/min (26 weeks)]. Blood glucose control and insulin sensitivity did not change during the study. Levels of total triacyl-glycerols, very-low-density lipoprotein-triacyl-glycerols and apolipoprotein B were significantly lower after 6 weeks (P ≤ 0.01, P ≤ 0.05, P ≤ 0.05 between groups respectively), and so was the level of total cholesterol after 12 weeks of training (P ≤ 0.05 between groups). 4. Physical training in obese type 2 diabetic patients over 55 years of age does not change glycaemic control or insulin sensitivity in the short-term. Regular physical activity may lower triacylglycerol and cholesterol levels in this group of patients. 5. Finally, physical training in motivated elderly type 2 diabetic patients without major cardiovascular or musculoskeletal disorders is feasible, but only under supervision.

scholarly journals To study association of Neutrophil- Lymphocyte ratio with vascular complications in Type-2 Diabetes

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 16-22
Author(s):  
Shilpa Tumkur Andane Gowda ◽  
Shahari Hegde Kusumakar ◽  
Raveendra Kodur Ramamurthy ◽  
Rohith Maraludevanapura Govindaiah
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Vascular Complications ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio ◽  
Lymphocyte Ratio ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: Diabetes is a pro-thrombotic state associated with increased risk of atherosclerosis and inflammation. Neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR) provides information about early and subclinical inflammation and thus may act as a prognostic marker for vascular complications in type 2 diabetes. Aims and Objective: To analyze the correlation between Neutrophil- Lymphocyte ratio in diabetics with and without vascular complications. Materials and Methods: A total of 111 patients admitted in Victoria hospital and Bowring & Lady Curzon hospital attached to Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute from NOV 2018 to MAY 2020 were studied. The data was collected according to the proforma in terms of history, clinical examination and the necessary investigations. NLR was observed in type 2 diabetic patients and was compared in those with complications and without complications. Results: The NLR was higher in diabetics with vascular complications compared to those without complications, 2.8 ± 0.7 fl versus 6.8 ± 3.1 fl (P< 0.001), respectively. In this study, Mean N (%), In No Vascular Complications was 61.7 ± 10.6 and with vascular complications was 79.9 ± 9.5. Mean L (%) in No Vascular Complications was 23.7 ± 5.8. Mean N (%), In No Vascular Complications was 61.7 ± 10.6 and with vascular complications was 79.9 ± 9.5. There was a significant difference in mean N (%) mean L (%) and NLR in comparison with respect to Complications. Conclusion: This study showed significantly higher NLR in diabetic patients with vascular complications. Hence, NLR can be used as a simple parameter to assess the vascular complications in diabetes.

scholarly journals Aerobic and resistance training do not influence plasma carnosinase content or activity in type 2 diabetes

2015 ◽  
Vol 309 (7) ◽  
pp. E663-E669 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanne Stegen ◽  
Ronald J. Sigal ◽  
Glen P. Kenny ◽  
Farah Khandwala ◽  
Benito Yard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Microvascular Complications ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Consequent Reduction

A particular allele of the carnosinase gene (CNDP1) is associated with reduced plasma carnosinase activity and reduced risk for nephropathy in diabetic patients. On the one hand, animal and human data suggest that hyperglycemia increases plasma carnosinase activity. On the other hand, we recently reported lower carnosinase activity levels in elite athletes involved in high-intensity exercise compared with untrained controls. Therefore, this study investigates whether exercise training and the consequent reduction in hyperglycemia can suppress carnosinase activity and content in adults with type 2 diabetes. Plasma samples were taken from 243 males and females with type 2 diabetes (mean age = 54.3 yr, SD = 7.1) without major microvascular complications before and after a 6-mo exercise training program [4 groups: sedentary control ( n = 61), aerobic exercise ( n = 59), resistance exercise ( n = 63), and combined exercise training ( n = 60)]. Plasma carnosinase content and activity, hemoglobin (Hb) A1c, lipid profile, and blood pressure were measured. A 6-mo exercise training intervention, irrespective of training modality, did not decrease plasma carnosinase content or activity in type 2 diabetic patients. Plasma carnosinase content and activity showed a high interindividual but very low intraindividual variability over the 6-mo period. Age and sex, but not Hb A1c, were significantly related to the activity or content of this enzyme. It can be concluded that the beneficial effects of exercise training on the incidence of diabetic complications are probably not related to a lowering effect on plasma carnosinase content or activity.

scholarly journals Dietary Diversity as a Risk Factor for Obesity in Algerian Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1229
Author(s):  
Abdenour Bounihi ◽  
Hamza Saidi ◽  
Asma Bouazza ◽  
Hassiba Benbaibeche ◽  
Malha Azzouz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

