Impact of Successive Exertional Heat Injuries on Thermoregulatory and Systemic Inflammatory Responses in Mice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron R. Caldwell ◽  
Kentaro Oki ◽  
Shauna M. Ward ◽  
Jermaine A. Ward ◽  
Thomas A. Mayer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Core Temperature ◽  
Injury Severity ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Organ Damage ◽  
Open Science ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Adaptive Processes ◽  
Science Framework ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of the study was to determine if repeated exertional heat injuries (EHIs) worsen the inflammatory response and subsequent organ damage. We assessed the impact of a single EHI bout (EHI0) or 2 separate EHI episodes separated by 1 (EHI1), 3 (EHI3), and 7 (EHI7) days in male C57BL/6J mice (N = 236). To induce EHI, mice underwent a forced running protocol until loss of consciousness or core temperature reached ≥ 42.7°C. Blood and tissue samples were obtained 30 minutes, 3 hours, 1 day or 7 days after the EHI. We observed that mice undergoing repeated EHI events (EHI1, EHI3, and EHI7) had longer running distances prior to collapse (~ 528 meters), tolerated higher core temperatures (~0.18°C) prior to collapse, and had higher minimum core temperature (indicative of injury severity) during recovery relative to EHI0 group (~2.18°C; all P < .05). Heat resilience was most pronounced when latency was shortest between EHI episodes (i.e., thermal load and running duration highest in EHI1), suggesting the response diminishes with longer recoveries between EHI events. Furthermore, mice experiencing a second EHI exhibited increased serum & liver HSP70, and lower corticosterone, FABP2, MIP-1β, MIP-2, and IP-10 relative to mice experiencing a single EHI at specific points during the recovery period (typically 30-min to 3-hr after the EHI). Our findings indicate that an EHI event may initiate some adaptive processes that provide acute heat resilience to subsequent EHI conditions. Data and code are available at Open Science Framework repository: https://osf.io/n5ahf/?view_only=bca7ccb1b1554e1192ae776e6a7584d3

Impact of PET-imaging during treatment planning on outcome in meningioma patients.

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e13542-e13542
Author(s):  
Stephanie E Combs ◽  
Hanna Fischer ◽  
Theresa Voglhuber ◽  
Christian Diehl ◽  
Chistoph Straube ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Planning ◽  
Pet Imaging ◽  
Residual Tumor ◽  
Target Volume ◽  
Open Science ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Prognostic Assessment ◽  
Science Framework ◽  
The Impact

e13542 Background: Modern radiotherapy (RT) techniques such as IMRT combined with IGRT increased safety and precision over the years. However, during treatment planning, the definition of the planning target volume (PTV) remains challenging, and differentiation between healthy tissue, i.e., meninges, post-operative changes, and residual tumor can be difficult using MR and CT imaging alone. In this study, we evaluated the impact of additional PET-imaging on local control (LCR) and overall survival (OS). Methods: We analyzed 351 patients with primary RT of meningiomas treated between 1996 and 2018 and divided the cohort into low-grade (n = 283) and high-grade (n = 68) cases. All patients were treated with fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (FSRT) with a median dose of 54.0 Gy and a median single dose of 1.8 Gy. A radiation oncologist delineated PTV based on diagnostic CT and MRI and, if available, additional PET-imaging. We used only PET-images acquired within 50 days before RT. In our clinic, PET-planned meningioma treatment started in 2000 with Methionine (2001-2010), between 2004 and 2011 F-18 FET tracer was used, and since 2011 only 68Ga-Dotanoc/Dotatoc PETs are acquired. This study is registered under the open science framework: DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/RYX9D. Results: Median follow-up was 6.9 years (95%-KI: 6.3-7.4). For low-grade meningiomas, mean OS was 15.5 years (95%-KI: 14.7-16.2) and mean PFS was 15.7 years (95%-KI: 14.9-16.6); for high-grade cases, median OS was 13.8 years (95%-KI: 10.4-17.1), and median PFS was 8.9 years (95%-KI: 6.4-11.4). PET imaging had a significant impact on OS (p = 0.030) and PFS (p = 0.023) for low-grade meningiomas; however, in the multivariate analysis (with the prognostic factors age, gender, PTV, Karnofsky index, and time from resection to RT), it remained only significant for LCR. For high-grade cases, PET-imaging had no influence. Conclusions: PET-imaging improves the detection of tumor cells, especially during treatment planning. It showed a significant influence on OS and LCR. Further analyses will investigate the influence of PET regarding, e.g., residual tumor tissue, tumor size, and establish cut-off values for which tumors additional PET-imaging might be beneficial. With the further prognostic a weighted scoring system will be developed for prognostic assessment. [Table: see text]

scholarly journals HMGB1 Inhibition to Ameliorate Organ Failure and Increase Survival in Trauma

