Circulating Long-Chain Acylcarnitine Concentrations are Not Affected by Exercise Training in Pregnant Women with Obesity

Author(s):  
Brittany Rose Allman ◽  
Beverly J. Spray ◽  
Renny S. Lan ◽  
Aline Andres ◽  
Elisabet Børsheim

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of exercise during pregnancy in sedentary women with obesity on longitudinal changes in long-chain acylcarnitine (LC-AC) concentrations. We hypothesized that exercise training would significantly decrease circulating LC-ACs throughout gestation compared to a non-exercise control group. Pregnant women with obesity considered otherwise healthy [n=80, mean ± SD; body mass index (BMI): 36.9±5.7 kg/m2] were randomized into an exercise (n=40, aerobic/resistance 3x/week, ~13th gestation week until birth) or a non-exercise control (n=40) group. At gestation week 12.2 ± 0.5 and 36.0 ± 0.4, a submaximal exercise test was conducted, and indirect calorimetry was used to measure relative resting energy expenditure (REE), as well as respiratory exchange ratio (RER) at rest. Fasting blood samples were collected and analyzed for LC-AC concentrations. Fitness improved with prenatal exercise training; however, exercise training did not affect circulating LC-AC. When groups were collapsed, LC-ACs decreased during gestation (combined groups, P < 0.001), whereas REE (kcal·kg-1·d-1, P = 0.008) increased. However, average REE relative to FFM (kcal·kgFFM-1·d-1) and RER did not change. There was an inverse relationship between the change in RER and all LC-ACs (except C18:2) throughout gestation (C14: r = -0.26, P = 0.04; C16: r = -0.27, P = 0.03; C18:1: r = -0.28, P = 0.02). In summary, a moderate intensity exercise intervention during pregnancy in women with obesity did not alter LC-ACs concentrations versus control, indicating that the balance between LCFA availability and oxidation neither improved nor worsened with an exercise intervention.

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 130 (suppl_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulf G Bronas ◽  
Marc Weber ◽  
Paul Drawz ◽  
John Bantle ◽  
Daniel Duprez ◽  
...  

Introduction: Observational studies have shown an inverse association between physical function and CVD mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) through unknown mechanisms. We have previously reported a significant exercise-induced reduction in resting blood pressure (BP) in 85 patients with stage 2-4 type 2 diabetes related CKD (DKD). The efficacy of exercise to reduce 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) and albumin-creatinine ratio (ACR) is unclear. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that 12wks of exercise would reduce 24-hr ABP and ACR in patients with stage 3-4 DKD and hypertension, compared to the control group. Methods: We randomly assigned 28 participants (21 male, age 62.9 yrs, BMI 34.8 kg/m2) with stage 3-4 DKD and hypertension (141(17)/75 (10) mmHg) to either 12-wks of moderate-intensity exercise training, 4x/wk for 45 minutes (n=15) or a usual medical care control group (n=13). The primary endpoint was change in 24-hr ABP at 12-wks. Results: There were no significant differences between groups in baseline demographic or medical variables. There were no changes in pharmacological variables at 12-week follow-up; group comparisons were analyzed by ANCOVA using baseline and exercise performed as covariates. Systolic BP levels and ACR were significantly reduced in the exercise-intervention group compared to the control group (Table 1). Reductions in diastolic BP levels were not significant between groups. Heart rate variables did not differ between groups. There was a strong inverse association between change in aerobic capacity and change in systolic and diastolic BP levels in the exercise group only (r=-.56, p=.039, and -.66, p=.011). Conclusion: This study suggests that exercise training imparts a favorable modulation of BP levels and ACR in patients with stage 3-4 DKD, potentially providing insight into the cardioprotective effect of exercise in this population.


2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Alterhaug Bjøntegaard ◽  
Signe Nilssen Stafne ◽  
Siv Mørkved ◽  
Kjell Åsmund Salvesen ◽  
Kari Anne I. Evensen

