scholarly journals Absence of synergy for monosynaptic Group I inputs between abdominal and internal intercostal motoneurons

2014 ◽  
Vol 112 (5) ◽  
pp. 1159-1168 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. W. Ford ◽  
C. F. Meehan ◽  
P. A. Kirkwood
Keyword(s):  
Intercostal Nerve ◽  
Abdominal Muscle ◽  
Transversus Abdominis ◽  
Intercostal Muscle ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group A ◽  
Muscle Groups ◽  
Group B ◽  
Motor Acts ◽  
Stimulation Of

Internal intercostal and abdominal motoneurons are strongly coactivated during expiration. We investigated whether that synergy was paralleled by synergistic Group I reflex excitation. Intracellular recordings were made from motoneurons of the internal intercostal nerve of T8 in anesthetized cats, and the specificity of the monosynaptic connections from afferents in each of the two main branches of this nerve was investigated. Motoneurons were shown by antidromic excitation to innervate three muscle groups: external abdominal oblique [EO; innervated by the lateral branch (Lat)], the region of the internal intercostal muscle proximal to the branch point (IIm), and muscles innervated from the distal remainder (Dist). Strong specificity was observed, only 2 of 54 motoneurons showing excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) from both Lat and Dist. No EO motoneurons showed an EPSP from Dist, and no IIm motoneurons showed one from Lat. Expiratory Dist motoneurons fell into two groups. Those with Dist EPSPs and none from Lat ( group A) were assumed to innervate distal internal intercostal muscle. Those with Lat EPSPs ( group B) were assumed to innervate abdominal muscle (transversus abdominis or rectus abdominis). Inspiratory Dist motoneurons (assumed to innervate interchondral muscle) showed Dist EPSPs. Stimulation of dorsal ramus nerves gave EPSPs in 12 instances, 9 being in group B Dist motoneurons. The complete absence of heteronymous monosynaptic Group I reflex excitation between muscles that are synergistically activated in expiration leads us to conclude that such connections from muscle spindle afferents of the thoracic nerves have little role in controlling expiratory movements but, where present, support other motor acts.

The effect of Head Covering on Phototherapy-Induced Hypocalcemia in Jaundiced Full-Term Neonates

QJM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 114 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amira Said Mohamed ◽  
Sherein M Abd El fattah ◽  
Safaa S Imam ◽  
Basma M Shehata
Keyword(s):  
Full Term ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Led Phototherapy ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group A ◽  
Rate Of Decline ◽  
Group B ◽  
Head Cover ◽  
Group D ◽  
Head Covering

Abstract Background Phototherapy is the main method used in treatment of significant indirect hyperbilirubinemia and it reduces the risk of exchange transfusion. Hypocalcemia is one of the side effects of phototherapy due to inhibition of pineal gland via transcranial illumination, resulting in decline of melatonin secretion that further inhibits the effect of cortisol on bone calcium and ultimately increase the bone uptake. Aim To assess the effect of head covering to ameliorate hypocalcemic effect of different types of phototherapy in full term jaundiced neonates. Patients and Methods A prospective randomized controlled study that included 120 jaundiced neonates requiring phototherapy which divided into two main groups; group I (treated with lamp phototherapy) which was equally subdivided into two groups, group A (without head cover) and group B (with head cover) and group Il (treated with LED phototherapy) which was equally subdivided into group C (without head cover) and group D (with head cover). Results Head cover reduced the incidence of phototherapy induced hypocalcemia without affecting rate of decline of bilirubin on both types of phototherapy used. In lamp hypocalcemia (<8mg/dl) was detected in 33.3% in jaundiced neonates without head cover which was significant higher than those with head cover 6.7%. As for LED, yet not statistically significant hypocalcemia was detected in 13.3% in jaundiced neonates without head cover, which was higher than those with head cover 3.3%. Conclusion Incidence of phototherapy induced hypocalcemia is reduced by using head cover especially while using lamp phototherapy.

scholarly journals TAP Block in Postoperative Analgesia, A First Time Clinical Trial In Bangladesh