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhangsheng Yang ◽  
Milomir O Simovic ◽  
Peter R Edsall ◽  
Bin Liu ◽  
Tomas S Cancio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Mediators ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Injury Severity ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Organ Damage ◽  
Blast Injury ◽  
Military Hospital ◽  
Remote Organ ◽  
Combat Casualties

Several preclinical and clinical reports have demonstrated that levels of circulating high mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) are increased early after trauma and are associated with systemic inflammation and clinical outcomes. However, the mechanisms of the interaction between HMGB1 and inflammatory mediators that lead to the development of remote organ damage after trauma remain obscure. HMGB1 and inflammatory mediators were analyzed in plasma from 54 combat casualties, collected on admission to a military hospital in Iraq, and at 8 and 24 hours after admission. Forty-five (83%) of these patients had traumatic brain injury (TBI). Nine healthy volunteers were enrolled as controls. HMGB1 plasma levels were significantly increased in the first 8 hours after admission, and were found to be associated with systemic inflammatory responses, injury severity score, and presence of TBI. These data provided the rationale for designing experiments in rats subjected to blast injury and hemorrhage, to explore the effect of HMGB1 inhibition by CX-01. Animals were cannulated, then recovered for 5-7 days before blast injury in a shock tube and volume-controlled hemorrhage. Blast injury and hemorrhage induced an early increase in HMGB1 plasma levels that coincided with severity of tissue damage and mortality. CX-01 inhibited systemic HMGB1 release, decreased local and systemic inflammatory responses, significantly reduced tissue and organ damage, and tended to increase survival. These data suggest that CX-01 has potential as an adjuvant treatment for traumatic hemorrhage.

scholarly journals HMGB1 Inhibition to Ameliorate Organ Failure and Increase Survival in Trauma

Biomolecules ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 101
Author(s):  
Zhangsheng Yang ◽  
Milomir O. Simovic ◽  
Peter R. Edsall ◽  
Bin Liu ◽  
Tomas S. Cancio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Mediators ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Injury Severity ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Organ Damage ◽  
Blast Injury ◽  
Military Hospital ◽  
Remote Organ ◽  
Combat Casualties

Several preclinical and clinical reports have demonstrated that levels of circulating high mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) are increased early after trauma and are associated with systemic inflammation and clinical outcomes. However, the mechanisms of the interaction between HMGB1 and inflammatory mediators that lead to the development of remote organ damage after trauma remain obscure. HMGB1 and inflammatory mediators were analyzed in plasma from 54 combat casualties, collected on admission to a military hospital in Iraq, and at 8 and 24 h after admission. In total, 45 (83%) of these patients had traumatic brain injury (TBI). Nine healthy volunteers were enrolled as controls. HMGB1 plasma levels were significantly increased in the first 8 h after admission, and were found to be associated with systemic inflammatory responses, injury severity score, and presence of TBI. These data provided the rationale for designing experiments in rats subjected to blast injury and hemorrhage, to explore the effect of HMGB1 inhibition by CX-01 (2-O, 3-O desulfated heparin). Animals were cannulated, then recovered for 5–7 days before blast injury in a shock tube and volume-controlled hemorrhage. Blast injury and hemorrhage induced an early increase in HMGB1 plasma levels that coincided with severity of tissue damage and mortality. CX-01 inhibited systemic HMGB1 activity, decreased local and systemic inflammatory responses, significantly reduced tissue and organ damage, and tended to increase survival. These data suggest that CX-01 has potential as an adjuvant treatment for traumatic hemorrhage.

