scholarly journals Airway diffusing capacity of nitric oxide and steroid therapy in asthma

2004 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hye-Won Shin ◽  
Christine M. Rose-Gottron ◽  
Dan M. Cooper ◽  
Robert L. Newcomb ◽  
Steven C. George
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Steroid Therapy ◽  
Forced Vital Capacity ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Tissue Concentration ◽  
Respir Crit ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Diffusing Capacity ◽  
Measured Flow ◽  
The Mean

Exhaled nitric oxide (NO) concentration is a noninvasive index for monitoring lung inflammation in diseases such as asthma. The plateau concentration at constant flow is highly dependent on the exhalation flow rate and the use of corticosteroids and cannot distinguish airway and alveolar sources. In subjects with steroid-naive asthma ( n = 8) or steroid-treated asthma ( n = 12) and in healthy controls ( n = 24), we measured flow-independent NO exchange parameters that partition exhaled NO into airway and alveolar regions and correlated these with symptoms and lung function. The mean (±SD) maximum airway flux (pl/s) and airway tissue concentration [parts/billion (ppb)] of NO were lower in steroid-treated asthmatic subjects compared with steroid-naive asthmatic subjects (1,195 ± 836 pl/s and 143 ± 66 ppb compared with 2,693 ± 1,687 pl/s and 438 ± 312 ppb, respectively). In contrast, the airway diffusing capacity for NO (pl·s-1·ppb-1) was elevated in both asthmatic groups compared with healthy controls, independent of steroid therapy (11.8 ± 11.7, 8.71 ± 5.74, and 3.13 ± 1.57 pl·s-1·ppb-1 for steroid treated, steroid naive, and healthy controls, respectively). In addition, the airway diffusing capacity was inversely correlated with both forced expired volume in 1 s and forced vital capacity (%predicted), whereas the airway tissue concentration was positively correlated with forced vital capacity. Consistent with previously reported results from Silkoff et al. (Silkoff PE, Sylvester JT, Zamel N, and Permutt S, Am J Respir Crit Med 161: 1218-1228, 2000) that used an alternate technique, we conclude that the airway diffusing capacity for NO is elevated in asthma independent of steroid therapy and may reflect clinically relevant changes in airways.

scholarly journals Chest MRI to diagnose early diaphragmatic weakness in Pompe disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurike Harlaar ◽  
Pierluigi Ciet ◽  
Gijs van Tulder ◽  
Alice Pittaro ◽  
Harmke A. van Kooten ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Supine Position ◽  
Forced Vital Capacity ◽  
Pompe Disease ◽  
Respiratory Function ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Irreversible Damage ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Diaphragmatic Weakness ◽  
Anterior Posterior

Abstract Background In Pompe disease, an inherited metabolic muscle disorder, severe diaphragmatic weakness often occurs. Enzyme replacement treatment is relatively ineffective for respiratory function, possibly because of irreversible damage to the diaphragm early in the disease course. Mildly impaired diaphragmatic function may not be recognized by spirometry, which is commonly used to study respiratory function. In this cross-sectional study, we aimed to identify early signs of diaphragmatic weakness in Pompe patients using chest MRI. Methods Pompe patients covering the spectrum of disease severity, and sex and age matched healthy controls were prospectively included and studied using spirometry-controlled sagittal MR images of both mid-hemidiaphragms during forced inspiration. The motions of the diaphragm and thoracic wall were evaluated by measuring thoracic cranial-caudal and anterior–posterior distance ratios between inspiration and expiration. The diaphragm shape was evaluated by measuring the height of the diaphragm curvature. We used multiple linear regression analysis to compare different groups. Results We included 22 Pompe patients with decreased spirometry results (forced vital capacity in supine position < 80% predicted); 13 Pompe patients with normal spirometry results (forced vital capacity in supine position ≥ 80% predicted) and 18 healthy controls. The mean cranial-caudal ratio was only 1.32 in patients with decreased spirometry results, 1.60 in patients with normal spirometry results and 1.72 in healthy controls (p < 0.001). Anterior–posterior ratios showed no significant differences. The mean height ratios of the diaphragm curvature were 1.41 in patients with decreased spirometry results, 1.08 in patients with normal spirometry results and 0.82 in healthy controls (p = 0.001), indicating an increased curvature of the diaphragm during inspiration in Pompe patients. Conclusions Even in early-stage Pompe disease, when spirometry results are still within normal range, the motion of the diaphragm is already reduced and the shape is more curved during inspiration. MRI can be used to detect early signs of diaphragmatic weakness in patients with Pompe disease, which might help to select patients for early intervention to prevent possible irreversible damage to the diaphragm.

