scholarly journals Estimation of the Centre of Mass From Motion Capture and Force Plate Recordings: A Study on the Elderly

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Cotton ◽  
M. Vanoncini ◽  
P. Fraisse ◽  
N. Ramdani ◽  
E. Demircan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motion Capture ◽  
Force Plate ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
The Body ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Centre Of Mass ◽  
Joint Angles ◽  
Biomechanical Models ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Mass Position

The estimation of the centre of mass position in humans is usually based on biomechanical models developed from anthropometric tables. This method can potentially introduce errors in studies involving elderly people, since the ageing process is typically associated with a modification of the distribution of the body mass. In this paper, an alternative technique is proposed, and evaluated with an experimental study on 9 elderly volunteers. The technique is based on a virtual chain, identified from experimental data and locating the subject's centre of mass. Its configuration defines the location of the centre of mass, and is a function of the anatomical joint angles measured on the subject. This method is a valuable investigation tool in the field of geronto-technology, since it overcomes some of the problems encountered with other CoM estimation methods.

BIOMECHANICAL CHARACTERISTICS IN YOGA SIRSASANA

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (03) ◽  
pp. 1750053 ◽  
Author(s):  
YO CHEN ◽  
CHO-WEI LEE ◽  
YU-LAN CHEN ◽  
HUI-TING LIN ◽  
JIA-HAO CHANG
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Distribution ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Motion Capture ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Force Plate ◽  
The Body ◽  
Friedman Test ◽  
Joint Angles ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Difference

The aim of this study was to understand how to process Yoga headstand and the difference between genders in headstand. Twelve skilled participates were recruited in this study (Males 34.1 [Formula: see text] 3.3 years, [Formula: see text]; Females 36.5 [Formula: see text] 3.9 years, [Formula: see text]). The 10 camera Vicon motion capture system, Kistler force plate, and Medilogic pressure mat were used synchronously to record the movement, ground reaction force, and pressure distribution during headstand. The Mann–Whitney U test and Friedman test ([Formula: see text]) was applied to assess the statistics. The trunk, hip, knee, and ankle joint angles were [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text], respectively, in all subjects. The pressure distribution was 38 [Formula: see text] 19%, 29 [Formula: see text] 12%, and 33 [Formula: see text] 9% on subjects’ heads, right elbows, and left elbows, respectively. The COP trajectory was 31.2 [Formula: see text] 17.4[Formula: see text]cm and surface area was 5.3 [Formula: see text] 1.4[Formula: see text]cm2. No significant differences were found in joint angles, overall force distribution, and COP trajectory and surface area between genders. Both males and females distribute body weight to the supports of head and elbows equally and kept the body straight and erect on the ground during Yoga headstand.

Biomechanical constraints to stair negotiation

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Constantinos Maganaris ◽  
Vasilios Baltzopoulos ◽  
David Jones ◽  
Irene Di Giulio ◽  
Neil Reeves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Dynamic Stability ◽  
Ankle Joint ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
The Body ◽  
Centre Of Mass ◽  
Centre Of Pressure ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Stair Negotiation ◽  
Biomechanical Constraints

This chapter discusses strategies that older and younger people employ to negotiate stairs based on experiments performed on an instrumented staircase in lab environment aiming at identifying ways to reduce stair fall risk for the elderly. Stair negotiation was found to be more demanding for the knee and ankle joint muscles in older than younger adults, with the demand increasing further when the step-rise was higher. During descent of stairs with higher step-rises, older adults shifted the centre of mass (COM) posteriorly, behind the centre of pressure (COP) to prevent forward falling. A decreased step-going resulted in a slower descent of the centre of mass in the older adults and standing on a single leg for longer than younger adults. A greater reliance on the handrails and rotation of the body in the direction of the handrail was also observed when the step-going was decreased during descent, which allowed this task to be performed with better dynamic stability, by maintaining the COM closer to the COP. These findings have important implications for stair design and exercise programs aiming at improving safety on stairs for the elderly.

Video-Based Motion Capture for Measuring Human Movement

2011 ◽  
pp. 81-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chee Kwang Quah ◽  
Michael Koh ◽  
Alex Ong ◽  
Hock Soon Seah ◽  
Andre Gagalowicz
Keyword(s):  
Computer Vision ◽  
Digital Media ◽  
Motion Capture ◽  
Human Movement ◽  
Human Motion ◽  
The Body ◽  
Optical Systems ◽  
Human Motion Analysis ◽  
Capture Method ◽  
The Subject

Through the advancement of electronics technologies, human motion analysis applications span many domains. Existing commercially available magnetic, mechanical and optical systems for motion capture and analyses are far from being able to operate in natural scenarios and environments. The current shortcoming of requiring the subject to wear sensors and markers on the body has prompted development directed towards a marker-less setup using computer vision approaches. However, there are still many challenges and problems in computer vision methods such as inconsistency of illumination, occlusion and lack of understanding and representation of its operating scenario. The authors present a videobased marker-less motion capture method that has the potential to operate in natural scenarios such as occlusive and cluttered scenes. In specific applications in sports biomechanics and education, which are stimulated by the usage of interactive digital media and augmented reality, accurate and reliable capture of human motion are essential.

