scholarly journals Economy and rate of carbohydrate oxidation during running with rearfoot and forefoot strike patterns

2013 ◽  
Vol 115 (2) ◽  
pp. 194-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allison H. Gruber ◽  
Brian R. Umberger ◽  
Barry Braun ◽  
Joseph Hamill
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Total Energy Expenditure ◽  
Extensive Study ◽  
Running Economy ◽  
Fast Speed ◽  
Mixed Model Anova ◽  
Main Effect

It continues to be argued that a forefoot (FF) strike pattern during running is more economical than a rearfoot (RF) pattern; however, previous studies using one habitual footstrike group have found no difference in running economy between footstrike patterns. We aimed to conduct a more extensive study by including both habitual RF and FF runners. The purposes of this study were to determine whether there were differences in running economy between these groups and whether running economy would change when they ran with the alternative footstrike pattern. Nineteen habitual RF and 18 habitual FF runners performed the RF and FF patterns on a treadmill at 3.0, 3.5, and 4.0 m/s. Steady-state rates of oxygen consumption (V̇o2, ml·kg−1·min−1) and carbohydrate contribution to total energy expenditure (%CHO) were determined by indirect calorimetry for each footstrike pattern and speed condition. A mixed-model ANOVA was used to assess the differences in each variable between groups and footstrike patterns (α = 0.05). No differences in V̇o2 or %CHO were detected between groups when running with their habitual footstrike pattern. The RF pattern resulted in lower V̇o2 and %CHO compared with the FF pattern at the slow and medium speeds in the RF group ( P < 0.05) but not in the FF group ( P > 0.05). At the fast speed, a significant footstrike pattern main effect indicated that V̇o2 was greater with the FF pattern than with the RF pattern ( P < 0.05), but %CHO was not different ( P > 0.05). The results suggest that the FF pattern is not more economical than the RF pattern.

Evaluation of the SenseWear Mini Armband to Assess Energy Expenditure During Pole Walking

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 565-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianluca Vernillo ◽  
Aldo Savoldelli ◽  
Barbara Pellegrini ◽  
Federico Schena
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Indirect Calorimetry ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Total Energy Expenditure ◽  
Motion Sensor ◽  
Sensewear Armband ◽  
Mixed Model Anova ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
Pole Walking

The current study aimed to show the validity of a portable motion sensor, the SenseWear Armband (SWA), for the estimation of energy expenditure during pole walking. Twenty healthy adults (mean ± SD: age 30.1 ± 7.2 year, body mass 66.1 ± 10.6 kg, height 172.4 ± 8.0 cm, BMI 22.1 ± 2.4 kg·m−2) wore the armband during randomized pole walking activities at a constant speed (1.25 m·s−1) and at seven grades (0%, ±5%, ±15% and ±25%). Estimates of total energy expenditure from the armband were compared with values derived from indirect calorimetry methodology (IC) using a 2–way mixed model ANOVA (Device × Slope), correlation analyses and Bland-Altman plots. Results revealed significant main effects for device, and slope (p < .025) as well as a significant interaction (p < .001). Significant differences between IC and SWA were observed for all conditions (p < .05). SWA generally underestimate the EE values during uphill PW by 0.04 kcal·kg−1·min−1 (p < .05). Whereas, a significant overestimation has been detected during flat and downhill PW by 0.01 and 0.03 kcal·kg−1·min−1 (p < .05), respectively. The Bland-Altman plots revealed bias of the armband compared with the indirect calorimetry at any condition examined. The present data suggest that the armband is not accurate to correctly detect and estimate the energy expenditure during pole walking activities. Therefore, the observed over- and under-estimations warrants more work to improve the ability of SWA to accurately measure EE for these activities.