Abstract Background There are limited data on long-term outcomes of children whose mothers have followed exercise interventions during pregnancy. The aim of this paper was to investigate whether regular moderate intensity exercise during pregnancy affected the children’s body mass index (BMI) and physical activity (PA) at 7 years of age, and determine the relationship between children’s and mothers’ BMI and PA. Methods This was a follow-up of a multicentre randomised controlled trial, carried out at St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, and Stavanger University Hospital, Norway (2007–2009 and 2014–2016). Women were randomised to follow a 12-week structured exercise protocol or standard antenatal care during pregnancy. At the 7-year follow-up, parents reported their child’s height, weight, and PA. The mothers also reported their own weight and PA. Main outcome variables were BMI, frequency and duration of moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA), and intensity of PA. Results A total of 855 women were randomised to exercise (n = 429) or standard antenatal care (n = 426) during pregnancy. At follow-up, 164 (38.2%) children and mothers in the intervention group and 117 (27.5%) in the control group participated. We found no group differences in the children’s iso-BMI or PA. Findings were similar when we performed stratified analyses by sex, except boys in the control group spent more time on electrical devices than boys in the intervention group. Subgroup analyses of children of mothers who adhered to the exercise protocol and sensitivity analyses excluding children born preterm, children admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit, and children with diseases or health problems at the 7-year follow-up, did not change the results. Children’s BMI, weekly leisure time MVPA and intensity of PA correlated with mothers’ BMI, daily exercise, and intensity of exercise. Conclusions Regular moderate intensity exercise during pregnancy did not affect BMI or PA of the children at 7 years. Good maternal health should be encouraged as it may influence the health of the next generation. Trial registration The initial RCT study was registered in ClinicalTrials.govNCT00476567.


2015 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Giallauria ◽  
Marco Gentile ◽  
Paolo Chiodini ◽  
Franco Berrino ◽  
Amalia Mattiello ◽  
...  

Purpose: To determine whether exercise training might exert anti-inflammatory effect by reducing HMGB1 levels in women with breast cancer (BC). Methods: We analyzed monocentric data from the DIANA (DIET AND ANDROGENS)-5 PROJECT. Study population consisted of 94 patients randomized into two groups: 61 patients (53±8 yrs, training group) were assigned to a structured exercise training intervention (3 times/week for the first 3 months, and once /week for the following 9 months); whereas 33 patients (52±7 yrs, control group) followed only the general indications to adhere to the life-style intervention suggestions of the DIANA protocol. At study entry and after 12 months, all patients underwent cardiopulmonary exercise testing, biochemical assessment [HMGB1, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs- CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6)]; and lipid and glycemic profile. Results: There were no significant differences between groups in baseline clinical and inflammatory profile. Among the training group, only 19/61 patients had high adherence to the exercise intervention. After stratifying the study population according to the level of adhesion to the exercise intervention, 1-year HMGB1 levels were lower among patients more adherent to exercise (p for trend=0.001). Further adjusting for age, body mass index and baseline values, 1-year HMGB1 levels remained significantly and inversely associated to the level of adhesion to the exercise intervention (B=-0.97, SE=0.43, p=0.01). Conclusions: Moderate intensity exercise training in BC survivors is associated with reduced HMGB1 levels that are proportional to the level of adhesion to the exercise intervention, independently from other classical inflammatory molecules, suggesting an exercise-induced anti-inflammatory effect mediated by HMGB1.


2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Breanna Wisseman ◽  
Christian Jones ◽  
Nia Golembe ◽  
Edward Newton ◽  
Christy Isler ◽  
...  

Background. The COVID-19 pandemic led to decreased physical activity, as well as increased stress, especially for pregnant women. Exercise is effective for decreasing stress and improving overall maternal and infant health. To date, research has not determined whether an at-home exercise program during pregnancy elicits similar results to in-person exercise. Objective. To examine the effect of in-person vs at-home moderate-intensity exercise training during pregnancy on maternal cardiovascular and birth outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods. Pregnant women were recruited between 13-16 weeks’ gestation and randomized to either an exercise or control group. No control subjects were included in this analysis; exercisers were asked to complete at least 50-minutes of moderate-intensity activity 3 times each week either in-person (n=20) or at-home (n-17). Both groups were provided individualized exercise prescriptions including a 5-minute warm-up, 50-minutes of exercise related to group allocation, and a cool-down period. Maternal resting heart rate and blood pressure (BP) were recorded at 16- and 36-weeks' gestation. Gestational weight gain and birth outcomes were obtained via electronic health record at delivery. Results. From enrollment to late pregnancy, at-home exercisers have significant increases in systolic and diastolic BP (SBP and DBP, p<0.001 and 0.0003, respectively) whereas the in-person group did not (p=0.30 and 0.78, respectively). In-person exercisers had lower SBP and DBP in late pregnancy (p=0.04 and 0.01, respectively) relative to at-home exercisers. At-home exercise was correlated with higher late pregnancy SBP (r=-0.34, p=0.04), DBP (r=-0.42,p=0.01), and SBP change (r=-0.496, p=0.002). Group allocation was a predictor for late pregnancy DBP (p=0.007) and SBP change (0.036). There were no differences in infant birth outcomes. Conclusion. Supervised in-person exercise training with the proper precautions has similar birth outcomes and may be more beneficial for maternal cardiovascular health relative to at-home training.


