scholarly journals Energy Expenditure for 70 Activities in Children and Adolescents

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (s1) ◽  
pp. S24-S28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffer Eidi Sasaki ◽  
Cheryl A. Howe ◽  
Dinesh John ◽  
Amanda Hickey ◽  
Jeremy Steeves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Energy Cost ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Metabolic System ◽  
Energy Expenditures ◽  
Consumption Data

Background:Thirty-five percent of the activities assigned MET values in the Compendium of Energy Expenditures for Youth were obtained from direct measurement of energy expenditure (EE). The aim of this study was to provide directly measured EE for several different activities in youth.Methods:Resting metabolic rate (RMR) of 178 youths (80 females, 98 males) was first measured. Participants then performed structured activity bouts while wearing a portable metabolic system to directly measure EE. Steady-state oxygen consumption data were used to compute activity METstandard (activity VO2/3.5) and METmeasured (activity VO2/measured RMR) for the different activities.Results:Rates of EE were measured for 70 different activities and ranged from 1.9 to 12.0 METstandard and 1.5 to 10.0 METmeasured.Conclusion:This study provides directly measured energy cost values for 70 activities in children and adolescents. It contributes empirical data to support the expansion of the Compendium of Energy Expenditures for Youth.

scholarly journals Energy Cost of Children’s Structured and Unstructured Games

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (s1) ◽  
pp. S44-S47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly A. Clevenger ◽  
Aubrey J. Aubrey ◽  
Rebecca W. Moore ◽  
Karissa L. Peyer ◽  
Darijan Suton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Energy Cost ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Expenditure Data ◽  
Specific Equation ◽  
Metabolic Unit ◽  
Selection Of

Background:Limited data are available on energy cost of common children’s games using measured oxygen consumption.Methods:Children (10.6 ± 2.9 years; N = 37; 26 male, 9 female) performed a selection of structured (bowling, juggling, obstacle course, relays, active kickball) and unstructured (basketball, catch, tennis, clothespin tag, soccer) activities for 5 to 30 minutes. Resting metabolic rate (RMR) was calculated using Schofield’s age- and sex-specific equation. Children wore a portable metabolic unit, which measured expired gases to obtain oxygen consumption (VO2), youth METs (relative VO2/child’s calculated RMR), and activity energy expenditure (kcal/kg/min). Descriptive statistics were used to summarize data.Results:Relative VO2 ranged from 16.8 ± 4.6 ml/kg/min (bowling) to 32.2 ± 6.8 ml/kg/min (obstacle course). Obstacle course, relays, active kickball, soccer, and clothespin tag elicited vigorous intensity (>6 METs), the remainder elicited moderate intensity (3–6 METs).Conclusions:This article contributes energy expenditure data for the update and expansion of the youth compendium.

Energy metabolism in college girls

1961 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 164-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sachchidananda Banerjee ◽  
Anita Barua ◽  
Arati Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Energy Cost ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Bicycle Ergometer ◽  
Household Work ◽  
Energy Expenditures ◽  
Daily Energy ◽  
Total Daily Energy Expenditure ◽  
Work Done

Energy expenditures during different activities of 24 college girls were determined by measurement of oxygen consumption. The energy cost of various activities expressed as Calories per square meter of body surface per hour was as follows: basal metabolic rate (BMR), 28.75 α 0.47; lying at rest, 30.95 α 0.60; sitting at rest, 36.03 α 0.66; sitting at study, 34.59 α 0.63; sitting at household work, 80.71 α 3.50; standing at laboratory work, 48.71 α 2.70; walking, 110.27 α 2.70; ascending stairs, 137.83 α 4.60; and descending stairs, 90.39 α 3.25. The average total daily energy expenditure of the subjects, determined for a period of 7 days, was 1503 Cal. and the average daily intake was 1507 Cal. Energy expenditure during standardized work on the bicycle ergometer was determined in six college girls by measurement of oxygen consumption. The energy cost of work done equivalent to 150 kpm/min. was found lowest when the work was performed in the basal state, highest 1 hour after a heavy meal, and intermediate 4 hours after the meal. The results indicated that performance of work was more efficient on an empty stomach than when it was full. Submitted on September 19, 1960

Postexercise Energy Expenditure in Response to Acute Aerobic or Resistive Exercise

1994 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 347-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia A. Gillette ◽  
Richard C. Bullough ◽  
Christopher L. Melby
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Energy Cost ◽  
Respiratory Exchange Ratio ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Resistive Exercise ◽  
Condition C ◽  
Excess Postexercise Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Male Subjects ◽  
Quiet Sitting