scholarly journals Interventions to Mitigate Vaping Misinformation: Protocol for a Scoping Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Navin Kumar ◽  
Sam Hampsher ◽  
Nathan Walter ◽  
Kate Nyhan ◽  
Qinglan Ding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
English Language ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Open Science ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Scoping Reviews ◽  
Science Framework ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: The impact of misinformation about vapes’ relative harms compared with smoking may lead to increased tobacco-related burden of disease. To date, no systematic efforts have been made to chart interventions that mitigate vaping-related misinformation. We plan to conduct a scoping review that seeks to fill gaps in the current knowledge of interventions that mitigate vaping-related misinformation.Methods: A scoping review focusing on interventions that mitigate vaping-related misinformation will be conducted. We will search (no date restrictions) MEDLINE, Scopus, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Web of Science Core Collection, Global Health, ERIC and Sociological Abstracts. Grey literature will be identified using Disaster Lit, Google Scholar, Open Science Framework, governmental websites and preprint servers (e.g. EuropePMC, PsyArXiv, MedRxiv, JMIR Preprints). Study selection will conform to Joanna Briggs Institute Reviewers’ Manual 2020 Methodology for JBI Scoping Reviews. Only English language, original studies will be considered for inclusion. Two reviewers will independently screen all citations, full-text articles, and abstract data. A narrative summary of findings will be conducted. Data analysis will involve quantitative (e.g. frequencies) and qualitative (e.g. content and thematic analysis) methods.Discussion: Original research is urgently needed to design interventions to mitigate vaping-related misinformation. The planned scoping review will help to address this gap.Systematic Review registrations: Systematic Review Registration: Open Science Framework (osf/io/hy3tk).

scholarly journals Impact of health warning labels on snack selection: an online experimental study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natasha Clarke ◽  
Emily Pechey ◽  
Eleni Mantzari ◽  
Anna Katherine Mary Blackwell ◽  
Katie De-loyde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Open Science ◽  
Warning Labels ◽  
Health Warning ◽  
Online Setting ◽  
Science Framework ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Energy Dense Food ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Data Analysis Plan

BackgroundExcessive consumption of energy-dense food increases the risk of obesity, which in turn increases the risk of non-communicable diseases, including heart disease, type 2 diabetes and most non-smoking-related cancers. Health warning labels (HWLs) that communicate the adverse health consequences of excess energy consumption could reduce intake of energy-dense foods. The aim of the current study was to estimate the impact on selection of energy-dense snacks of (a) image-and-text HWLs (b) text-only HWLs and (c) calorie information. Methods A between-subjects, 3 (HWL: image-and-text, text-only, no label) x 2 (calorie information: present, absent), factorial experimental design. Participants (N=4,134) were randomised to view a selection of energy-dense and non-energy-dense snacks with one of five label types or no label. The primary outcome was the proportion of participants selecting an energy-dense snack in a hypothetical vending machine task.ResultsThe proportion of participants selecting an energy-dense snack was reduced in all label groups, relative to the no label group (image-and-text HWL: 37%; image-and-text HWL with calories: 38%; text-only HWL: 48%; text-only HWL with calories: 44%; calories only: 54%; no label: 59%). Participants were least likely to select an energy-dense snack in the image-and-text HWL group and most likely in the no label group (OR = 0.46, 95%CI = 0.40, 0.54, p &lt; 0.001).Conclusions Health warning labels – particularly those including an image and text - have the potential to reduce selection of energy-dense snacks in an online setting. Their impact on selection and consumption in real-world settings awaits testing.Trial registration: The study protocol (https://osf.io/6n7h9, registered: April 1st 2019) and data analysis plan (https://osf.io/zvrs5) were pre-registered on the Open Science Framework. KeywordsHealth warning labels, pictorial labels, graphic warnings, snacks, food, choice architecture, energy-dense

scholarly journals Conducting a Meta-Analysis in the Age of Open Science: Tools, Tips, and Practical Recommendations

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Moreau ◽  
Beau Gamble
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Open Science ◽  
Science Practices ◽  
Video Tutorials ◽  
Science Framework ◽  
Main Components ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Open Materials ◽  
Practical Recommendations

Psychology researchers are rapidly adopting open science practices, yet clear guidelines on how to apply these practices to meta-analysis remain lacking. In this tutorial, we describe why open science is important in the context of meta-analysis in psychology, and suggest how to adopt the three main components of open science: preregistration, open materials, and open data. We first describe how to make the preregistration as thorough as possible—and how to handle deviations from the plan. We then focus on creating easy-to-read materials (e.g., search syntax, R scripts) to facilitate reproducibility and bolster the impact of a meta-analysis. Finally, we suggest how to organize data (e.g., literature search results, data extracted from studies) that are easy to share, interpret, and update as new studies emerge. For each step of the meta-analysis, we provide example templates, accompanied by brief video tutorials, and show how to integrate these practices into the Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/q8stz/).

