Motor-Evoked Potential Confirmation of Functional Improvement by Transplanted Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cell in the Ischemic Rat Brain

This study investigated the effect of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) on the motor pathway in the transient ischemic rat brain that were transplanted through the carotid artery, measuring motor-evoked potential (MEP) in the four limbs muscle and the atlantooccipital membrane, which was elicited after monopolar and bipolar transcortical stimulation. After monopolar stimulation, the latency of MEP was significantly prolonged, and the amplitude was less reduced in the BMSC group in comparison with the control group (). MEPs induced by bipolar stimulation in the left forelimb could be measured in 40% of the BMSC group and the I wave that was not detected in the control group was also detected in 40% of the BMSC group. Our preliminary results imply that BMSCs transplanted to the ischemic rat brain mediate effects on the functional recovery of the cerebral motor cortex and the motor pathway.

Download Full-text

Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells (BMSCs) Transplantation Alleviates Acute Pancreatitis Through Inhibiting Inflammation and Promoting Caspase-8 Apoptosis Pathway

Journal of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering ◽

10.1166/jbt.2022.2969 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 12 (5) ◽

pp. 1034-1039

Author(s):

Xiaoxiang Wang ◽

Lan Yu ◽

Xing Xiong ◽

Yao Chen ◽

Bo Men

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Bone Marrow ◽

Acute Pancreatitis ◽

Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽

Serum Amylase ◽

Inflammatory Factors ◽

Control Group ◽

Caspase 8 ◽

Apoptosis Pathway ◽

Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) are capable of multipolar differentiation and repairing injured tissues. Herein, we aimed to investigate the mechanism by how BMSCs modulate the apoptotic pathway in the acute pancreatitis (AP). In this study, primary BMSCs were cultured and administrated into 10 AP mice while 10 healthy mice were taken as a blank group and 10 AP mice as a control group. The mouse pancreatic tissues were assessed by HE staining and evaluated by pancreatitis score and serum amylase detection. Level of inflammatory factors CRP and TNF-α was measured by ELISA and PIPK1, PIPK3, MLKL and Caspase-8 expression was detected by RT-qPCR and Western blot. The pancreatitis score (7.29±1.36) and the serum amylase score of (453.66±103.67) mu/ml of BMSCs group was significantly higher than that of control group, indicating increased tissue repair after BMSCs treatment. BMSCs group exhibited a higher level of CRP (711.01±115.31) and TNF-α (132.81±22.13) in serum compared to control group (p < 0.05). PIPK1, PIPK3, and MLKL expression in BMSCs group decreased (p < 0.05) whereas Caspase-8 was increased (p < 0.05). On the other hand, BMSCs group presented upregulated PIPK1, PIPK3, and MLKL (p < 0.05) and downregulated Caspase-8 (p < 0.05). In conclusion, BMSCs regulate cell apoptosis by upregulating Caspase-8 expression, and downregulating PIPK1, PIPK3 and MLKL level, thereby alleviating the inflammation in AP.

Download Full-text

Progranulin Promotes Osteogenic Differentiation and Osteosynthesis of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Alleviates Osteoporosis Through Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/Protein Kinase B/Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ Pathway

Journal of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering ◽

10.1166/jbt.2020.2493 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

pp. 1865-1870

Author(s):

Yang Ying ◽

Binghao Zhao ◽

Wei Qian ◽

Li Xu

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Bone Marrow ◽

Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽

Osteogenic Differentiation ◽

Mrna Level ◽

Control Group ◽

Peroxisome Proliferator ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Alp Activity ◽

Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) have self-renewal potential with multi-directional differentiation. Progranulin prevents bone degradation, inhibits inflammation and protects bone tissue. However, the role of Progranulin in osteoporotic BMSCs is unclear. Osteoporosis (OP) rat models were prepared by ovarian removal and treated with different doses (5 and 10 μM) of Progranulin followed by analysis of BMP-2 level by ELISA, bone mineral density and ALP activity. OP rat BMSCs were isolated and assigned into control group and Progranulin group followed by analysis of Progranulin level by ELISA, cell proliferation by MTT assay, RUNX2 and COL1A1 mRNA level by Real time PCR, and PI3K/Akt/PPARγ signaling protein level by Western blot. Progranulin treatment of OP rats dose-dependently increased BMP-2 expression, bone density and ALP activity. Compared with OP group, there were significant differences (P <0.05). Progranulin expression and BMSCs proliferation was increased, and RUNX2 and COL1A1 mRNA expression was elevated in Progranulin-treated OP group along with increased PI3K/Akt expression and decreased PPARγ protein expression. Compared with OP group, the difference was statistically significant, and the change was more significant with increasing concentration (P <0.05). Progranulin promotes BMSCs osteogenic differentiation and proliferation by regulating PI3K/Akt/PPARγ signaling pathway, which is beneficial for OP rats’ bone synthesis.