Postexercise energy metabolism was examined in male subjects age 22-35 years in response to three different treatments: a strenuous bout of resistive exercise (REx), a bout of stationary cycling (AEx) at 50% peak, and a control condition (C) of quiet sitting. Resting metabolic rate (RMR) was measured the morning of and the morning following each condition. Recovery oxygen consumption (RcO2) was measured for 5 hr following each treatment. Total 5-hrwas higher for the REx treatment relative to both AEx and C, with the largest treatment differences occurring early during recovery. There were no large treatment differences in postexercise respiratory exchange ratio values, except for the first hour of recovery following REx. RMR measured 14.5 hr postexercise for the REx condition was significantly elevated compared to C. These results suggest that strenuous resistive exercise results in a greater excess postexercise oxygen consumption compared to steady-state endurance exercise of similar estimated energy cost.

scholarly journals Energy Cost of Common Activities in Children and Adolescents

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate Lyden ◽  
Sarah Kozey Keadle ◽  
John Staudenmayer ◽  
Patty Freedson ◽  
Sofiya Alhassan
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Energy Cost ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Energy Expenditures ◽  
Board Games ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Specific Activities ◽  
Derived Data

Background:The Compendium of Energy Expenditures for Youth assigns MET values to a wide range of activities. However, only 35% of activity MET values were derived from energy cost data measured in youth; the remaining activities were estimated from adult values.Purpose:To determine the energy cost of common activities performed by children and adolescents and compare these data to similar activities reported in the compendium.Methods:Thirty-two children (8−11 years old) and 28 adolescents (12−16 years) completed 4 locomotion activities on a treadmill (TRD) and 5 age-specific activities of daily living (ADL). Oxygen consumption was measured using a portable metabolic analyzer.Results:In children, measured METs were significantly lower than compendium METs for 3 activities [basketball, bike riding, and Wii tennis (1.1−3.5 METs lower)]. In adolescents, measured METs were significantly lower than compendium METs for 4 ADLs [basketball, bike riding, board games, and Wii tennis (0.3−2.5 METs lower)] and 3 TRDs [2.24 m·s-1, 1.56 m·s-1, and 1.34 m·s-1 (0.4−0.8 METs lower)].Conclusion:The Compendium of Energy Expenditures for Youth is an invaluable resource to applied researchers. Inclusion of empirically derived data would improve the validity of the Compendium of Energy Expenditures for Youth.

Energy Expenditure of Level Overground Walking in Young Adults: Comparison With Prediction Equations

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Jingjing Xue ◽  
Shuo Li ◽  
Rou Wen ◽  
Ping Hong
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Energy Cost ◽  
Sports Medicine ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Prediction Equations ◽  
Overground Walking ◽  
All Speeds ◽  
Walking Energy Cost

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the accuracy of the published prediction equations for determining level overground walking energy cost in young adults. Methods: In total, 148 healthy young adults volunteered to participate in this study. Resting metabolic rate and energy expenditure variables at speeds of 4, 5, and 6 km/h were measured by indirect calorimetry, walking energy expenditure was estimated by 3 published equations. Results: The gross and net metabolic rate per mile of level overground walking increased with increased speed (all P < .01). Females were less economical than males. The present findings revealed that the American College of Sports Medicine and Pandolf et al equations significantly underestimated the energy cost of overground walking at all speeds (all P < .01) in young adults. The percentage mean bias for American College of Sports Medicine, Pandolf et al, and Weyand et al was 12.4%, 16.8%, 1.4% (4 km/h); 21.6%, 15.8%, 7.1% (5 km/h); and 27.6%, 12%, 6.6% (6 km/h). Bland–Altman plots and prediction error analysis showed that the Weyand et al was the most accurate in 3 existing equations. Conclusions: The Weyand et al equation appears to be the most suitable for the prediction of overground walking energy expenditure in young adults.

Measurement of ‘Basal’ and Total Metabolism in Hereditarily Obese-Hyperglycemic Mice

1958 ◽  
Vol 193 (3) ◽  
pp. 495-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth McClintock ◽  
Nathan Lifson
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Voluntary Movement ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Production ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Energy Output ◽  
Obese Mice ◽  
Energy Expenditures ◽  
Isotope Method

Measurements of oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production were made by the Haldane open circuit method on hereditarily obese mice and littermate controls, and the energy expenditures were estimated. Studies were made on mice for short periods under ‘basal’ conditions, and for periods of approximately a day with the mice fasted and confined, fasted and relatively unconfined, and fed and unconfined. The total energy expenditures of fed and unconfined obese mice were found to be higher than those of nonobese littermate controls by virtue of a) increased ‘basal metabolism’, b) greater energy expenditure associated with feeding, and possibly c) larger energy output for activity despite reduced voluntary movement. The values obtained for total metabolism confirm those previously determined by an isotope method for measuring CO2 output.

scholarly journals WHICH IS THE BEST WAY TO PERFORM THE PHYSIOLOGICAL COST INDEX IN ACTIVE INDIVIDUALS WITH UNILATERAL TRANS-TIBIAL AMPUTATION?