Publikasi Akademik Sepanjang 2019

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adib Rifqi Setiawan
Keyword(s):  
Open Science ◽  
Research Papers ◽  
Science Framework

Berikut ini beberapa publikasi saya pada 2019 ini. Penting atau tidak, saya menganggap bahwa publikasi hanyalah efek samping riset. Di luar publikasi ini, saya juga masih aktif sebagai penulis media daring, seperti Qureta.com, Selasar.com, dan SantriMilenial.net serta mengunggah beberapa artikel preprint melalui layanan Open Science Framework (OSF), EdArxiv.org, dan Research Papers in Economics (RePEc).

scholarly journals Nonoperative management of splenic injury in closely monitored patients with reduced consciousness is safe and feasible

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Teuben ◽  
Roy Spijkerman ◽  
Taco Blokhuis ◽  
Roman Pfeifer ◽  
Henrik Teuber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Status ◽  
Injury Severity ◽  
Splenic Injury ◽  
Nonoperative Management ◽  
Splenic Trauma ◽  
Blunt Splenic Injury ◽  
Icu Stay ◽  
Severity Scores ◽  
Gcs Score ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Treatment of blunt splenic injury has changed over the past decades. Nonoperative management (NOM) is the treatment of choice. Adequate patient selection is a prerequisite for successful NOM. Impaired mental status is considered as a relative contra indication for NOM. However, the impact of altered consciousness in well-equipped trauma institutes is unclear. We hypothesized that impaired mental status does not affect outcome in patients with splenic trauma. Methods Our prospectively composed trauma database was used and adult patients with blunt splenic injury were included during a 14-year time period. Treatment guidelines remained unaltered over time. Patients were grouped based on the presence (Group GCS: < 14) or absence (Group GCS: 14–15) of impaired mental status. Outcome was compared. Results A total of 161 patients were included, of whom 82 were selected for NOM. 36% of patients had a GCS-score < 14 (N = 20). The median GCS-score in patients with reduced consciousness was 9 (range 6–12). Groups were comparable except for significantly higher injury severity scores in the impaired mental status group (19 vs. 17, p = 0.007). Length of stay (28 vs. 9 days, p < 0.001) and ICU-stay (8 vs. 0 days, p = 0.005) were longer in patients with decreased GCS-scores. Failure of NOM, total splenectomy rates, complications and mortality did not differ between both study groups. Conclusion This study shows that NOM for blunt splenic trauma is a viable treatment modality in well-equipped institutions, regardless of the patients mental status. However, the presence of neurologic impairment is associated with prolonged ICU-stay and hospitalization. We recommend, in institutions with adequate monitoring facilities, to attempt nonoperative management for blunt splenic injury, in all hemodynamically stable patients without hollow organ injuries, also in the case of reduced consciousness.

scholarly journals Simultaneous Casualty Admissions—Do they Affect Treatment in the Receiving Trauma Center?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Paul Johan Teuben ◽  
Carsten Mand ◽  
Laura Moosdorf ◽  
Kai Sprengel ◽  
Alba Shehu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Injury Severity ◽  
Damage Control ◽  
Ct Scanning ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Trauma Centers ◽  
Simultaneous Treatment ◽  
Diagnostic Pathway ◽  
Injured Patients ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Mean Time