Evaluation of oxygen consumption and energy expenditure after cardiac surgery in non-steady-state condition

2012 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-51
Author(s):  
Danilo Radrizzani ◽  
Riccardo Giudici ◽  
Barbara DeToffol ◽  
Simone Fracassi ◽  
Matteo Lucchelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Surgery ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
State Condition ◽  
Steady State Condition

Effect of intensity and energy expenditure on postexercise insulin responses in women

1995 ◽  
Vol 79 (6) ◽  
pp. 2029-2034 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Ben-Ezra ◽  
C. Jankowski ◽  
K. Kendrick ◽  
D. Nichols
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Insulin Level ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Total Energy Expenditure ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Similar Area ◽  
Insulin Responses

The purposes of the study were to compare insulin responses after rest and exercise of two different intensities and equal total energy expenditure and to examine these responses in normoglycemic women. Twenty-four untrained women (age 23.4 +/- 0.9 yr) completed three randomly assigned treatments over the course of a 3- to 4-wk period: rest, 40% maximal oxygen consumption x 87 min (Low), and 70% maximal oxygen consumption x 50 min (High). Total energy expenditure was 1,821 +/- 61 and 1,692 +/- 59 kJ, heart rate was 119 +/- 2 and 163 +/- 2 beats/min, and oxygen consumption was 17.1 and 27.2 ml.kg-1.min-1 for Low and High, respectively. Fifteen to 17 h posttreatment and 12 h postprandial, each subject drank a 75-g glucose solution (oral glucose tolerance test). Blood samples were drawn before and at 30, 60, 90, 120, and 150 min after ingestion and were analyzed for glucose and insulin. Glucose areas and responses at the same time points across treatments were similar. Area under the insulin curve was significantly lower (P < 0.05) after High (51,864 +/- 3,780 pM x min) compared with rest (61,009 +/- 4,425 pM x min), but Low (59,191 +/- 5,307 pM x min) was not different from either rest or High. The insulin level at the 120-min time point was significantly (P < 0.01) lower after High (290.8 pM) compared with rest (391.7 pM). On the basis of these results, exercise-related changes in insulin responses are more dependent on exercise intensity than on energy expenditure in untrained women.

scholarly journals Estimation of Metabolic Energy Expenditure during Short Walking Bouts

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilse Johanna Blokland ◽  
Jos J. de Koning ◽  
Thomas van Kan ◽  
Coen A. M. van Bennekom ◽  
Jaap H. van Dieen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Metabolic Energy ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Test Retest Reliability ◽  
Metabolic Energy Expenditure

AbstractAssessment of metabolic energy expenditure from indirect calorimetry is currently limited to sustained (>4 min) cyclic activities, because of steady-state requirements. This is problematic for patient populations who are unable to perform such sustained activities. Therefore, this study explores validity and reliability of a method estimating metabolic energy expenditure based on oxygen consumption (V̇O2) during short walking bouts. Twelve able-bodied adults twice performed six treadmill walking trials (1, 2 and 6 min at 4 and 5 km/h), while V̇O2 was measured. Total V̇O2 was calculated by integrating net V̇O2 over walking and recovery. Concurrent validity with steady-state V̇O2 was assessed with Pearson’s correlations. Test-retest reliability was assessed using intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC) and Bland-Altman analyses. Total V̇O2 was strongly correlated with steady-state V̇O2 (r=0.91–0.99), but consistently higher. Test-retest reliability of total V̇O2 (ICC=0.65–0.92) was lower than or comparable to steady-state V̇O2 (ICC=0.83–0.92), with lower reliability for shorter trials. Total V̇O2 discriminated between gait speeds. Total oxygen uptake provides a useful measure to estimate metabolic load of short activities from oxygen consumption. Although estimates are less reliable than steady-state measurements, they can provide insight in the yet unknown metabolic demands of daily activities for patient populations unable to perform sustained activities.

Validity of the SenseWear Armband to Assess Energy Expenditure in Graded Walking

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 178-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianluca Vernillo ◽  
Aldo Savoldelli ◽  
Barbara Pellegrini ◽  
Federico Schena
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Indirect Calorimetry ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Sensewear Armband ◽  
Mixed Model Anova ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Advance Research ◽  
Downhill Walking ◽  
Main Effects

