Effect of contrasted levels of habitual physical activity on metabolic flexibility

The factors regulating the body's ability to switch from fat to carbohydrate oxidation in response to fuel availability changes, or metabolic flexibility (MF), are currently intensively investigated in the context of metabolic diseases. Although numerous metabolic diseases are associated with sedentary behaviors and metabolic inflexibility, the effect of habitual physical activity level (PAL) on MF regulation is surprisingly poorly known. We investigated how PAL affects MF in cross-sectional and interventional studies. MF was assessed in 44 subjects: normal-weight and overweight sedentary men submitted to 2 mo of exercise at current recommendations, normal-weight active men submitted to 1 mo of reduced PAL and normal-weight women submitted to 1 mo of bed rest, with or without exercise. MF was evaluated, before and after interventions, following two standard meals as the relationship between individual mathematical variances in insulin and nonprotein respiratory quotient (NPRQ) daily kinetics. Daily NPRQ and insulin variances differed according to habitual PAL ( P = 0.002 and P = 0.009, respectively); active subjects had higher variances in NPRQ for lower variances in insulin than sedentary subjects, indicating a better MF. Detraining increased insulin variance ( P = 0.009) and decreased NPRQ variance ( P = 0.003), while training tended to have opposite effects. Insulin and NPRQ variances were negatively related along the PAL continuum ( R2 = 0.70, P < 0.001). Variance in NPRQ was also positively related to PAL ( R2 = 0.52, P < 0.001). By assessing MF with mathematical surrogates in conditions of daily pattern in meal's intake, we showed that habitual PAL is associated with MF status, and that MF is modulated by changes in PAL.

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Physical activity and sedentary behaviors (screen time and homework) among overweight or obese adolescents: a cross-sectional observational study in Yazd, Iran

BMC Pediatrics ◽

10.1186/s12887-021-02892-w ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ali Mohammad Hadianfard ◽

Hassan Mozaffari-Khosravi ◽

Majid Karandish ◽

Maryam Azhdari

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Online Education ◽

Family Size ◽

Screen Time ◽

Physical Inactivity ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Sedentary Behaviors ◽

Food Record ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Passive Transportation

Abstract Background The growing number of adolescents who are overweight or obese (OW / OB) is a public concern. The present study was aimed to evaluate physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviors (SB) (screen time (ST) and homework time (HT)) among Yazd OW/OB adolescents. Methods This cross-sectional study was performed among 510 students aged 12-16 in Yazd, Iran. The general information, PA, and SB (ST and HT) were collected by interview based on the WHO standard questionnaire. Anthropometric data were assessed by precise instruments. Daily energy intake (Energy) was obtained from a 7-day food record. Nutritionist 4 software (version I) was run to estimate the energy. Results There was a high prevalence of SB > 2h/day (97.6), ST > 2h/day (70.3%), overweight or obesity (40%), abdominal obesity (36.9%), physical inactivity (29.8%) among the students. The younger age (p = 0.014), energy (p < 0.001), no access to the yard (p < 0.001), family size ≤ 2 (p = 0.023), passive transportation, (p = 0.001), the highest school days’ HT (p = 0.033) and SB (p = 0.021), and the highest weekends’ HT among the students were the risk factors for OW/OB. The highest PA level was associated with a lower risk of OW/OB (p < 0.001). The findings were not the same in both sexes. Compared to the normal weight students, OW / OB spent more time on school days and weekdays for ST (P <0.001), HT (P <0.001, P = 0.005) and SB (P <0.001), respectively. OW/OB students showed a higher weekends’ ST (p < 0.001) and lower HT (p = 0.048) than normal-weight students. Conclusion The prevalence of SB, ST, OW/OB, and physical inactivity were common. The school days and weekends’ HT, the school days’ SB and HT, age, energy, PA, and access to the yard, family size, and passive transportation were related to the greater chances of OW/OB students. Given that the expansion of online education and self-isolation in a new situation with COVID-19, it seems we will meet the worrying results.