Pulmonary function in men after oxygen breathing at 3.0 ATA for 3.5 h

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 878-885 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Clark ◽  
R. M. Jackson ◽  
C. J. Lambertsen ◽  
R. Gelfand ◽  
W. D. Hiller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Forced Vital Capacity ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Large Change ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Diffusing Capacity ◽  
Mild Degree ◽  
Oxygen Breathing ◽  
Multiple Organs ◽  
Expiratory Flow

As a pulmonary component of Predictive Studies V, designed to determine O2 tolerance of multiple organs and systems in humans at 3.0–1.5 ATA, pulmonary function was evaluated at 1.0 ATA in 13 healthy men before and after O2 exposure at 3.0 ATA for 3.5 h. Measurements included flow-volume loops, spirometry, and airway resistance (Raw) (n = 12); CO diffusing capacity (n = 11); closing volumes (n = 6); and air vs. HeO2 forced vital capacity maneuvers (n = 5). Chest discomfort, cough, and dyspnea were experienced during exposure in mild degree by most subjects. Mean forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and forced expiratory flow at 25–75% of vital capacity (FEF25–75) were significantly reduced postexposure by 5.9 and 11.8%, respectively, whereas forced vital capacity was not significantly changed. The average difference in maximum midexpiratory flow rates at 50% vital capacity on air and HeO2 was significantly reduced postexposure by 18%. Raw and CO diffusing capacity were not changed postexposure. The relatively large change in FEF25–75 compared with FEV1, the reduction in density dependence of flow, and the normal Raw postexposure are all consistent with flow limitation in peripheral airways as a major cause of the observed reduction in expiratory flow. Postexposure pulmonary function changes in one subject who convulsed at 3.0 h of exposure are compared with corresponding average changes in 12 subjects who did not convulse.

Effect of varying alveolar oxygen partial pressure on diffusing capacity for nitric oxide and carbon monoxide, membrane diffusing capacity and lung capillary blood volume

1991 ◽  
Vol 81 (6) ◽  
pp. 759-765 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. D. R. Borland ◽  
Y. Cox
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Oxygen Partial Pressure ◽  
Partial Pressure ◽  
Diffusing Capacity ◽  
Pulmonary Capillary ◽  
Capillary Blood Volume ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Alveolar Oxygen

1. To examine the effect of varying oxygen partial pressure (Pao2) on nitric oxide (DLNO) and carbon monoxide (DLCO) diffusing capacity (transfer factor), 10 subjects performed combined DLCO/DLNO measurements with the inspired mixture made up with three different oxygen concentrations (25%, 18% and 15%) to give Pao2 values of 12–20 kPa. 2. A novel method is described for calculating membrane diffusing capacity (DM) and pulmonary capillary volume (Qc) from DLNO and DLCO. 3. The mean DMCO was 52.89 mmol min−1 kPa−1 and Qc was 0.056 litre. Reducing Pao2 from 20 to 12 kPa resulted in an increase in DLCO = −0.124 (O2%) + 11.67 (P < 0.001) and a fall in DLNO = 0.538 (O2%) + 32.01 (P < 0.001) and a fall in DLNO/DLCO = 0.107 (O2%) + 2.52 (P < 0.001). DM (P = 0.59) and Qc (P = 0.64) also tended to fall with falling Pao2. 4. It appears more likely that the minor reduction in DLNO that we have observed with falling Pao2 is due to diffusion rather than reaction limitation.

scholarly journals PENGARUH LATIHAN AEROBIK TERHADAP FORCED VITAL CAPACITY (FVC)PRIA DEWASA DENGANOVERWEIGHT

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ester Florencia Sagay ◽  
Hedison Polii ◽  
Herlina I. S. Wungouw
Keyword(s):  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Forced Vital Capacity ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Post Test ◽  
The Mean