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-11
Author(s):  
Bidhan Paul ◽  
Debashis Banik ◽  
AKM Shamsul Alam
Keyword(s):  
Postoperative Analgesia ◽  
Total Abdominal Hysterectomy ◽  
Abdominal Hysterectomy ◽  
Transversus Abdominis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tap Block ◽  
Analgesic Regimen ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Background: In perioperative care, a reliable pain management is a vital appeal. Over recent years, Transversus Abdominis Plane (TAP) block is introduced as an important component of multimodal analgesia.Objective: To evaluate efficacy of TAP block in postoperative analgesia for Total Abdominal Hysterectomy (TAH) with subarachnoid block (SAB) in comparison of morphine consumption and VAS score.Methods: 60 patients were randomly allocated into 2 groups (TAP group-A & control group-B). Standard SAB was applied to all patients for elective TAH. Immediate after operation classical TAP block was performed through both Lumber Triangle Of Petit (LTOP) of group A patients. Both groups were placed in Post Anesthesia Care Unit (PACU), arranged a common standard postoperative analgesic regimen for all, observed periodically and documented it accordingly in pre-designed data sheet.Results: TAP block prolonged the mean time of 1st required I/V morphine (TAP vs control, mean±SD 271.23±40.34 vs 195.33±22.16 min., p=0.001HS). Morphine requirement was also reduced (17.4±5.4 vs 26.2±4.4 mg, p=0.001HS). Pain VAS scores at rest and movement were also reduced at all time period (p? 0.01 to 0.001). There was no complication attributed to the TAP block.Conclusion: TAP block provided considerably effective postoperative analgesia in first 24 hours after major abdominal surgery like TAH.Journal of Bangladesh Society of Anaesthesiologists 2014; 27(1): 3-11

scholarly journals Maintenance treatment of diabetic patients, associating arterial obstructive tibio-peroneal disease

1995 ◽  
Vol 113 (1) ◽  
pp. 701-705
Author(s):  
Nelson Wolosker ◽  
Ruben Miguel Ayzin Rosoky ◽  
Baptista Muraco Neto ◽  
Berilo Langer
Keyword(s):  
Maintenance Treatment ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type I ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Therapeutic Procedures ◽  
Arterial Pulsation ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Better Than

When a melito-diabetic patient presents trophic infected injury on the limb, it is essential an evaluation of the circulatory conditions for therapeutic procedures orientation. In some circumstances, although arterial pulsation is absent, there is no ischemia of tissues. In these cases, the maintenance treatment, with eventual resection of the necrosed and infected tissues may be adopted. Evolution of 70 diabetic patients with trophic injuries on extremities were submitted to a maintenance treatment. Age of patients varied from 28 to 88 years, with an average of 56.8. The most occurrence was verified in women, with 42 cases. Diabetes non-dependant on insuline (type II) was observed in 64 patients (91.5%), being the remaining 6 patients of type I. Diabetic retinopathy was observed in 14 (20%) of the patients, neuropathy in 22 (31%) and nephropathy in 8 patients (11.4%). All the patients presented arterial pulsation until the popliteal region. They were divided in 2 groups, considering trunk arteries of legs: Group I, pervial legs arteries, composed by 48 patients; Group II, occluded legs arteries, with 22 patients. In what refers to the anatomic local of the injuries, patients were classified in three groups: Group A, formed by 32 patients (45.7%), presenting injuries in one or two toes only, without affecting the metatarsic region; Group B, formed by 16 patients (22.9%), trophic injuries affecting the metatarsic region and Group C, formed by 22 patients (31.4%), injuries affecting the calcaneous region. Injuries in both of the groups were caused by mechanical traumatism. Duration of the injury in the inferior member varied from 7 to 48 days, resulting in a 12 days average. Analyzing pervicacity in trunk arterias and evolution of patients, it may be observed that there has been a significantly better result in those with all the pulses present (81.3% x 45.5%)(p<0,01). Studying the injury locals associated to the evaluation of the cases, we may observe that for injuries in the extreme digital, result is significantly better than in locals more nearly. When distal pulses are absent, there is no significant difference in the result of the treatment, being performed in distal injuries or in the more near ones (p>0,05)(Table IV).