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Obesity and Habitual Physical Activity Level among Staffs Working in a Military Hospital in Malacca, Malaysia

IIUM Medical Journal Malaysia ◽

10.31436/imjm.v12i1.2003 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ayiesah Ramli

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Body Mass ◽

Physical Activity Level ◽

Activity Level ◽

Habitual Physical Activity ◽

Health Concern ◽

Military Hospital ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Mean

Introduction: Obesity has been recognized as a major public health concern due to lack of physical activity and a sedentary lifestyle. Methods: This cross sectional study was carried out to determine the status of body mass index (BMI) and habitual physical activity level among staffs working in Military Hospital, Malacca using Habitual Physical Activity Questionnaire (HPAQ). Results: About 120 HPAQ were distributed and only 82 responded with 23(28%) of them males and 59 (72%) females, aged between 21 to 59 (40.52 ± 9.38) years old. Anthropometry analysis showed the mean weight of male respondents was 79.48 (± 16.33) and 70.95 (± 15.66) for the females. Body mass index (BMI) for males (33.61 ± 2.82) was almost similar to females ( 33.20± 2.95).The mean waist circumference of men was 93.26 (± 10.94)cm compared to 94.03 (± 11.98)cm in the females. Following categorization of BMI, 59% (n=48) are in the obese group, 24% (n=20) are overweight and only 17% (n=14) have an ideal body weight or normal BMI. Relationship between BMI and HPAQ demonstrated strong and significant correlation coefficient for habitual physical activity at work (r = 0.775, p < 0.001), sports (r = 0.735, p < 0.05) and leisure ( r = 0.713, p < 0.001). Conclusion: The staffs working in the Hospital demonstrated poor habitual physical activity which explains for the high incidence of obesity among the staffs. This requires measures to be taken to promote a healthier lifestyle among them.

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Insufficient Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviors among Medical Students during the COVID-19 Lockdown: Findings from a Cross-Sectional Study in Pakistan

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph181910257 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (19) ◽

pp. 10257

Author(s):

Irfan Ullah ◽

Md. Saiful Islam ◽

Sajjad Ali ◽

Hashaam Jamil ◽

Muhammad Junaid Tahir ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Medical Students ◽

Online Survey ◽

Short Form ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Sedentary Behaviors ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Insufficient Physical Activity ◽

Policies And Programs

Background: The unprecedented COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in social distancing and isolation which leads to insufficient physical activity and thereby increases sedentary behaviors. Hence, this study aimed to assess the prevalence of insufficient physical activity and sedentary behaviors among medical students during the COVID-19 lockdown in Pakistan, and to determine their associated factors. Methods: A cross-sectional online survey was carried out among 407 medical students from the Punjab and Sindh provinces between May and June 2020. To collect data, an e-questionnaire was sent to obtain informed consent along with questions concerning socio-demographics as well as an International Physical Activity Questionnaires–Short Form (IPAQ–SF). Results: As per the IPAQ, almost five in ten participants were physically inactive (48.2%), and 45.2% reported sedentary behaviors. Participants with insufficient physical activity were more likely to report sedentary behaviors than their counterparts (AOR = 2.53; 95% CI = 1.66–3.85, p < 0.001). The odds of insufficient physical activity were higher among the participants who did not strictly follow the COVID-19 preventive measures (AOR = 2.51; 95% CI = 1.35–4.69, p = 0.004); similarly, there were increased odds of sedentary behaviors observed among participants within a normal weight range compared to those who were underweight (AOR = 2.69; 95% CI = 1.76–4.11, p < 0.001). Conclusions: Insufficient physical activity and sedentary behavior are prevalent among medical students in Pakistan during the COVID-19 pandemic. These findings indicate the importance of establishing tailored policies and programs to encourage young adults to engage in physical activity.

