Diet effects on weight gain and body composition in high growth (hg/hg) mice

2000 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
PABLO M. CORVA ◽  
JUAN F. MEDRANO
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Diet Composition ◽  
Linear Growth ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
High Growth ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Factor I ◽  
Protein Energy

Corva, Pablo M., and Juan F. Medrano. Diet effects on weight gain and body composition in high growth ( hg/ hg) mice. Physiol Genomics 3: 17–23, 2000.—Nongenetic factors such as nutrition modulate the effects of genes responsible for overgrowth in animals. The goal of this study was to examine the importance of genotype × diet interactions on the effects of a major locus that regulates growth in the mouse. We have examined the phenotype of high growth ( hg), a partially recessive autosomal locus that increases growth rate and mature body size. C57BL/6J (C57) and congenic C57BL/6J- hg/ hg (HG) mice were fed three experimental diets differing in protein and energy content from 3 to 12 wk of age. HG mice grew faster and were, on average, 51% heavier than C57 at 12 wk of age. Feed intake was higher in HG mice but proportional to the increase in body weight. The magnitude of the differences in body size and composition between lines depended on the interaction between genotype and the protein/energy ratio of the diet. In C57, the diets modified the level of fatness without changing adult lean mass. However, in HG the diets differentially affected both linear growth and body composition. In general, HG had higher plasma levels of insulin-like growth factor I at 3 and 12 wk than C57. Plasma insulin did not differ between lines, but leptin was higher for C57 mice fed a high-energy diet. These results show that the effects of hg on growth are modulated by diet composition. Therefore, this mutation could be a valuable model with which to study the genetic and nutritional aspects of overgrowth disorders.

scholarly journals Associations of infant feeding and timing of linear growth and relative weight gain during early life with childhood body composition

2014 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 586-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
M de Beer ◽  
T G M Vrijkotte ◽  
C H D Fall ◽  
M van Eijsden ◽  
C Osmond ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Infant Feeding ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Linear Growth ◽  
Relative Weight

scholarly journals The associations between adult body composition and abdominal adiposity outcomes, and relative weight gain and linear growth from birth to age 22 in the Birth to Twenty Plus cohort, South Africa

PLoS ONE ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. e0190483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Prioreschi ◽  
Richard J. Munthali ◽  
Juliana Kagura ◽  
Rihlat Said-Mohamed ◽  
Emanuella De Lucia Rolfe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Linear Growth ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Abdominal Adiposity ◽  
Adult Body

Growth in sheep. I. The chemical composition of the body

1972 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 371-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. W. Searle ◽  
N. McC. Graham ◽  
M. O'Callaghan
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Tritiated Water ◽  
The Body ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Rumen Development ◽  
Set Up

SUMMARYFifteen sheep were fed ad libitum from 2 days to 27 months of age, and another 15 sheep were each fed exactly half the average amount consumed by the first group, age for age. The body composition of each sheep (water, fat, protein, energy) was estimated from tritiated water space on 13 occasions during this period.To describe the course of growth in individual sheep in terms of the relationships between the various body components and body weight, a model was set up in which 4 phases of growth were distinguished, viz. the milk-feeding phase, the period of rumen development, and a prefattening followed by a fattening ruminant phase. Each phase was represented by a linear equation.Except for phase 1, mean composition within each phase differed significantly between well-fed animals and those which had been given a restricted diet. Individual animals differed in the body weight at which the final phase commenced; the average weight was ca. 31 kg. Fat storage was zero or negative during the main period of rumen development; otherwise the fat and therefore energy content of weight gain increased from phase to phase. The protein and water content of gain was high in phases 1 and 2 and decreased subsequently.Calculations based on data in the literature indicated that, in phase 4, the composition of weight loss was the same as that of weight gain. It is also suggested that the body weight at which this fattening phase commences is related to mature weight, with animals of large ultimate size starting to fatten at heavier body weights than those of small ultimate size.The application of the results to the determination of nutrient requirements is discussed.

scholarly journals Does regular walnut consumption lead to weight gain?

2005 ◽  
Vol 94 (5) ◽  
pp. 859-864 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan Sabaté ◽  
Zaida Cordero-MacIntyre ◽  
Gina Siapco ◽  
Setareh Torabian ◽  
Ella Haddad
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
Dietary Compliance ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Diet Control