scholarly journals A Novel Biomechanical Analysis of Horticultural Digging

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 746-753 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Shippen ◽  
Paul Alexander ◽  
Barbara May
Keyword(s):  
Motion Capture ◽  
The Body ◽  
Contact Forces ◽  
Biomechanical Analysis ◽  
Motion Capture Data ◽  
Joint Angles ◽  
Joint Torques ◽  
Risk Of Injury ◽  
Joint Contact ◽  
Good Technique

Musculoskeletal injuries are commonly reported in workers employed in labor-intensive agricultural-type tasks. A novel method of determining joint angles, joint torques, and contact forces, using three-dimensional motion capture and musculoskeletal modeling, was applied to the movements of a sample of workers, engaged in the horticultural task of digging, to determine if objective biomechanical data could be correlated with a subjective visual assessment to predict risk of injury. The joint angle time histories of horticulturists were calculated from the motion capture data, and this was used to articulate a musculoskeletal model of the subjects. The joint torques were calculated using inverse dynamics methods from which the individual muscle loads were established using a cost function minimization approach. Finally, the joint contact forces were calculated including the muscle forces. The motion capture data of digging trials were observed by a team of horticulturists and physiotherapists who categorized each of the observed trials according to form, efficiency, and risk of injury. Trials demonstrating techniques which were more likely to yield injuries were identified as “examples of bad technique”; those judged to be less likely to yield injuries were categorized as “examples of good technique.” It was found that the joint torques and contact forces and their variability were lower in the trial which was identified as good technique, and consistently higher in the examples of bad technique. The results of the study suggest that measurement of joint angles, joint torques, joint contact forces, and forces in the muscles could serve as a valuable tool to develop training programs for horticultural workers engaged in certain high intensity tasks, such as digging, to effectively improve efficiency and reduce incidence of injury. It may also be possible to modify horticulture-related equipment to minimize the internal loads within the body to reduce the risk to health and, therefore, extend active participation in horticulture.

Video-Based Motion Capture for Measuring Human Movement

2011 ◽  
pp. 209-228
Author(s):  
Chee Kwang Quah ◽  
Michael Koh ◽  
Alex Ong ◽  
Hock Soon Seah ◽  
Andre Gagalowicz
Keyword(s):  
Computer Vision ◽  
Digital Media ◽  
Motion Capture ◽  
Human Movement ◽  
Human Motion ◽  
The Body ◽  
Optical Systems ◽  
Human Motion Analysis ◽  
Capture Method ◽  
The Subject

Through the advancement of electronics technologies, human motion analysis applications span many domains. Existing commercially available magnetic, mechanical and optical systems for motion capture and analyses are far from being able to operate in natural scenarios and environments. The current shortcoming of requiring the subject to wear sensors and markers on the body has prompted development directed towards a marker-less setup using computer vision approaches. However, there are still many challenges and problems in computer vision methods such as inconsistency of illumination, occlusion and lack of understanding and representation of its operating scenario. The authors present a videobased marker-less motion capture method that has the potential to operate in natural scenarios such as occlusive and cluttered scenes. In specific applications in sports biomechanics and education, which are stimulated by the usage of interactive digital media and augmented reality, accurate and reliable capture of human motion are essential.

scholarly journals Validation of Smartphone Sway Analysis for Fall Prevention

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (22) ◽  
pp. 10577
Author(s):  
Matthew Cimera ◽  
Arkady Voloshin
Keyword(s):  
Force Plate ◽  
Smart Phone ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
A Cell ◽  
The Subject ◽  
To Come ◽  
Doctor's Office ◽  
Serious Injuries ◽  
Smart Phone Application ◽  
Anterior Posterior

Analysis of the balance and sway of the elderly remains a field continuously studied for additional means of assessing the risks of falls. Almost 50% of falls among the elderly lead to serious injuries, and falls are the leading cause of death for the elderly. Thus, the development of a convenient method to assess the risks of falling would be beneficial in helping to diminish these risks. We recorded the sway data by using the widely acceptable force plate and simultaneously compared it to the angular orientation measured by a cell phone’s accelerometer attached to the subject. It was found that the correlation of the average path length and average velocity between the results from the force plate and the phone application were 0.83 and 0.86 respectively. Overall, the direction of the strongest correlation was in the anterior–posterior (AP) direction that is mostly associated with falls. The smart phone application was able to represent the results that were gathered by the force plate, thus opening the door to a simpler way to track sway variables in the elderly without the necessity to come to a doctor’s office.

scholarly journals Does the margin of stability measure predict stability of gait with a constrained base of support?