Abstract: Changes to respiratory function due to regular aerobic exercise will affect the value of pulmonary function, especially in Forced Vital Capacity (FVC). This research aimed to determine the effect of aerobic exercise on FVC overweight male students of Unsrat Medical Faculty. This research is analytic with design experimental, one group pre and post test design. The sampling technique used is non-purposive sampling technique. The research sample was taken from the students of the Faculty of Medicine 2009, Univercity of Sam Ratulangi who fulfill the inclusion criteria. Some 32 students were selected as research subjects. After giving informed consent, FVC measurement was done with the spirometer. After it was measured, they were given treatmen in the form aerobic exercise using a stationary bike for three weeks with frequency of exercise three times a week and exercise intensity for 30 minutes. We measured again FVC values after the exercise three times program. Normality test data showed significance for FVC value before treatment by 0.752, and after treatment by 0.912. Comparison of the average value before and after exercise were tested by using a paired test. Significant value for FVC is P = 0.084, means there is no significant difference between FVC values before and after exercise (P> 0.05). The mean FVC was 3.88 before treatment and after treatment the mean value was 4.00, an increase in the average value of 0.11. Conclusion:Aerobic Exercise on a regular basis using a stationary bike on the overweight male student can improve lung function in particular the mean FVC but there was no significant difference from the mean value. Keywords: FVC, Aerobic Exercise, Overweight.   Abstrak: Perubahan fungsi pernapasan karena latihan aerobik secara teratur akan mempengaruhi nilai fungsi paru khususnya Forced Vital Capacity (FVC). Penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh latihan aerobik terhadap FVC mahasiswa pria Fakultas Kedokteran Unsrat dengan berat badan lebih.Penelitian ini bersifat analitik dengan rancangan eksperimental one grup pre and post test design. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan teknik non purposive sampling. Sampel penelitian diambil dari Mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sam Ratulangi Angkatan 2009.Sejumlah 32 orang mahasiswa terpilih sebagai subjek penelitian dan dilakukan pengukuran FVC dengan Spirometer.Setelah itu diberikan perlakuan berupa latihan aerobik menggunakan sepeda statis selama tiga minggu dengan frekuensi latihan tiga kali seminggu dan intensitas latihan selama 30 menit.Selanjutnya dilakukan pengukuran kembali nilai FVC sesudah program latihan.Uji normalitas data menunjukkan nilai signifikansi untuk FVC sebelum perlakuan sebesar 0.752, dan sesudah perlakuan sebesar 0.912. Perbandingan nilai rata  rata  sebelum dan sesudah latihan diuji dengan menggunakan uji t berpasangan.Nilai signifikan untuk FVC adalah P = 0.084, berarti tidak terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna antara nilai FVC sebelum dan sesudah latihan (P > 0.05) .Nilai rerata FVC sebelum pelakuan adalah 3,88  dan nilai rerata sesudah perlakuan adalah  4,00,  terjadi penigkatan nilai rerata sebesar 0,11.Simpulan:Latihan Aerobik menggunakan sepeda statis secara teratur dapat meningkatkan nilai rerata fungsi paru khususnya FVC tetapi tidak terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna dari nilai rerata tersebut. Kata Kunci: FVC, Latihan Aerobik, Berat Badan Lebih (Overweight).

scholarly journals The efficacy of nintedanib in 158 patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in real-world settings: A multicenter retrospective study

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 205031212110233
Author(s):  
Masaki Dobashi ◽  
Hisashi Tanaka ◽  
Kageaki Taima ◽  
Masamichi Itoga ◽  
Yoshiko Ishioka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽  
Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽  
Real World ◽  
Forced Vital Capacity ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Comparable Efficacy ◽  
Diffusing Capacity ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Severe Group

Background: The INPULSIS trials revealed that nintedanib reduced the decline in lung function in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of nintedanib in Japanese idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis patients in real-world settings. Method: Medical records of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis patients, who received treatment with nintedanib in five institutions between July 2015 and June 2017, were reviewed. Patients with % forced vital capacity ⩾50% and % predicted diffusing capacity of the lung carbon monoxide ⩾30% were classified as the moderate group and those with more impaired lung functions as the severe group. Result: Among 158 patients analyzed, 132 (84.6%) were classified as the moderate group and 26 (15.4%) as the severe group. In the moderate group, changes in forced vital capacity in 12 months were significantly different between before and after nintedanib administration (−253 ± 163 vs −125 ± 235 mL; p = 0.0027). In contrast, changes in forced vital capacity in 12 months were not significantly changed by nintedanib treatment in the severe group (−353 ± 250 vs −112 ± 341 mL; p = 0.2374). Incidence of acute exacerbation was higher in the severe group than in the moderate group (30.8% vs 18.9%). The overall survival of the moderate and the severe groups was 17.2 and 10.1 months. Conclusion: In real-world practice, nintedanib showed comparable efficacy to those observed in previous trials. In the severe group, the efficacy of nintedanib might be limited.