2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (12) ◽  
pp. 949-953
Author(s):  
Marcia Alves ◽  
Danilo Roman-Campos ◽  
Amanda Parreira ◽  
Pedro Almeida ◽  
Jader Cruz ◽  
...  

AbstractWe investigated the effects of palmitate, a high saturated fat, on Ca2+, action potential and reactive oxygen species dynamics in cardiomyocytes from untrained and trained mice. Male mice were subjected to moderate intensity exercise training on a treadmill. Cardiomyocytes of untrained and trained mice were isolated, treated for 30 min with palmitate and intracellular calcium transient and action potential duration were recorded. Additionally, we assessed reactive oxygen species generation. Treatment of cardiomyocytes from untrained mice with palmitate induced a significant decrease in Ca2+ transient magnitude by 34%. Exercise training did not change cardiomyocyte Ca2+ dynamics in the control group. However, trained cardiomyocytes were protected from deleterious effects of palmitate. Action potential duration was not altered by palmitate in either untrained or trained cardiomyocytes. Moreover, palmitate treatment increased reactive oxygen species generation in both untrained and trained cardiomyocytes. Nevertheless, the levels of reactive oxygen species in trained cardiomyocytes treated with palmitate were still 27% lower than those seen at basal conditions in untrained cardiomyocytes. Taken together, these findings indicate that exercise training protects cardiomyocytes from deleterious effects of palmitate possibly by inhibiting exacerbated ROS production.


Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 3051 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shengyan Sun ◽  
Zhaowei Kong ◽  
Qingde Shi ◽  
Mingzhu Hu ◽  
Haifeng Zhang ◽  
...  

This study aimed to examine the effects of four weeks of a low-carbohydrate diet (LC) and incorporated exercise training on body composition and cardiometabolic health. Fifty-eight overweight/obese Chinese females (age: 21.2 ± 3.3 years, body mass index (BMI): 25.1 ± 2.8 kg/m2) were randomly assigned to the control group (CON, n = 15), the LC control group (LC-CON, n = 15), the LC and high-intensity interval training group (LC-HIIT, n = 15), or the LC and moderate-intensity continuous training group (LC-MICT, n = 13). Subjects consumed a four week LC, whereas LC-HIIT and LC-MICT received extra training 5 d/week (LC-HIIT: 10 × 6 s cycling interspersed with 9 s rest, MICT: 30 min continuous cycling at 50–60% VO2peak). After intervention, the three LC groups demonstrated significant reductions in body weight (−2.85 kg in LC-CON, −2.85 kg in LC-HIIT, −2.56 kg in LC-MICT, p < 0.001, η2 = 0.510), BMI (p < 0.001, η2 = 0.504) and waist-to-hip ratio (p < 0.001, η2 = 0.523). Groups with extra training (i.e., LC-HIIT and LC-MICT) improved VO2peak by 14.8 and 17.3%, respectively. However, fasting glucose and blood lipid levels remained unchanged in all groups. Short-term LC is a useful approach to improve body composition in overweight/obese Chinese females. Incorporated exercise training has no additional effects on weight loss, but has additional benefits on cardiorespiratory fitness, and HIIT is more time efficient than the traditional MICT (2.5 min vs. 30 min).


ISRN AIDS ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wesley David Dudgeon ◽  
Jason Reed Jaggers ◽  
Kenneth Doyle Phillips ◽  
John Larry Durstine ◽  
Stephanie E. Burgess ◽  
...  

HIV/AIDS and its treatment often alter body composition and result in poorer physical functioning. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of a moderate-intensity exercise program on body composition and the hormones and cytokines associated with adverse health outcomes. HIV-infected males (N=111) were randomized to an exercise group (EX) who completed 6 weeks of moderate-intensity exercise training, or to a nonintervention control group (CON). In pre- and postintervention, body composition was estimated via DXA, peak strength was assessed, and resting blood samples were obtained. There was a decrease in salivary cortisol at wake (P=0.025) in the EX and a trend (P=0.07) for a decrease 1 hour after waking. The EX had a significant increase in lean tissue mass (LTM) (P<0.001) following the intervention. Those in the EX below median body fat (20%) increased LTM (P=0.014) only, while those above 20% decreased fat mass (P=0.02), total fat (N=0.009), and trunk fat (P=0.001), while also increasing LTM (P=0.027). Peak strength increased between 14% and 28% on all exercises in the EX group. These data indicate that 6 weeks of moderate-intensity exercise training can decrease salivary cortisol levels, improve physical performance, and improve body composition in HIV-infected men.