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Brunelli ◽  
Andrea Sancesario ◽  
Marco Iosa ◽  
Anna Sofia Delussu ◽  
Noemi Gentileschi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Energy Cost ◽  
Limb Amputation ◽  
Alternative Measure ◽  
Cost Index ◽  
Physiological Cost ◽  
Fitness Training ◽  
Energy Cost Of Walking

BACKGROUND: Physiological Cost Index (PCI) is a simple method used to estimate energy expenditure during walking. It is based on a ratio between heart rate and self-selected walking speed. Previous studies reported that PCI is reliable in individuals with lower limb amputation but only if there is an important walking impairment. No previous studies have investigated the correlation of PCI with the Energy Cost Walking (ECW) in active individuals with traumatic unilateral trans-tibial amputation, considering that this particular category of amputees has an ECW quite similar to healthy individual without lower limb amputation. Moreover, it is important to determine if PCI is also correlated to ECW in the treadmill test so as to have an alternative to over-ground test. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between PCI and ECW in active individuals with traumatic trans-tibial amputation in different walking conditions. The secondary aim was to evaluate if this correlation permits to determine ECW from PCI values. METHODOLOGY: Ninety traumatic amputees were enrolled. Metabolic data, heart rate and walking speed for the calculation of ECW and for PCI were computed over-ground and on a treadmill with 0% and 12% slopes during a 6-minute walking test. FINDINGS: There is a significant correlation between ECW and PCI walking over-ground (p=0.003; R2=0.10) and on treadmill with 12% slopes (p=0.001; R2=0.11) but there is only a poor to moderate correlation around the trendline. No significant correlation was found walking on treadmill with 0% slope. The Bland-Altman plot analysis suggests that is not possible to evaluate ECW directly from PCI. CONCLUSIONS: PCI is a reliable alternative measure of energy expenditure during walking in active individuals with trans-tibial amputation when performing over-ground or at high intensity effort on treadmill. PCI is therefore useful only for monitoring a within subject assessment. LAYMAN’S ABSTRACT The knowledge of the energy cost of walking in disabled people is important to improve strategies of rehabilitation or fitness training and to develop new prosthetic and orthotic components. The “gold standard” for the evaluation of the energy cost of walking is the oxygen consumption measurement with a metabolimeter, but the testing procedure is expensive and time consuming, hardly practicable in many rehabilitation centers. The Physiological Cost Index (PCI) is an indirect tool that evaluates the oxygen consumption during walking. PCI considers heart rate during walking, in relation to the speed, as an indicator of energy expenditure. The formula is “walking heart rate – resting heart rate /speed”. PCI is widely used in literature but there is not a solid evidence of a direct correlation between PCI and energy cost of walking. In particular, for individuals with unilateral trans-tibial amputation without comorbidities, no previous studies have been conducted about this correlation. It has to be noticed that individuals with unilateral trans-tibial amputation have an energy cost of walking quite similar to healthy people. Previous studies reported that in healthy people such correlation does not exist. For this reason, the aim of this study was to evaluate if and in which walking condition a linear correlation exists between PCI and Energy Cost Walking in individuals with unilateral trans-tibial amputation. Oxygen consumption measurement with a metabolimeter and PCI were computed over-ground and on a treadmill with 0% and 12% slopes during a 6-minute walking test in 90 participants. We have found that PCI is an alternative measure of energy cost of walking when performing over-ground or with high intensity effort on treadmill (12% slope). These findings could be useful when PCI is used for monitoring a fitness training or for evaluation tests. Article PDF Link: https://jps.library.utoronto.ca/index.php/cpoj/article/view/32953/25717 How to Cite: Brunelli S, Sancesario A, Iosa M, Delussu A.S, Gentileschi N, Bonanni C, Foti C, Traballesi M. Which is the best way to perform the Physiological Cost Index in active individuals with unilateral trans-tibial amputation? Canadian Prosthetics & Orthotics Journal. Volume2, Issue1, No.5, 2019. https://doi.org/10.33137/cpoj.v2i1.32953. CORRESPONDING AUTHOR: Dr. Stefano Brunelli,Fondazione Santa Lucia, IRCCS, Via Ardeatina 306, 00179 Rome, Italy.ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5986-1564Tel. +39 0651501844; Fax +39 0651501919E-MAIL: [email protected]

scholarly journals Energy expenditure of trans-tibial amputees during ambulation at self-selected pace

1994 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Gailey ◽  
M. A. Wenger ◽  
M. Raya ◽  
N. Kirk ◽  
K. Erbs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Energy Cost ◽  
Metabolic Cost ◽  
The Self ◽  
Healthy Male ◽  
Subject Pool