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Relationship between Health Costs and Inflammatory Profile in Public Health

Current Pharmaceutical Design ◽

10.2174/1381612825666191106155903 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (43) ◽

pp. 4622-4629

Author(s):

Ana P.R. Rocha ◽

Fábio S. Lira ◽

Denise R. Bueno ◽

Daniela S. Inoue ◽

Dayane C. Queiroz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Inflammatory Markers ◽

Healthcare Costs ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Activity Level ◽

Habitual Physical Activity ◽

Financial Impact ◽

Noncommunicable Diseases ◽

P Value ◽

Cross Sectional

Introduction: The association between obesity and physical activity level is well established in the literature, as well as its consequences that lead to chronic noncommunicable diseases. In addition, it is also possible to obtain the immunometabolic mechanism that explains the pathway of associations between obesity, chronic noncommunicable diseases and level of physical activity. It also seems clear that treating illnesses has a financial impact on healthcare systems around the world, so it seems important to assess the financial impact on the healthcare system of individuals with immunometabolic dysfunction. Aim: To assess whether there is a correlation between metabolic and inflammatory markers and healthcare costs according to body adiposity and habitual physical activity (HPA). Methods: cross-sectional study, the sample consisted of men and women aged over 50. Participants underwent evaluations that included the following variables: i) immunometabolic markers, ii) healthcare costs, iii) obesity, iv) habitual physical activity, and v) history of personal illness. Statistical significance was set at values lower than 5% and the software used was BioEstat. Results: The correlation between metabolic and inflammatory markers and healthcare costs demonstrated a positive and significant relationship, adjusted for obesity and HPA, between glucose concentrations and exam costs (r = 0.343, p-value = 0.007) and total cost (r = 261; p-value = 0.043); HOMA index and cost of exams (r = 0.267; p-value = 0.038); and IL-10 and cost of medical consultation (r = 0.297; p-value = 0.020). Conclusion: Metabolic and inflammatory markers may be related to the costs of consultations and examinations, independent of obesity and HPA.

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Cross-sectional analysis of self-reported sedentary behaviors and chronic knee pain among South Korean adults over 50 years of age in KNHANES 2013-2015

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/s12889-019-7653-9 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Sook-Hyun Lee ◽

Chihyoung Son ◽

Sujung Yeo ◽

In-Hyuk Ha

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Sedentary Behavior ◽

Knee Pain ◽

Odds Ratio ◽

Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Activity Level ◽

Sedentary Behaviors ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Chronic Knee Pain

Abstract Background An increasing amount of evidence supports an association between sedentary behaviors and chronic knee pain. However, the association between the total daily duration of sedentary behavior and chronic knee pain in the general population remains unclear. We aimed to analyze the association between sedentary behavior and chronic knee pain in a study population representative of the general Korean population aged > 50 years while also considering the physical activity or body mass index (BMI). Methods This cross-sectional study used data from the 6th Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES VI) of 2013–2015, which was completed by 22,948 Korean adult participants aged > 50 years. The participants were divided into two groups based on the status of the chronic knee pain. Data were analyzed using multivariable logistic regression after adjustment for age, sex, and individual factors. Results Longer sedentary behavior was correlated with chronic knee pain (p for trend = 0.02). Sedentary behavior exceeding 10 h/day was significantly associated with chronic knee pain (adjusted odds ratio, 1.28; p = 0.03). Participants with high levels of physical activity were less likely to suffer from chronic knee pain (adjusted odds ratio, 0.78; p = 0.00), and women with over 10 daily hours of sedentary behavior with high levels of physical activity were more likely to have chronic knee pain. A significant association was noted between chronic knee pain and obesity (≥30.0 kg/m2) individuals (adjusted odds ratio, 3.48; p = 0.04). Conclusions Longer duration of sedentary behaviors was correlated with chronic knee pain. Our study suggests the need to encourage reductions in overall sedentary behavior to < 10 h daily. A high physical activity level is recommended, particularly for women > 50 years and those with obesity.

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Physical Activity Level and Ischemic Heart Disease Prevalence Among Individuals Aged 45 Years and Older With Normal Weight, BRFSS, 2007

Journal of Physical Activity and Health ◽

10.1123/jpah.8.4.475 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 475-480 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Xiao Jun Wen ◽

Lina S. Balluz

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Heart Disease ◽

Ischemic Heart Disease ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Activity Level ◽