Although the incidence of “diabesity” (coexistence of type 2 diabetes and obesity) is alarmingly increasing in Algeria, the diet–diabesity link has not been well defined. This study aimed to explore the association between dietary diversity score (DDS) and obesity among Algerian type 2 diabetic patients. It was a cross-sectional observational study involving 390 type 2 diabetic patients. Anthropometric data were gathered, and dietary intake information was obtained through a 24-h dietary recall method, which was used to calculate DDS. Potential confounders such as age, sex, smoking, physical activity and energy intake were controlled for using multivariate logistic regression. A total of 160 patients (41.3%) were classified as obese. As expected, obese patients had a higher body mass index, waist circumference, hip circumference, body fat and fat mass index. Furthermore, obese patients more frequently met carbohydrate recommendations and had a higher intake of meat and protein. Female sex, hypertension, low physical activity and high meat and protein intake were positively associated with diabesity. Additionally, higher DDS was positively associated with diabesity after adjusting for confounders. Thus, a more diversified diet may be a risk factor for obesity among Algerian type 2 diabetic patients.

scholarly journals Prescription of Physical Activity by General Practitioners in Type 2 Diabetes: Practice and Barriers in French Guiana

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Dranebois ◽  
Marie Laure Lalanne-Mistrih ◽  
Mathieu Nacher ◽  
Liliane Thelusme ◽  
Sandra Deungoue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
General Practitioners ◽  
French Guiana ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Balanced Diet ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

BackgroundGeneral practitioners (GPs) are the major primary healthcare players in the management of type 2 diabetes. In addition to a well-balanced diet, physical activity (PA) appears as a necessary non-medicinal therapy in the management of diabetic patients. However, GPs emphasize several obstacles to its prescription. The aim of this study is to evaluate the practices, barriers, and factors favoring the prescription of PA in type 2 diabetic patients by GPs in French Guiana.MethodWe conducted a cross-sectional descriptive study using a questionnaire, designed to interview 152 French Guiana GPs and describe their practice in prescribing PA in type 2 diabetic patients.ResultsOur results revealed that the prescription of PA as a non-medicinal therapeutic choice in the management of type 2 diabetes was practiced by 74% of the French Guiana GPs. However, only 37% of GPs responded that they implemented the recommendations; indeed, only one-third knew about them. The majority of GPs were interested in PA training, but only 11% were actually trained in this practice. The lack of structure adapted to the practice of PA and the lack of awareness of the benefits of PA in metabolic pathology appeared as the main obstacles to PA prescription.ConclusionThis study highlights the importance of improving the training of GPs in the prescription of PA, the development of adapted PA structures, and collaboration between the different actors within the framework of the sport-health system in type 2 diabetes in French Guiana.

Skeletal muscle capillary density and microvascular function are compromised with aging and type 2 diabetes

2014 ◽  
Vol 116 (8) ◽  
pp. 998-1005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bart B. L. Groen ◽  
Henrike M. Hamer ◽  
Tim Snijders ◽  
Janneau van Kranenburg ◽  
Dionne Frijns ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Fiber Type ◽  
Capillary Density ◽  
Boundary Region ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

Adequate muscle perfusion is required for the maintenance of skeletal muscle mass. Impairments in microvascular structure and/or function with aging and type 2 diabetes have been associated with the progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass. Our objective was to compare muscle fiber type specific capillary density and endothelial function between healthy young men, healthy older men, and age-matched type 2 diabetes patients. Fifteen healthy young men (24 ± 1 yr), 15 healthy older men (70 ± 2 yr), and 15 age-matched type 2 diabetes patients (70 ± 1 yr) were selected to participate in the present study. Whole body insulin sensitivity, muscle fiber type specific capillary density, sublingual microvascular density, and dimension of the erythrocyte-perfused boundary region were assessed to evaluate the impact of aging and/or type 2 diabetes on microvascular structure and function. Whole body insulin sensitivity was significantly lower at a more advanced age, with lowest values reported in the type 2 diabetic patients. In line, skeletal muscle capillary contacts were much lower in the older and older type 2 diabetic patients when compared with the young. Sidestream darkfield imaging showed a significantly greater thickness of the erythrocyte perfused boundary region in the type 2 diabetic patients compared with the young. Skeletal muscle capillary density is reduced with aging and type 2 diabetes and accompanied by impairments in endothelial glycocalyx function, which is indicative of compromised vascular function.

scholarly journals Impaired Muscle Regeneration in Ob/ob and Db/db Mice

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 1525-1535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mai-Huong Nguyen ◽  
Ming Cheng ◽  
Timothy J. Koh
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Muscle Regeneration ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Macrophage Accumulation