Pulmonary Complications of Acute Spinal Cord Injuries

Neurosurgery ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
David H. Reines ◽  
Robert C. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Forced Vital Capacity ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Spinal Cord Injuries ◽  
Pulmonary Complications ◽  
Neurological Deficits ◽  
Respiratory Problems ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
The Mean

Abstract The records of 123 consecutive patients admitted with spinal cord injury were examined for the presence of pulmonary complications. Forty-nine had tetraplegia and 23 had paraplegia; the remainder suffered a variety of neurological deficits. Multiple injuries were encountered in 36 patients. Fifty-three pulmonary complications were noted in 44 (35.7%) patients. The most common problems were atelectasis and pneumonia. There were 22 (18%) deaths. Fourteen deaths were related to pulmonary complications. The mean age of patients who died was 52 ± 13 (SE) compared to 28 ± 12 for survivors. A mean forced vital capacity (FVC) of 1127 ± 410 cc in patients suffering respiratory difficulties compared to a FVC of 1865 ± 85 cc in patients without complications (P &lt; 0.001). Oxygenation (PaO2 90 ± 19 torr) was normal in patients without respiratory problems and was abnormal in patients developing problems (PaO2 76 ± 30 torr; P &lt; 0.05). Twenty patients were treated with a rotating bed. The complication rate of patients on the bed was only 10%. In conclusion, respiratory problems remain a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in spinal cord injury. The forced vital capacity, blood oxygen tension, and age are predictors of pulmonary complications. The use of a multidisciplinary approach and a rotating bed may minimize these problems.

Evaluation of the VMM Turbine for Spirometry in the Applied Physiology Laboratory

1993 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 317-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Donald F. Smith ◽  
David A. Cunningham ◽  
Donald H. Paterson ◽  
Peter A. Rechnitzer
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Forced Vital Capacity ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Peak Flow ◽  
Volume Measurement ◽  
Lung Volumes ◽  
Applied Physiology ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Physiology Laboratory

The volume measurement module turbine (VMM) was evaluated in 51 subjects for spirometry in applied physiology against the Stead-Wells spirometer (SW) and Wright peak flow meter (WM). The volume and flow ranges (VMM) were, FEV1 1.32 to 3.94 L (mean 2.62, confidence interval [CI] 2.46 to 2.78); forced vital capacity (FVC) 1.97 to 5.06 L (mean 3.50, CI 3.29 to 3.71); and peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) 290 to 624 L∙min−1 (mean 434, CI 407 to 461). The mean difference for FEV1 was 0.09 L (CI 0.05 to 0.14), FVC 0.04 L (CI −0.02 to 0.10), and PEFR 18.0 L min−1 (CI 8.7 to 27.3) less than SW or WM. Bias with FEV1 and FVC was not significant, though PEFR demonstrated a significant proportional error. The repeatability coefficients for FEV1 and FVC were 0.18 and 0.20, comparable to the SW; but for PEFR they were greater, 58.4 versus 33.8 L∙min−1 by WM. The VMM turbine is accurate and reliable for the measurement of FEV1 and FVC over the ranges studied; however, care should be taken when interpreting PEFR. Key words: lung volumes, FEV1 FVC

scholarly journals Study on Role of Nitric Oxide and High Sensitive C - reactive protein in subjects with Coronary Heart Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL4) ◽  
pp. 3068-3072
Author(s):  
Keerthi Karini ◽  
Thirunavukkarasu Jaishankar ◽  
Kasthuri Natarajan ◽  
Balasubramanian Kannan
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Hs Crp

Nitric Oxide (NO) where produced by endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) enzyme which are inhibited by C-reactive protein (CRP) which causes endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular events. In the current study, we evaluated the association of NO with hs-CRP in subjects with coronary heart disease. This Case-Control study was conducted 60 CHD patients and 60 healthy controls in age group of 30 to 55 years at SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Centre on subjects attending the Cardiology and medicine OP. Blood samples were collected after overnight fasting for analysis of Lipid Profile, High sensitive C-reactive protein. Nitric Oxide and High sensitive C-reactive protein is measured by ELISA method and Lipid Profile is measured using Auto Analyzer AU480. Statistical analysis was done using Student ‘t’ test and Pearson correlation analysis used to the variable between two groups. The mean level of LDL-C (161.9±27.46) and hs-CRP (6.80±1.35) were significantly elevated in CHD subjects when compared to the normal healthy controls. And the mean level of Nitric Oxide (12.97±1.20) were decreased significantly in CHD group when compared to controls. Increased oxidative stress associated with low grade inflammation lead to diminished bioavailability of nitric oxide.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document