Ischemic Heart ◽

Behavioral Risk ◽

Normal Body Mass Index ◽

Cross Sectional

Background:Most ischemic heart disease (IHD) prevention programs that promote physical activity (PA) have focused on overweight/obese populations. Persons with normal body mass index (BMI) may mistakenly think that they are not at risk for IHD and remain physically inactive. Studies exploring the risk of IHD and PA level among adults aged 45 years and older with normal weight are limited.Methods:Cross-sectional study to examine the prevalence of IHD and PA level among 94455 respondents aged 45 years and older with normal BMI using the 2007 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data.Results:Approximately 50% of respondents reported low/inactive PA. The prevalence of IHD among persons with inactive, low, medium, and high PA was 16.6% (95% CI = 15.1−18.1%), 9.6% (8.9−10.3%), 8.9% (8.3−9.6%), and 5.4% (4.9−5.9%). The adjusted odds ratios of IHD among persons with low, medium, and high PA compared with those with inactive PA was 0.68 (95% CI = 0.59−0.79), 0.63 (0.54−0.73), and 0.49 (0.42−0.57).Conclusions:The percentage of respondents with low or inactive PA among populations aged 45 years and older with BMI 18 to <25 was alarmingly high and independently associated with higher IHD prevalence. Persons who are not overweight/ obese still need to have adequate PA to reduce the risk of IHD.

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Association between Self Reported Questionnaire-determined Physical Activity Level with the Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Adolescent

Indonesian Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation ◽

10.36803/ijpmr.v8i01.178 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (01) ◽

pp. 2-8

Author(s):

Chandrawati Gultom ◽

Irma Ruslina Defi ◽

Ellyana Sungkar

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽

Metabolic Diseases ◽

Mean Value ◽

The Body ◽

Activity Level ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Physical Activity Questionnaire ◽

Cross Sectional Design ◽

Activity Questionnaire

Introduction: Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and physical activity (PA) in childhood can reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases in adults. Further analysis related to the relationship between PA and CRFto prevent an inactive lifestyle is neededMethods: An analytic cross-sectional design in adolescents aged 13-15 years old, who had no cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, with light or medium physical activity, no deformity in thelower limbs and posture disorders. Cardiorespiratory fitness was assessed by the indirect method Bruce Protocol in the Faculty of Sport and Health Education’s library, The University of Pendidikan Indonesiaon September-October 2019. Physical activity was measure by the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescent (PAQ-A).Results: Subjects consisted of 82 adolescents (41 boys, 41 girls), aged 13-15 years old with the Body mass index (BMI) was 18.5-29 kg/m2. The mean value of predicted VO2max (Bruce) for boys and girlswere 46.66 ± 8.765 and 40.06 ± 6.210 ml/kg2, while the value of predicted PAQ-A score for boys and girls were 2.54±0.756 and 2.16±0.416. The correlation between PAQ-A and VO2max in boys and girlswere r=0,190, p=0,234 and r=0.420; p=0.006.Conclusion: There was a moderate association between PAQ-A with VO2max in girls.Keywords: Cardiorespiratory fitness, Physical activity questionnaire, VO2max.

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A cross-sectional study investigating lifestyle and weight perception of undergraduate students in southern Italy

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/s12889-019-7695-z ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Francesca Gallè ◽

Elita Anna Sabella ◽

Giovanna Da Molin ◽

Giorgio Liguori ◽

Maria Teresa Montagna ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Undergraduate Students ◽

Southern Italy ◽

Weight Perception ◽

Occupational Status ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Sedentary Behaviors ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Critical Issues

Abstract Background The aim of the study was to explore lifestyle of undergraduate students in southern Italy and to investigate their determinants. Methods An anonymous, web-based questionnaire investigating weight and its perception, smoking and alcohol use, achievement of recommended levels of physical activity and time spent daily in screen-based sedentary behaviors was administered to students attending two universities in southern Italy. Age, gender, city, type of degree course attended, occupational status and residential status were considered as possible demographic determinants. Results The majority of the participants reported a normal weight (71.2%), were non-smokers (66.6%), occasional alcohol consumers (60.5%) and insufficiently active (62.6%), with a reported mean screen time exceeding 2 h per day. Gender, city, type of degree course and occupational status were found to be associated with lifestyle by regression analysis. Normal weight, overweight and obese students were generally properly aware of their weight condition; however, weight misperceptions were registered among normal and underweight undergraduates. Conclusions This study highlighted some critical issues regarding lifestyles of university students that suggest the need for health promotion interventions targeted mainly on physical activity.