Studies consistently show the beneficial effects of eating nuts, but as high-energy foods, their regular consumption may lead to weight gain. We tested if daily consumption of walnuts (approximately 12% energy intake) for 6 months would modify body weight and body composition in free-living subjects. Ninety participants in a 12-month randomized cross-over trial were instructed to eat an allotted amount of walnuts (28–56g) during the walnut-supplemented diet and not to eat them during the control diet, with no further instruction. Subjects were unaware that body weight was the main outcome. Dietary compliance was about 95% and mean daily walnut consumption was 35g during the walnut-supplemented diet. The walnut-supplemented diet resulted in greater daily energy intake (557kJ (133kcal)), which should theoretically have led to a weight gain of 3·1kg over the 6-month period. For all participants, walnut supplementation increased weight (0·4 (se 0·1) kg), BMI (0·2 (se 0·1) kg/m2), fat mass (0·2 (se 0·1) kg) and lean mass (0·2 (se 0·1) kg). But, after adjusting for energy differences between the control and walnut-supplemented diets, no significant differences were observed in body weight or body composition parameters, except for BMI (0·1 (se 0·1) kg/m2). The weight gain from incorporating walnuts into the diet (control→walnut sequence) was less than the weight loss from withdrawing walnuts from the diet (walnut→control sequence). Our findings show that regular walnut intake resulted in weight gain much lower than expected and which became non-significant after controlling for differences in energy intake.

Performance of broiler chicken fed diets containing mango (Mangifera indica) fruit reject pulp mixed with maize offal

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 89-100
Author(s):  
K. T. Orayaga ◽  
A. C. Okolie ◽  
N. B. Asanka ◽  
S. Idede
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Mango Fruit ◽  
Nutrient Density

A number of alternative feedstuff that are affordable and profitable for use in developing countries for animal feeding have been identified and reported. However, some of these alternative feedstuff have low nutrient density, and some with high nutrient density are difficult to process and or preserve. However, it is reported that two different alternative feedstuff could be mixed to improve the nutrient density of the mixture, and be preserved better at the same time. Mango fruit reject pulp has high energy content but cannot be easily sundried and preserved alone, except a carrier is involved. Four (4) experiments were conducted to determine the proximate composition and energy content of mango fruit reject pulp-maize offal mix meal (MFRP-MO); effects of MFRP-MO on growth performance and economics of productions for starter and finisher broiler chickens, carcass characteristics, internal organs and gastro-intestinal tract (GIT) morphometry of finisher broiler chickens. Mango fruit rejects pulp-maize offal mix meal (MFRP-MO) partially replaced maize at 0, 20, 40, 60, and 80% respectively to produce diets coded T1 (0%), T2 (20%), T3 (40%), T4 (60%), T5 (80%), and T1(0%). One hundred and eighty (180) day-old Marshall broiler chicks were grouped into five, with each group replicated three times and a replicate contained 12 birds in completely randomized design (CRD); which were exposed to the diets in a feeding trial that lasted for 28 and 49 days for starter and finisher phases respectively. MFRP-MO contained 9.63% CP, 68.38% NFE and 3320. 41kcal/kg ME. Results of mean growth performance parameters for starter and finisher phases declined from 40% and 20% MFRPMO respectively on parameters including final weight, daily weight gain and FCR. Economic indices were better at 80% MFRP-MO mix replacement of maize; the cost per kg weight gain steadily declined. Percentage feed costs were 32.36 to 39.92% and 53.50 to 62.75% for starter and finisher respectively. The dress percent, major carcass cuts and internal organs were not significantly different. With the exception of large intestine length, which was not significantly different (p<0.05), caeca and small intestine varied in opposite directions: small intestine decreased, while caeca increased as MFRP-MO mix increased. It was concluded that 20% replacement of maize by MFRP-MO mix was optimal for both starter and finishing broiler chickens' growth but 60% was more economical and 60% MFRP-MO mix was recommended.

THE PROTEIN AND LYSINE REQUIREMENTS OF LARGE WHITE TURKEYS DURING THE GROWING AND FINISHING PERIOD

1966 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Summers ◽  
W. F. Pepper ◽  
S. J. Slinger
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Large White ◽  
Protein Requirements ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Protein Diets

Two experiments were conducted to study the protein requirements of turkeys from 16 to 24 or 26 weeks of age and also to investigate the need for supplemental lysine and methionine. No differences in weight gain or feed efficiency were observed on feeding toms diets containing 18% protein for the 16–20 week period, reducing to 16% protein for the 20–24 week period, and reducing to 14% protein for the 24–26 week period as compared with diets containing 16% protein reducing to 14% and then 12% protein. A similar lack of response was noted for hens fed diets containing 16% protein from 16 to 20 weeks reducing to 14% protein for the 20–22 week period, as compared with diets containing 14% protein reducing to 12% protein. Energy content of the diets was 3.08, 3.03, 2.98, and 2.93 kcal of metabolizable energy per gram of diet for the 12, 14, 16, and 18% protein diets respectively. Supplementing the diets with 0.05% or 0.1% lysine or a combination of 0.05% lysine plus 0.05% DL-methionine also failed to show any significant improvement in performance over the unsupplemented groups.The present study would suggest that the faster growing strains of turkeys may be capable of better utilizing the amino acids in a diet thus making for decreased requirements.