Author(s):  
Brittany Rose Allman ◽  
Beverly J. Spray ◽  
Kelly E. Mercer ◽  
Aline Andres ◽  
Elisabet Børsheim

Despite the role of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) in physiological processes such as nutrient signaling and protein synthesis, there is ongoing debate about the link between circulating BCAAs and insulin resistance (IR) in various populations. In healthy women, IR mildly increases during pregnancy, while both BCAAs and markers of BCAA catabolism decrease, indicating that fetal growth is being prioritized. Exercise reduces IR in non-pregnant adults, but less is known about the effect of exercise during pregnancy in women with obesity on IR and BCAA breakdown. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of a moderate intensity exercise intervention during pregnancy on maternal circulating BCAAs and markers of BCAA catabolism (short-chain acylcarnitines (ACs)), and their associations with IR. Healthy obese (n=80, mean±SD; BMI: 36.9±5.7 kg/m2) pregnant women were randomized into an exercise (n=40, aerobic/resistance 3x/week, ~13 weeks until birth) or a non-exercise control (n=40) group. Blood was collected at 12.2±0.5 and 36.0±0.4 gestation weeks and analyzed for BCAA-derived acylcarnitine concentrations as markers of BCAA breakdown toward oxidative pathways, and glucose and insulin concentrations [updated homeostatic model assessment of IR (HOMA2-IR)]. After adjusting for HOMA2-IR, there were no interaction effects of group by time. In addition, there was a main positive effect of time on HOMA2-IR (12 weeks: 2.3±0.2, 36 weeks: 3.0±0.2, P=0.003). A moderate intensity exercise intervention during pregnancy in women with obesity was not associated with changes in BCAA-derived ACs vs. standard of care. The decrease in BCAA-derived ACs throughout gestation could not be explained by IR.


2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (08) ◽  
pp. 1940055
Author(s):  
LIN YANG ◽  
QI LUO ◽  
YANG LU ◽  
SONG ZHANG ◽  
YIMIN YANG ◽  
...  

In recent years, pregnant women in China generally face problems such as unbalanced and excessive nutrition, lack of proper exercise during pregnancy, which shows a significant increase in weight during pregnancy, leading to an increasing trend of perinatal complications. At present, there is less sports health management system for pregnant women throughout pregnancy. In view of this, based on the existing research in related fields, this study deeply explores the appropriate monitoring methods of pregnant women’s sports in China. In this study, effective and convenient testing methods and evaluation criteria were proposed for pregnant women’s sports and psychology. The research idea was a method based on the pulse wave to detect pregnant women’s cardiac reserve capacity, and grading the Diastolic/Systolic value of pregnant women as a reference for grading individualized target heart rate range of moderate intensity exercise. The effective time and energy expenditure of pregnant women were assessed by monitoring the exercise process. The purpose is to help and guide pregnant women in the whole process of pregnancy self-movement management, and thus improve the quality of maternal health care services in China.


2007 ◽  
Vol 125 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio Battaglini ◽  
Martim Bottaro ◽  
Carolyn Dennehy ◽  
Logan Rae ◽  
Edgar Shields ◽  
...  

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Changes in metabolism have been reported in the majority of patients undergoing cancer treatment, and these are usually characterized by progressive change in body composition. The effects of aerobic exercise programs to combat the cancer and cancer treatment-related side effects, which include the negative changes in body composition, have been extensively reported in the literature. However, few resistance exercise intervention studies have hypothesized that breast cancer patients might benefit from this type of exercise. The purpose of this study was to determine whether exercise protocols that emphasize resistance training would change body composition and strength in breast cancer patients undergoing treatment. DESIGN AND SETTING: Randomized controlled trial, at the Campus Recreation Center and Rocky Mountain Cancer Rehabilitation Institute of the University of Northern Colorado, and the North Colorado Medical Center. METHODS: Twenty inactive breast cancer patients were randomly assigned to a 21-week exercise group (n = 10) or a control group (n = 10). The exercise group trained at low to moderate intensity for 60 minutes on two days/week. The primary outcome measurements included body composition (skinfold method) and muscle strength (one repetition maximum). RESULTS: Significant differences in lean body mass, body fat and strength (p = 0.004, p = 0.004, p = 0.025, respectively) were observed between the groups at the end of the study. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that exercise emphasizing resistance training promotes positive changes in body composition and strength in breast cancer patients undergoing treatment.


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