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Physical inactivity as the culprit of metabolic inflexibility: evidence from bed-rest studies

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/japplphysiol.00698.2011 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 111 (4) ◽

pp. 1201-1210 ◽

Cited By ~ 136

Author(s):

Audrey Bergouignan ◽

Floriane Rudwill ◽

Chantal Simon ◽

Stéphane Blanc

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Physical Inactivity ◽

Metabolic Diseases ◽

Fiber Type ◽

Bed Rest ◽

Sedentary Behaviors ◽

Lipid Trafficking ◽

Metabolic Adaptations ◽

Physiological Adaptations ◽

Metabolic Inflexibility

Although it is no longer debatable that sedentary behaviors are an actual cause of many metabolic diseases, the physiology of physical inactivity has been poorly investigated for this purpose. Along with microgravity, the physiological adaptations to spaceflights require metabolic adaptations to physical inactivity, and that is exceedingly well-simulated during the ground-based microgravity bed-rest analogs. Bed rest thus represents a unique model to investigate the mechanisms by which physical inactivity leads to the development of current societal chronic diseases. For decades, however, clinicians and physiologists working in space research have worked separately without taking full awareness of potential strong mutual questioning. This review summarizes the data collected over the last 60 years on metabolic adaptations to bed rest in healthy subjects. Our aim is to provide evidence that supports the hypothesis that physical inactivity per se is one of the primary causes in the development of metabolic inflexibility. This evidence will focus on four main tenants of metabolic inflexiblity: 1) insulin resistance, 2) impaired lipid trafficking and hyperlipidemia, 3) a shift in substrate use toward glucose, and 4) a shift in muscle fiber type and ectopic fat storage. Altogether, this hypothesis places sedentary behaviors upstream on the list of factors involved in metabolic inflexibility, which is considered to be a primary impairment in several metabolic disorders such as obesity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes mellitus.

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Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviors (Screen Time and Homework) Among Overweight or Obese Adolescents Before The COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Observational Study in Yazd, Iran

10.21203/rs.3.rs-668903/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ali Mohammad Hadianfard ◽

Hassan Mozaffari-Khosravi ◽

Majid Karandish ◽

Maryam Azhdari

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Online Education ◽

Family Size ◽

Screen Time ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

General Information ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Motor Vehicles ◽

Sedentary Behaviors ◽

Cross Sectional

Abstract Background The growing number of adolescents who are overweight or obese (OW / OB) is a public concern. The present study was aimed to evaluate PA and sedentary behaviors (SB) (screen time (ST) and homework time (HT)) among Yazd OW/OB adolescents before the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods This cross-sectional study was performed among 510 students aged 12–16 in Yazd, Iran. The general information, physical activity (PA), and SB (ST and HT) were collected by interview based on the WHO standard questionnaire. Anthropometric data and daily energy intake (Energy) were assessed. Results There was a high prevalence of SB > 2h/day (97.6), ST > 2h/day (70.3%), overweight or obesity (40%), abdominal obesity (36.9%), low PA (29.8%) among the students. The younger age (p = 0.014), energy (p < 0.001), no access to the yard (p < 0.001), family size ≤ 4 (p = 0.023), the commuting to school by motor vehicles (p = 0.001), the highest school days’ HT (p = 0.033) and SB (p = 0.021), and the highest weekends’ HT among the students were the risk factors for OW/OB. The highest PA level was associated with a lower risk of OW/OB (p < 0.001). The findings were not the same in both sexes. Compared to the normal weight students, OW / OB spent more time on school days and weekdays for ST (P < 0.001), HT (P < 0.001, P = 0.005) and SB (P < 0.001), respectively. OW/OB students showed a higher weekends’ ST (p < 0.001) and lower HT (p = 0.048) than normal-weight students. Conclusion The prevalence of SB, ST, OW/OB, and low PA were common. The school days and weekends’ HT, the school days’ SB and HT, age, energy, PA, and access to the yard, family size, and the commuting to school were related to the greater chances of OW/OB students. Given that the expansion of online education and self-isolation in a new situation with COVID-19, it seems we will meet the worrying results.

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