scholarly journals 5. Meteoroid Populations and Orbits

1977 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 143-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Ceplecha
Keyword(s):  
Carbonaceous Chondrites ◽  
Ordinary Chondrites ◽  
Group I ◽  
Cometary Material ◽  
Group A ◽  
Statistical Studies ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Group B ◽  
Group D

Statistical studies of the photographic data on atmospheric trajectories and orbits of meteors (from 10-4 g to hundreds of tons) point to 5 groups of bodies with different structure and composition. The following classification is proposed: Fireball group I = exceptional cases of so-called “asteroidal” bodies among Super-Schmidt (SS) and small-camera (SC) meteors 5 ordinary chondrites. Fireball group II = group A among SS and SC = carbonaceous chondrites. Group B among SS and SC = dense cometary materials with small perihelion distances (not distinguishable among fireballs). Fireball group IIIa = group C among SS and SC = regular cometary material. Fireball group IIIB = group D (above C) of SS and SC = Draconid-shower type of cometary material. Statistics of the orbits for separate groups is considered and characteristic orbits are given.

The biology of Cucumaria elongata (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea)

1967 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D. Fish
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Behaviour ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Slow Growing

A population of Cucumaria elongata (Düb & Kor.), found in muddy sand off the Northumberland coast, has been sampled from 1961 to 1964. Densities of more than 20 per m were common.Cucumaria is a suspension feeder, and uses its tentacles to trap suspended paniculate matter. In the absence of mucous glands or cilia on the tentacles, suspended matter is held fast in a covering of mucus which is produced by glands in the pharynx and oesophagus. Each time the tentacles are introduced into the pharangeal lumen in the course of feeding, they pick up a fresh complement of mucus.The feeding behaviour is seasonal. During the early part of October the animals stop feeding, and remain dormant until late April/early May of the following year.The results of monthly experiments to determine the oxygen consumption, percentage of total lipid and the volume/dry-weight ratio, have led to the conclusion that during the winter months Cucumaria hibernates.The effect of temperature on the feeding behaviour is discussed.Regular quantitative sampling has shown that Cucumaria is slow growing, and over the area surveyed, four different age-groups were found. These have been designated groups I, A, B and C. Group I was estimated to be 2 years old; group A, 6 six years; group B, 8 years; and group C, 10 years old.Although active sperm and apparently mature eggs were found in specimens collected as far back as 1962, there is no evidence to suggest that any of the age-groups has reproduced.

scholarly journals IRON CORRECTION DURING BLOODLESS SURGERY IN PATIENTS WITH MITRAL HEART DISEASES

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-153
Author(s):  
B.N. Gumenyuk ◽  
◽  
V.V. Popov ◽  
V.V. Lazorishinetz ◽  
T.D. Marchuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitral Valve ◽  
Serum Iron ◽  
Normal Serum ◽  
Iron Level ◽  
Serum Iron Level ◽  
Preoperative Serum ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Bloodless Surgery ◽  
Stimulation Of

Objective. To study the effectiveness of the preoperative combined correction, using hydroxide of iron (III) and stimulation of hematopoiesis with erythropoietin on the postoperative anemia in patients, undergoning bloodless surgery (mitral valvere placement) in conditions of artificialblood circulation. Methods. A single-center prospective non-randomized and retrospective study involving patients (n=80) undergoning the operation for mitral valve disease was carried out. There were 54 men (67.5%) and 26 women (32.5%) with an average age of 52.8±4.9 years (M±σ). The patients were divided into three groups. Group A consisted of patients with normal serum iron levels undergoning of the application of blood component preparations. Group B included patients with normal serum iron levels who were undergoning bloodless surgery. In group C the patients with initially low levels of iron in the blood serum, preoperative correction of the saturating dose iron hydroxide and stimulation with erythropoietin were carried out, and bloodless procedure was applied while the operation. Results. The results of this study show that patients in group A require a sufficiently large volume of donor blood components during surgery. In group B, mitral valve replacement can be performed using bloodless technology without transfusion of donor blood components. Correction of a low preoperative serum iron level in group C increases its preoperative serum iron level by 7.4 times and Hb by 4.4% of the initial haemoglobin values. The level of postoperative anemia in group C (p>0.05) compared with group B (p>0.05) is 8.5% less (p>0.05). Conclusion. Correction of low preoperative iron levels and stimulation of erythropoiesis in patients with mitral heart disease after mitral valve replacement using a bloodless surgery reduces the postoperative anemia level. What this paper adds For the first time the impact of preoperative correction of anemia, using iron (III) hydroxide and stimulation of hematopoiesis, applying erythropoietin in patients undergoning the surgery for mitral valve defect using bloodless technology in conditions of artificial blood circulation (ABC) has been determined.