In obesity and type 2 diabetes, efficient skeletal muscle repair following injury may be required, not only for restoring muscle structure and function, but also for maintaining exercise capacity and insulin sensitivity. The hypothesis of this study was that muscle regeneration would be impaired in ob/ob and db/db mice, which are common mouse models of obesity and type 2 diabetes. Muscle injury was produced by cardiotoxin injection, and regeneration was assessed by morphological and immunostaining techniques. Muscle regeneration was delayed in ob/ob and db/db mice, but not in a less severe model of insulin resistance – feeding a high-fat diet to wild-type mice. Angiogenesis, cell proliferation, and myoblast accumulation were also impaired in ob/ob and db/db mice, but not the high-fat diet mice. The impairments in muscle regeneration were associated with impaired macrophage accumulation; macrophages have been shown previously to be required for efficient muscle regeneration. Impaired regeneration in ob/ob and db/db mice could be due partly to the lack of leptin signaling, since leptin is expressed both in damaged muscle and in cultured muscle cells. In summary, impaired muscle regeneration in ob/ob and db/db mice was associated with reduced macrophage accumulation, angiogenesis, and myoblast activity, and could have implications for insulin sensitivity in the skeletal muscle of obese and type 2 diabetic patients.

scholarly journals Faktor Risiko yang Berpengaruh terhadap Terjadinya Hipertensi pada Penderita Diabetes Melitus Tipe II di Wilayah Puskesmas Kabupaten Pati

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
Gracilaria Puspa Sari ◽  
Shofa Chasani ◽  
Tjokorda Gde Dalem Pemayun ◽  
Suharyo Hadisaputro ◽  
Heri Nugroho
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Medication Adherence ◽  
Coffee Consumption ◽  
Diabetes Duration ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

Background: The prevalence of hypertension in type 2 diabetic patients is 1,5-3 times higher than it is in nondiabetic individuals This chronic condition accelerates macrovascular complications. Research about risk factors of hypertension in type 2 diabetic patients is still rare because its causes multifactorial. The objectives of this research is to explain the risk factors affecting hypertension in type 2 diabetic patients.Methods: An observational studies with case-control study design in Primary Healthcare Centers patients in Pati District. Patients with hypertension in type 2 diabetes are the case, while the type 2 diabetes patients without hypertension are the control. There were 57 cases and 57 controls included. Data were obtained from medical records and qualitative interviews. Chi-square test in bivariate and multiple logistic regression in multivariate analysis.Results: Factors that influence hypertension in type 2 diabetic patients were physical activity (OR=6,4; 95% CI: 2,18 - 18,77; p=0,001), diabetes duration ≥ 5 years (OR=5,4; 95% CI: 1,97 - 14,704; p=0,001), and medication adherence (OR=3,6; 95% CI: 1,32 - 9,83; p=0,012). Other risk factors i.e age ≥45 years, male, diet compliance, history of hypertension, smoking, salt consumption, coffee consumption, and sleep duration were not significantly influenced.Conclusion: In this study, physical activity, diabetes duration, and DM medication adherence are risk factors that influence of hypertension in type 2 diabetic patients. 

scholarly journals Faktor Risiko yang Berpengaruh terhadap Terjadinya Hipertensi pada Penderita Diabetes Melitus Tipe II di Wilayah Puskesmas Kabupaten Pati

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
Gracilaria Puspa Sari ◽  
Shofa Chasani ◽  
Tjokorda Gde Dalem Pemayun ◽  
Suharyo Hadisaputro ◽  
Heri Nugroho
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Medication Adherence ◽  
Coffee Consumption ◽  
Diabetes Duration ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

Background: The prevalence of hypertension in type 2 diabetic patients is 1,5-3 times higher than it is in nondiabetic individuals This chronic condition accelerates macrovascular complications. Research about risk factors of hypertension in type 2 diabetic patients is still rare because its causes multifactorial. The objectives of this research is to explain the risk factors affecting hypertension in type 2 diabetic patients.Methods: An observational studies with case-control study design in Primary Healthcare Centers patients in Pati District. Patients with hypertension in type 2 diabetes are the case, while the type 2 diabetes patients without hypertension are the control. There were 57 cases and 57 controls included. Data were obtained from medical records and qualitative interviews. Chi-square test in bivariate and multiple logistic regression in multivariate analysis.Results: Factors that influence hypertension in type 2 diabetic patients were physical activity (OR=6,4; 95% CI: 2,18 - 18,77; p=0,001), diabetes duration ≥ 5 years (OR=5,4; 95% CI: 1,97 - 14,704; p=0,001), and medication adherence (OR=3,6; 95% CI: 1,32 - 9,83; p=0,012). Other risk factors i.e age ≥45 years, male, diet compliance, history of hypertension, smoking, salt consumption, coffee consumption, and sleep duration were not significantly influenced.Conclusion: In this study, physical activity, diabetes duration, and DM medication adherence are risk factors that influence of hypertension in type 2 diabetic patients. 

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