The purpose of this investigation was two-fold: 1) to compare the metabolic cost (VO2), heart rate (HR), and self-selected speed of ambulation of trans-tibial amputees (TTAs) with those of non-amputee subjects; and 2) to determine whether a correlation exists between either stump length or prosthesis mass and the energy cost of ambulation at the self-selected ambulation pace of TTAs. Subjects were thirty-nine healthy male non-vascular TTAs between the ages of 22 and 75 years (mean ± sd = 47 ± 16). All had regularly used their prosthesis for longer than six months and were independent of assistive ambulation devices. Twenty-one healthy non-amputee males aged 27–47 years (31 ± 6) served as controls. Subjects ambulated at a self-selected pace over an indoor course, with steady-state VO2, HR, and ambulation speed averaged across minutes seven, eight and nine of walking. Results showed that HR and VO2 for TTAs were 16% greater, and the ambulation pace 11% slower than the non-amputee controls. Significant correlations were not observed between stump length or prosthesis mass and the energy cost of ambulation. However, when the TTA subject pool was stratified on the basis of long and short stump length, the former sustained significantly lower steady-state VO2 and HR than the latter while walking at comparable pace. These data indicate that stump length may influence the metabolic cost of ambulation in TTAs.

scholarly journals Energy cost of NaCl transport in isolated gills of cutthroat trout

1999 ◽  
Vol 277 (3) ◽  
pp. R631-R639 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D. Morgan ◽  
George K. Iwama
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Energy Cost ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Cutthroat Trout ◽  
Gill Tissue ◽  
Tissue Respiration ◽  
Nacl Transport ◽  
Oncorhynchus Clarki Clarki ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Total Tissue

Few studies have made direct estimates of the energy required for ion transport in gills of freshwater (FW) and seawater (SW) fish. Oxygen consumption was measured in excised gill tissue of FW-adapted cutthroat trout ( Oncorhynchus clarki clarki) to estimate the energy cost of NaCl transport in that osmoregulatory organ. Ouabain (0.5 mM) and bafilomycin A1 (1 μM) were used to inhibit the Na+-K+and H+ pumps, respectively. Both inhibitors significantly decreased gill tissue oxygen consumption, accounting for 37% of total tissue respiration. On a whole mass basis, the cost of NaCl uptake in the FW trout gill was estimated to be 1.8% of whole animal oxygen uptake. An isolated, saline-perfused gill arch preparation was also used to compare gill energetics in FW- and SW-adapted trout. The oxygen consumption of FW gills was significantly (33%) higher than SW gills. On a whole animal basis, total gill oxygen consumption in FW and SW trout accounted for 3.9 and 2.4% of resting metabolic rate, respectively. The results of both experiments suggest that the energy cost of NaCl transport in FW and SW trout gills represents a relatively small (<4%) portion of the animal’s total energy budget.

Percent relative cumulative frequency analysis in indirect calorimetry: application to studies of transgenic mice

2004 ◽  
Vol 82 (12) ◽  
pp. 1075-1083 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Riachi ◽  
Jean Himms-Hagen ◽  
Mary-Ellen Harper
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Indirect Calorimetry ◽  
Uncoupling Protein ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Large Data ◽  
Cumulative Frequency ◽  
And Control ◽  
Deficient Mice

Indirect calorimetry is commonly used in research and clinical settings to assess characteristics of energy expenditure. Respiration chambers in indirect calorimetry allow measurements over long periods of time (e.g., hours to days) and thus the collection of large sets of data. Current methods of data analysis usually involve the extraction of only a selected small proportion of data, most commonly the data that reflects resting metabolic rate. Here, we describe a simple quantitative approach for the analysis of large data sets that is capable of detecting small differences in energy metabolism. We refer to it as the percent relative cumulative frequency (PRCF) approach and have applied it to the study of uncoupling protein-1 (UCP1) deficient and control mice. The approach involves sorting data in ascending order, calculating their cumulative frequency, and expressing the frequencies in the form of percentile curves. Results demonstrate the sensitivity of the PRCF approach for analyses of oxygen consumption ([Formula: see text]02) as well as respiratory exchange ratio data. Statistical comparisons of PRCF curves are based on the 50th percentile values and curve slopes (H values). The application of the PRCF approach revealed that energy expenditure in UCP1-deficient mice housed and studied at room temperature (24 °C) is on average 10% lower (p < 0.0001) than in littermate controls. The gradual acclimation of mice to 12 °C caused a near-doubling of [Formula: see text] in both UCP1-deficient and control mice. At this lower environmental temperature, there were no differences in [Formula: see text] between groups. The latter is likely due to augmented shivering thermogenesis in UCP1-deficient mice compared with controls. With the increased availability of murine models of metabolic disease, indirect calorimetry is increasingly used, and the PRCF approach provides a novel and powerful means for data analysis.Key words: thermogenesis, oxygen consumption, metabolic rate, uncoupling protein, UCP.

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