scholarly journals EFFICACY OF TAP BLOCK AND PLACEBO FOR PAIN IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING CSECTION SURGERY

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 266-69
Author(s):  
Usman Khalid ◽  
Kaukab Majeed ◽  
Maihmoona Yasmeen ◽  
Khalid Mehmood ◽  
Muhammad Ali Muazzam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transversus Abdominis Plane Block ◽  
Transversus Abdominis ◽  
Military Hospital ◽  
P Value ◽  
Double Blind Study ◽  
Transversus Abdominis Plane ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Objective: To compare efficacy of transversus abdominis plane block and placebo for pain in patients undergoing C-section surgery. Study Design: Comparative cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Anaesthesiology, Combined Military Hospital Quetta, from Apr toOct 2018. Methodology: A sample size of 200 patients calculated by WHO calculator undergoing Elective C-section andof age 20-40 year were randomized in a double blind study to undergo transversus abdominis plane block orplacebo group in two equal groups. Group A received block as placebo and group B with Bupivacaine. Resultsrecorded and analysed there-after for conclusion. Results: The mean age of patients in group A was 29.98 ± 5.18 years and in group B was 29.68 ± 5.43 years (pvalue ≤0.01). Majority of the patients 141 (70.50%) were between 31 to 40 years of age. Out of 200 patients, 108 (54.0%) were ASA I and 92 (46.0%) were ASA II (p-value ≤0.01). Mean body mass index was 25.20 ± 2.28 kg/m2 (p-value ≤0.01). Meantime for the first analgesia in the patients undergoing elective C-section in group A (placebo group) was 4.96 ± 1.44 hours while in group B (transversus abdominis plane block group) was 11.24 ± 1.83 hours (p-value ≤0.01). Conclusion: This study concluded that meantime for the first analgesia was found longer in TransversusAbdominis plane block for post-operative pain management in patients undergoing elective C-section.

scholarly journals Efficacy of laparoscopic guided transversus abdominis plane block in post operative analgesia requirement in elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 925
Author(s):  
Hanuman Ram Khoja ◽  
Dhanush Kumar Kunchagi ◽  
Praveen Kumar Joshi ◽  
Prabha Om
Keyword(s):  
Transversus Abdominis Plane Block ◽  
Transversus Abdominis ◽  
Tap Block ◽  
Transversus Abdominis Plane ◽  
Vas Score ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Analgesia Requirement ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group B

Background: Minimal invasive surgery has many advantages. In order to maintain and control  pain, one of the most effective technique is Transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block technique. Aim of the study was to demonstrate the efficacy of laparoscopic guided transversus abdominis plane block in post-operative analgesia requirement in elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy.Methods: It was a hospital based prospective interventional study. Sample size was calculated at 0.05 α error and 80% study power assuming mean difference of VAS score between TAP block +/A group  and TAP block- /B group is 1 and standard deviation of VAS score 1.3 among patients undergoing elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy.Results: A total of 60 patients were enrolled in this study. The mean age of group A was 48.56 years and for group B was 43.53 years. In group A 80% patients were females and for group B 83.3% patients were females. There was significant difference in VAS score at immediate post operation, at 1 hour, at 6 hours, at 18 hours and at 24 hours as p value was <0.0001 for all these groups. The mean VAS score was recorded less in group A at all the time duration compared to group B.Conclusions: With advantages like maximum safety, efficacy, potential for lower visceral injury risk and shorter operational time and other numerous advantages (decreased analgesic requirements, etc.)  laparoscopic-guided TAP block counts as an ideal abdominal field block in the patients.