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lakshdeep Gill ◽  
Andrew H. Huntley ◽  
Avril Mansfield
Keyword(s):  
Motion Capture ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Centre Of Mass ◽  
Narrow Beam ◽  
Margin Of Stability ◽  
Stability Measure ◽  
Subsequent Step ◽  
Base Of Support ◽  
Mass Position ◽  
Healthy Participants

ABSTRACTThis study aimed to determine the validity of the centre of mass position (COM) position and extrapolated COM (XCOM), relative to the base of support, for predicting stability during a walking task where the base of support is constrained. Nine young healthy participants walked on a narrow beam. Three-dimensional motion capture was used to calculate the COM and XCOM relative to the base of support. Steps were classified as having either the COM or XCOM inside or outside the base of support, and were classified as successful (stable – foot placed on the beam) or failed (unstable – foot stepped off the beam). If the COM or XCOM are valid measures of stability, they should be within the base of support for successful steps and outside the base of support for failed steps. Classifying the COM and XCOM inside or outside the base of support correctly predicted successful or failed steps in 69% and 58% of cases, respectively. When the COM or XCOM were outside the base of support, walking faster seemed to help participants to maintain stability. The further the COM or XCOM were outside the base of support during a successful step, the more likely participants were to fail on a subsequent step. The results of this study suggest that both COM and XCOM are valid measures of stability during a beam walking task, but that classifying COM and XCOM as inside or outside the base of support may be over-simplistic.

Urinary Incontinence in the Elderly

2020 ◽  
pp. 208-224
Author(s):  
Helena Maria Arco ◽  
Maria Arminda Costa
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Incontinence ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Functional Dependence ◽  
Self Care ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cultural Dimensions ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Return Home

Urinarsy incontinence involves difficulty in retaining urine, making it a problem with multiple consequences. The purpose of this chapter is to encourage reflection on this situation and identify potential action with a view to promoting self-care in the elderly with urinary incontinence. The authors undertook an ethnographic survey in convalescence units in which they observed and interviewed elderly patients with urinary incontinence and healthcare professionals. Implementing an “observation, reporting, and reflection” approach, they carried out a content analysis. Three cultural dimensions emerged affecting self-care. Functional dependence and vulnerability led to an impaired attitude to the body, which constituted the primary challenge in the process. The promotion of self-care was marked by difficulties, strategies, and modes of action where the nurses played a significant role in liaison with the multidisciplinary team. The preparation for discharge was marked by points of contention and negotiations that decided whether the patient would return home or be the subject of referral.

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN AKTIVITAS FISIK DENGAN KEJADIAN KONSTIPASI PADA LANSIA DI KOTA MADIUN

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 40
Author(s):  
Amelia Dyah Kartika Sari ◽  
Bambang Wirjatmadi
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
The Body ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Spearman Correlation Test ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Physical Activity Scale

Elderly is the fi nal stage in human life which usually begins at age 60 years. Elderly phase characterized by decreased function of the body and more susceptible to diseases. One of the disease that are often experienced by the elderly is constipation. Constipation can be caused by various factors, one of which is lack of physical activity.The purpose ofthis study was to analyze the correlation between physical activity and constipation in Madiun City elderly. The subject, which collected using cluster random sampling and simple random sampling method, was 68 elderly which a week physical activity were scored using Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly questionnaire and constipation rate analyzedby Constipation Scoring System questionnaire. Statistic analysis was done using Spearman Correlation test. Results showed that the majority (73.5%) of respondents did not do enough physical activity, and as much as 66.2% of total respondents had constipation. There was a strong and positive correlation between physical activity and constipation in elderly (p = 0.000; r = 0.557) The conclusion of this study is that elderly in Madiun City who did enough physical activity tend to not have constipation.Keywords: physical activity, constipation, elderly

Diaghilev and British Writing

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-92
Author(s):  
Susan Jones
Keyword(s):  
Visual Arts ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Literary Responses ◽  
Literary Aesthetics ◽  
Ballets Russes ◽  
The Arts ◽  
The Subject ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Opening Up

This article explores the diversity of British literary responses to Diaghilev's project, emphasising the way in which the subject matter and methodologies of Diaghilev's modernism were sometimes unexpectedly echoed in expressions of contemporary British writing. These discussions emerge both in writing about Diaghilev's work, and, more discretely, when references to the Russian Ballet find their way into the creative writing of the period, serving to anchor the texts in a particular cultural milieu or to suggest contemporary aesthetic problems in the domain of literary aesthetics developing in the period. Figures from disparate fields, including literature, music and the visual arts, brought to their criticism of the Ballets Russes their individual perspectives on its aesthetics, helping to consolidate the sense of its importance in contributing to the inter-disciplinary flavour of modernism across the arts. In the field of literature, not only did British writers evaluate the Ballets Russes in terms of their own poetics, their relationship to experimentation in the novel and in drama, they developed an increasing sense of the company's place in dance history, its choreographic innovations offering material for wider discussions, opening up the potential for literary modernism's interest in impersonality and in the ‘unsayable’, discussions of the body, primitivism and gender.

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