Background:Accurate assessments of physical activity and energy expenditure (EE) are needed to advance research on positive and negative graded walking.Purpose:To evaluate the validity of 2 SenseWear Armband monitors (Pro3 and the recently released Mini) during graded walking.Methods:Twenty healthy adults wore both monitors during randomized walking activities on a motorized treadmill at 7 grades (0%, ±5%, ±15%, and ±25%). Estimates of total EE from the monitors were computed using different algorithms and compared with values derived from indirect calorimetry methodology using a 2-way mixed model ANOVA (Device × Condition), correlation analyses and Bland-Altman plots.Results:There was no significant difference in EE between the 2 armbands in any of the conditions examined. Significant main effects for device and condition, as well as a consistent bias, were observed during positive and negative graded walking with a greater over- and under-estimation at higher slope.Conclusions:Both the armbands produced similar EE values and seem to be not accurate in estimation of EE during activities involving uphill and downhill walking. Additional work is needed to understand factors contributing to this discrepancy and to improve the ability of these monitors to accurately measure EE during graded walking.

Gastrocnemius Stretching Program: More Effective in Increasing Ankle/Rear-Foot Dorsiflexion When Subtalar Joint Positioned in Pronation Than in Supination

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie A. Johanson ◽  
Megan Armstrong ◽  
Chris Hopkins ◽  
Meghan L. Keen ◽  
Michael Robinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Subtalar Joint ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Cumulative Trauma ◽  
Mixed Model Anova ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Before And After ◽  
History Of ◽  
Analysis System

Context:Stretching exercises are commonly prescribed for patients and healthy individuals with limited extensibility of the gastrocnemius muscle.Objective:To determine if individuals demonstrate more dorsiflexion at the ankle/rear foot and less at the midfoot after a gastrocnemius-stretching program with the subtalar joint (STJ) positioned in supination compared with pronation.Design:Randomized controlled trial.Setting:Biomechanical laboratory.Participants:22 volunteers with current or recent history of lower-extremity cumulative trauma and gastrocnemius tightness (10 women and 4 men, mean age 28 y) randomly assigned to stretching groups with the STJ positioned in either pronation (n = 11) or supination (n = 11).Intervention:3-wk home gastrocnemius-stretching program using a template to place the subtalar joint in either a pronated or a supinated position.Main Outcome Measures:A 7-camera Vicon motion-analysis system measured ankle/rear-foot dorsiflexion and midfoot dorsiflexion of all participants during stretching with the STJ positioned in both pronation and supination before and after the 3-wk gastrocnemius-stretching program.Results:A 2-way mixed-model ANOVA revealed a significant interaction (P = .019). At posttest, the group who performed the 3-week stretching program with the STJ positioned in pronation demonstrated more increased ankle/rear-foot dorsiflexion when measured with the STJ in pronation than the group who performed the 3-wk stretching program with the STJ positioned in supination. No significant main effect of stretching group or interaction for dorsiflexion at the midfoot was detected (P = .755 and P = .820, respectively).Conclusion:After a 3-wk gastrocnemius-stretching program, when measuring dorsiflexion with the STJ positioned in supination, the participants who completed a 3-wk gastrocnemius stretching program with the STJ positioned in pronation showed more increased dorsiflexion at the ankle/rear foot than participants who completed the stretching program with the STJ positioned in supination.

Enhancing learning through optimal sequencing of web-based and manikin simulators to teach shock physiology in the medical curriculum

2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 402-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan C. Cendan ◽  
Teresa R. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Model ◽  
Medical Curriculum ◽  
Similar Efficacy ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Time Interaction ◽  
Mixed Model Anova ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Improved Learning ◽  
Group 1