scholarly journals Protein tyrosine phosphorylation in rabbit peritoneal neutrophils

1990 ◽  
Vol 269 (2) ◽  
pp. 431-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
C K Huang ◽  
V Bonak ◽  
G R Laramee ◽  
J E Casnellie
Keyword(s):  
Tyrosine Phosphorylation ◽  
Kinase Inhibitor ◽  
Leukotriene B4 ◽  
Early Event ◽  
Ionophore A23187 ◽  
Protein Tyrosine Phosphorylation ◽  
Protein Tyrosine ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Stimulation Of

Protein tyrosine phosphorylation in rabbit peritoneal neutrophils was examined by immunoblotting with antibodies specific for phosphotyrosine. Stimulation of the neutrophils with chemotactic factor fMet-Leu-Phe (10 nM) caused rapid increases of tyrosine phosphorylation of several proteins with apparent molecular masses of (Group A) 54-58 kDa and 100-125 kDa and (Group B) 36-41 kDa. Stimulation of Group A proteins was observed by fMet-Leu-Phe (10 nM, maximum at 20 s) and A23187 (1 microM, 1 min). Stimulation of Group B proteins was observed by fMet-Leu-Phe (ED50 0.15 nM, 1 min), leukotriene B4 (ED50 0.15 nM, 1 min), phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) (ED50 25 ng/ml, 10 min) and partially by ionophore A23187 (1 microM, 1 min). Pretreatment of the cell with the protein kinase inhibitor H-7 (25 microM, 5 min) and PMA (0.1 microgram/ml, 3 min) partially inhibited the fMet-Leu-Phe effect. However, pretreatment of the cells with quin 2/AM (20 microM, 10 min) completely inhibited the fMet-Leu-Phe effect. The results indicate that rapid regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation is an early event occurring in stimulated neutrophils. Furthermore the effect of fMet-Leu-Phe on tyrosine phosphorylation may require Ca2+ mobilization and may partially require the activity of H-7-sensitive protein kinases.

scholarly journals COMPARISON OF SUBCOSTAL TRANSVERSUS ABDOMINIS PLANE BLOCK WITH PORT SITE INFILTRATION OF LOCAL ANAESTHESIA IN LAPAROSCOPIC CHOLECYSTECTOMY

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 625-28
Author(s):  
Kaukab Majeed ◽  
Nazish Shaukat ◽  
Muhammad Ali Muazzam ◽  
Usman Khalid ◽  
Junaid Zafar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy ◽  
Local Anaesthesia ◽  
Transversus Abdominis Plane Block ◽  
Port Site ◽  
Transversus Abdominis ◽  
Transversus Abdominis Plane ◽  
Ultrasound Guided ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group B

Objective: To compare the efficacy of ultrasound guided subcostaltransversus abdominis plane block and port site infiltration of local anaesthesia in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Study Design: Comparative cross sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Anesthesiology department, Pak Emirates Military Hospital, Rawalpindi, from Jan to Jun 2019. Methodology: A sample size of 62 patients calculated by World Health Organization calculator were randomized in a doubleblind study to undergo Sub costal transversus abdominis plane block or port site infiltration by non-probability, consecutive sampling into two equal groups. Group A received sub costal transversus abdominis plane block and group B local anaesthetic. Postoperative pain perception was measured using visual analogue scale. Results: The mean age of patients in group A was 33.39 ± 8.91 years and in group B was 33.77 ± 8.45 years. Out of 62 patients 38 (61.29%) were males and 24 (38.71%) were females. Mean pain score in group A (ultrasound guided sub costal transversus abdominis plane block) was 1.61 ± 0.91 while in group B (port site infiltration of local anaesthetic) was 3.61 ± 1.05 (p-value 0.0001). Conclusion: The mean pain score was less following use of ultrasound guided sub costal transversus abdominis plane block in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy as compared to port site infiltration of local anaesthesia.

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