CARCASS AND EMPTY BODY COMPOSITION OF HEREFORD AND ANGUS BULLS FROM LINES SELECTED FOR RAPID GROWTH ON HIGH-ENERGY OR LOW-ENERGY DEITS

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 583-594
Author(s):  
C. B. BAILEY ◽  
J. E. LAWSON
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Skeletal Size ◽  
Kidney Fat

Hereford and Angus bull calves, progeny of breeding lines selected for nearly six generations for rapid growth on a high-energy (80% concentrate: 20% forage) or a low-energy (100% forage) diet, were themselves given a diet of 70% concentrate: 30% forage from 50 kg liveweight until slaughter at 500 kg liveweight. Effects of breed and ancestral selection diet on the composition of the empty body and the carcass at slaughter were measured. The sole effect of differences in the energy content of the selection diet was that bulls from the high-energy selection lines had higher proportions of muscle and bone in the front quarter and lower proportions in the hind quarter than bulls from the low-energy selection lines. Differences were small and probably not of economic importance. Breed of bull influenced significantly a number of body composition variables. As a proportion of empty liveweight, Herefords had lighter carcasses, less kidney fat, and heavier hides, heads, and feet than Angus. In addition, the carcasses of Hereford bulls had a higher proportion of bone than did those of the Angus and this was associated with differences in live body dimensions that reflected a larger overall skeletal size. As a result of these differences in the distribution of weight among the various parts of the empty body, Angus were superior to the Herefords in terms of total yield of carcass muscle (642 vs. 616 g kg−1 of empty liveweight) and ratio of muscle to bone in the carcass (4.96 vs. 4.64). It was concluded that the various indices of empty body and carcass composition were little influenced by ancestral selection diet but were affected by breed. Key words: Carcass, empty body, composition, cattle, selection, growth rate

The effect of the β agonist clenbuterol on the composition of body gain of veal calves

1986 ◽  
Vol 1986 ◽  
pp. 4-4
Author(s):  
P. E. V. Williams ◽  
L. Pagliani ◽  
G. M. Innes ◽  
K. Pennie
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Adrenergic Agonist ◽  
Rapid Weight Gain ◽  
Veal Calves ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Comparative Slaughter

Clenbuterol, a β adrenergic agonist, acts as a repartitioning agent increasing the ratio of protein to fat in the carcass. Recent reports on the action of clenbuterol in the bovine have indentified the repartitioning action but body composition has been estimated from sample joints and regression equations based on untreated cattle. Such data may not be appropriate for use with animals treated with repartitioning agents. A comparative slaughter experiment was designed to study the effects of clenbuterol on body composition and energy content of weight gain in the bovine. Veal calves were chosen as the model since they exhibit rapid weight gain, and in the latter stages of growth, prior to slaughter, a high proportion of the gain is fat; such animals may therefore be sensitive to the effects of a repartitioning agent.

scholarly journals Impact of dietary macronutrient profile on feline body weight is not consistent with the protein leverage hypothesis

2018 ◽  
Vol 120 (11) ◽  
pp. 1310-1318
Author(s):  
David Allaway ◽  
Carlos H. de Alvaro ◽  
Adrian Hewson-Hughes ◽  
Ruth Staunton ◽  
Penelope Morris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Average Loss ◽  
Metabolisable Energy ◽  
Adult Cats ◽  
High Protein Diets ◽  
Protein Diets

AbstractThe protein leverage hypothesis proposes that the need to prioritise protein intake drives excess energy intake (EI) when the dietary ratio of protein to fat and carbohydrate is reduced. We hypothesised that cats may become prone to overconsuming energy content when moderate protein diets were offered, and considered the potential influence of fat and carbohydrate on intake. To determine the effect of dietary protein and macronutrient profile (MNP) on EI, weight and body composition, cats (1–4 years) were offered food in excess of energy requirements (ER). A total of six diets were formulated, containing moderate (approximately 7 % w/w; approximately 22 % metabolisable energy (ME)) or high (approximately 10 % w/w; approximately 46 % ME) protein and varying levels of carbohydrate and fat. For 4 weeks, 120 cats were offered 100 % of their individual ER of a diet at the MNP selected by adult cats (50:40:10 protein energy ratio:fat energy ratio:carbohydrate energy ratio). EI, body weight (BW), body composition, activity and palatability were measured. Subsequently, cats were offered one of the six diets at 200 % of their individual ER for 4 weeks when measurements were repeated. Cats offered excess high protein diets had higher EI (kJ/kg) throughout, but at 4 weeks BW was not significantly different to baseline. Cats offered excess moderate protein diets reduced EI and gradually lost weight (average loss of 0·358 (99 % CI 0·388, 0·328) kg), irrespective of fat:carbohydrate and initial palatability. The data do not support the protein leverage hypothesis. Furthermore, cats were able to adapt intake of a wet diet with high protein in an overfeeding environment within 28 d.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document