The Association of American Medical Colleges has encouraged educators to investigate proper linkage of simulation experiences with medical curricula. The authors aimed to determine if student knowledge and satisfaction differ between participation in web-based and manikin simulations for learning shock physiology and treatment and to determine if a specific training sequencing had a differential effect on learning. All 40 second-year medical students participated in a randomized, counterbalanced study with two interventions: group 1 ( n = 20) participated in a web-based simulation followed by a manikin simulation and group 2 ( n = 20) participated in reverse order. Knowledge and attitudes were documented. Mixed-model ANOVA indicated a significant main effect of time ( F1,38 = 18.6, P < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.33). Group 1 scored significantly higher on quiz 2 (81.5%) than on quiz 1 (74.3%, t19 = 3.9, P = 0.001), for an observed difference of 7.2% (95% confidence interval: 3.3, 11.0). Mean quiz scores of group 2 did not differ significantly ( quiz 1: 77.0% and quiz 2: 79.7%). There was no significant main effect of group or a group by time interaction effect. Students rated the simulations as equally effective in teaching shock physiology ( P = 0.88); however, the manikin simulation was regarded as more effective in teaching shock treatment ( P < 0.001). Most students (73.7%) preferred the manikin simulation. The two simulations may be of similar efficacy for educating students on the physiology of shock; however, the data suggest improved learning when web-based simulation precedes manikin use. This finding warrants further study.

scholarly journals Energy Expenditure for 70 Activities in Children and Adolescents

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (s1) ◽  
pp. S24-S28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffer Eidi Sasaki ◽  
Cheryl A. Howe ◽  
Dinesh John ◽  
Amanda Hickey ◽  
Jeremy Steeves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Energy Cost ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Metabolic System ◽  
Energy Expenditures ◽  
Consumption Data

Background:Thirty-five percent of the activities assigned MET values in the Compendium of Energy Expenditures for Youth were obtained from direct measurement of energy expenditure (EE). The aim of this study was to provide directly measured EE for several different activities in youth.Methods:Resting metabolic rate (RMR) of 178 youths (80 females, 98 males) was first measured. Participants then performed structured activity bouts while wearing a portable metabolic system to directly measure EE. Steady-state oxygen consumption data were used to compute activity METstandard (activity VO2/3.5) and METmeasured (activity VO2/measured RMR) for the different activities.Results:Rates of EE were measured for 70 different activities and ranged from 1.9 to 12.0 METstandard and 1.5 to 10.0 METmeasured.Conclusion:This study provides directly measured energy cost values for 70 activities in children and adolescents. It contributes empirical data to support the expansion of the Compendium of Energy Expenditures for Youth.

scholarly journals Acute Behavior of Oxygen Consumption, Lactate Concentrations, and Energy Expenditure During Resistance Training: Comparisons Among Three Intensities

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo A. João ◽  
Gustavo P. L. Almeida ◽  
Lucas D. Tavares ◽  
Carlos Augusto Kalva-Filho ◽  
Nelson Carvas Junior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
Total Energy Expenditure ◽  
Weight Lifting ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic

Purpose: This study aimed to compare the oxygen consumption, lactate concentrations, and energy expenditure using three different intensities during the resistance training sessions.Methods: A total of 15 men (22.9 ± 2.61 years) experienced in resistance training underwent 3 sessions composed of 8 exercises (chest press, pec deck, squat, lat pull-down, biceps curl, triceps extension, hamstring curl, and crunch machine), which were applied in the same order. The weight lifted differed among the sessions [high session: 6 sets of 5 repetitions at 90% of 1-repetition maximum (1-RM); intermediary session: 3 sets of 10 repetitions at 75% of 1-RM; and low session: 2 sets of 15 repetitions at 60% of 1-RM]. The oxygen consumption (VO2)—during and after (excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC)) the session, blood lactate concentration, and energy expenditure (i.e., the sum of aerobic and anaerobic contributions, respectively) were assessed.Results: The VO2 significantly decreased in the function of the weight lifting (F(2.28) = 17.02; p &lt; 0.01; ηG2 = 0.32). However, the aerobic contributions significantly increase in the function of the weight lifting (F(2.28) = 79.18; p &lt; 0.01; ηG2 = 0.75). The anaerobic contributions were not different among the sessions (p &gt; 0.05; ηG2 &lt; 0.01). Thus, the total energy expenditure during the session (kcal) significantly increased in the function of the weight lifting (F(2.28) = 86.68; p &lt; 0.01; ηG2 = 0.75). The energy expenditure expressed in time unit (kcal·min−1) was higher in low session than in high session (F(2.28) = 6.20; p &lt; 0.01; ηG2 = 0.15).Conclusion: The weight lifted during resistance training-induced different physiological responses, which induced higher energy expenditure per unit of time during the low session.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document