Abstract Background Simultaneous trauma admissions expose medical professionals to increased workload. The impact of simultaneous trauma admissions on hospital allocation, therapy, and outcome is currently unclear. We hypothesized that multiple admission-scenarios impact the diagnostic pathway and outcome. Methods The TraumaRegister DGU® was utilized. Patients admitted between 2002–2015 with an ISS ≥ 9, treated with ATLS®- algorithms were included. Group ´IND´ included individual admissions, two individuals that were admitted within 60 min of each other were selected for group ´MULT´. Patients admitted within 10 min were considered as simultaneous (´SIM´) admissions. We compared patient and trauma characteristics, treatment, and outcomes between both groups. Results 132,382 admissions were included, and 4,462/3.4% MULTiple admissions were found. The SIM-group contained 1,686/1.3% patients. The overall median injury severity score was 17 and a mean age of 48 years was found. MULT patients were more frequently admitted to level-one trauma centers (68%) than individual trauma admissions were (58%, p < 0.001). Mean time to CT-scanning (24 vs. 26/28 min) was longer in MULT / SIM patients compared to individual admissions. No differences in utilization of damage control principles were seen. Moreover, mortality rates did not differ between the groups (13.1% in regular admissions and 11.4%/10,6% in MULT/SIM patients). Conclusion This study demonstrates that simultaneous treatment of injured patients is rare. Individuals treated in parallel with other patients were more often admitted to level-one trauma centers compared with individual patients. Although diagnostics take longer, treatment principles and mortality are equal in individual admissions and simultaneously admitted patients. More studies are required to optimize health care under these conditions.

531 The Effect of Burn Wound Size on Caloric Requirements: A Correlation of Nutritional Changes to the Clinical State

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S113-S114
Author(s):  
Marc R Matthews ◽  
Sara Calder ◽  
Areta Kowal-Vern ◽  
Philomene Spadafore ◽  
Karen J Richey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Injury Severity ◽  
Burn Injury ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Total Body Surface Area ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Retrospective Chart Review ◽  
Clinical State ◽  
Apache Score ◽  
Burn Wound ◽  
Caloric Requirements

Abstract Introduction Caloric intake has been a vital component for burn wound healing and recovery. The hypothesis was that caloric requirements are based on injury severity & post-burn week as predicated by indirect calorimetry (IC)/predictive equations. Methods This was a retrospective chart review of 115 burn patients (2012–2017). Caloric requirements were determined by the Curreri equation [which includes % total body surface area (TBSA)] and IC for a 5-week period provided mainly by enteral nutrition. Patients received supplements and total parenteral nutrition as needed. Results The mean ±sd age was 43±18 years, 41±18 % TBSA, Body Mass Index of 28±7 kg/m2, and mortality of 26 (23%). The major mechanisms of injury were flame/flash/explosions. There were 59 (51%) of patients with &lt; 40 % TBSA burns, [median Injury Severity Score (ISS) 9; Apache score 14], and 56 (49%) with ≥40 % TBSA (median ISS 25; Apache score 21), p &lt; .0001. The Respiratory Quotient (RQ) had a median of 0.94 (range 0.79 to 1.02). The median number of surgeries for the &lt; 40 % TBSA group was 5 versus 12 for the ≥40 % TBSA, p &lt; .0001. The Injury Factor did not differ from weeks 1–5 (1.8 for &lt; 40 % TBSA and 2.0 for the ≥ 40 % TBSA). The Curreri equation calculation for this study was a median 3640 (range 2161–5950) calories. The Curreri equation resulted in significantly increased caloric recommendations for the ≥ 40 %TBSA compared to the &lt; 40 %TBSA patients, p &lt; .0001. The &lt; 40 %TBSA group had caloric requirements ranging between 1500- 2700 calories compared to the ≥ 40 %TBSA group, whose calories ranged between 2000–3700. The total daily caloric recommendations were also significantly increased in the ≥40 %TBSA compared to the &lt; 40 %TBSA patients. The maximum levels of resting energy expenditure (REE) from IC, total daily calories recommended by the dietitian and average calories ranged between 3000–4500 in the &lt; 40 %TBSA group and 3600–6700 in the ≥ 40 %TBSA group. The caloric recommendations increased for all patients from week 1 to week 3 and leveled off during weeks 4–5. Conclusions Patient caloric requirements were dependent not only on the severity of the burn injury but also the post-burn hospitalization during which surgeries, debridement/grafting, and infectious complications occurred. They increased until the third week post-burn and leveled off in the recovery period. The study caloric recommendations and requirements were consistent with the REE and Curreri equation assessments.

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