Download Full-text

miR-1 Activates NF-κB to Promote the Differentiation of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Mouse Models of Glioma

Journal of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering ◽

10.1166/jbt.2021.2694 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. 1327-1332

Author(s):

Long Zhou ◽

Kui Wang ◽

Meixia Liu ◽

Wen Wei ◽

Liu Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Bone Marrow ◽

Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽

Western Blot ◽

Mouse Models ◽

Cell Apoptosis ◽

Bone Diseases ◽

Control Group ◽

Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽

And Control

NF-κB activation and its abnormal expression are involved in the progression of glioma. miRNA plays a crucial role in bone diseases. The role of NF-κB is becoming more and more important. The purpose of this study is to explore the mechanism by how miR-1 regulates NF-κB signaling. C57 glioma mouse models were divided into osteoporosis (OP) group and control group. qPCR was used to measure miR-1 levels in OP and control mice. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were cultured and transfected with miR-1 specific siRNA to establish miR-1 knockout cell model followed by analysis of cell apoptosis, expression of NF-κB signaling molecules by western blot. qPCR results showed that miR-1 levels in OP mice were significantly reduced compared to control mice. A large number of siRNA particles were observed in transfected BMSCs under a fluorescence microscope. qPCR results showed that siRNA transfection significantly suppressed miR-1, indicating successful transfection. Flow cytometry revealed significant differences in cell apoptosis between miR-1 siRNA group and the NC group. Western blot indicated miR-1 promoted BMSCs differentiation via NF-κB mediated up-regulation of ALP activity. The expression of miR-1 is low in BMSCs of mice with glioma. In addition, BMSCs differentiation is enhanced by NF-κB activation via up-regulating miR-1.

Download Full-text

Topical Transplantation of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Made Deeper Skin Wounds Regeneration

Plastic Surgery ◽

10.1177/2292550320967404 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 229255032096740

Author(s):

Qin Yonghong ◽

Li Aishu ◽

Yazan Al-Ajam ◽

Liao Yuting ◽

Zhang Xuanfeng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Bone Marrow ◽

Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽

Hair Follicle ◽

Healing Process ◽

Control Group ◽

P Value ◽

Full Thickness ◽

Wound Model ◽

Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Current wound healing models generally employ full-thickness or irregular split wounds. Consequently, assessing the type of healing at varying wound depths and determining the deepest level at which wounds can regenerate has been a challenge. We describe a wound model that allows assessment of the healing process over a continuous gradient of wound depth, from epidermal to full-thickness dermal loss. Further, we investigate whether green fluorescent protein–labeled bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs/GFP) transplantation could regenerate deeper wounds that might otherwise lead to scar formation. A wound gradient was created on the back of 120 Sprague Dawley rats, which were randomized into the BM-MSCs/GFP and control group. These were further subdivided into 6 groups where terminal biopsies of the healing wounds were taken at days 1, 3, 5, 7, 14, and 21 post-operatively. At each observed time point, the experimental animals were anesthetized and photographed, and depending on the group, the animals euthanized and skin taken for rapid freezing, haemotoxylin and eosin staining, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) immunohistochemistry. We found the deepest layer to regenerate in the control group was at the level of the infundibulum apex, while in the BM-MSCs/GFP group this was deeper, at the opening site of sebaceous duct at hair follicle in which had the appearance of normal skin and less wound contraction than the control group ( P value less than .05). The expression of VEGF in BM-MSCs/GFP group was higher than that in control group ( P value less than .05). The number of vessels increased from 2.5 ± 0.2/phf of control group to 5.0 ± 0.3/phf of BM-MSCs/GFP ( P value less than .05). The progressively deepening wound model we described can identify the type of wound repair at increasing depths. Further, topical transplantation of BM-MSCs/GFP significantly improved regeneration of deeper wounds from infundibulum apex (maximum depth of control group regeneration) to the opening site of sebaceous duct at hair follicle level.

Download Full-text

Experimental Study on Construction of Tissue Engineered Bone by Autologous Oxygen Release Nano-Bionic Scaffold Combined with Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 Induced Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Journal of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering ◽

10.1166/jbt.2019.2120 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (9) ◽

pp. 1254-1260

Author(s):

Fei Wang ◽

Hongfang Wei ◽

Chengdong Hu ◽

Dongfeng Li ◽

Xiwei Huo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Marrow ◽

Type Ii Collagen ◽

Negative Control Group ◽

Negative Control ◽

Control Group ◽

Type Ii ◽

Oxygen Release ◽

Fracture Group ◽

Bionic Scaffold ◽

Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) are used for bone tissue engineering. BMP-2 and autologous oxygen-releasing nano-bionic scaffolds promote bone differentiation of BMSCs. Our study intends to evaluate the role of autologous oxygen-releasing nano-bionic scaffolds combined with BMP-2-induced BMSCs in the construction of tissue engineered bone. Rat BMSCs were isolated and transfected with NC (negative control group) and BMP-2 (BMP-2 plasmid group), respectively. Healthy male SD rats were randomly and equally divided into fracture group, negative control group and the BMP-2 group which was implanted with autologous oxygen-releasing nano-bionic scaffolds to synthesize BMSCs and transfected with BMP-2 plasmids respectively followed by analysis of osteophytes growth, ALP activity, expression of BMP-2, type II collagen, Runx2 and OC by real time PCR, TGF-β1 secretion by ELISA and BMP-2 protein expression by western blot. BMSCs induced by autologous oxygen release nano-bionic scaffold combined with BMP-2 can significantly promote the increase of bone mineral density, increase the expression of Runx2 and OC, promote ALP activity, upregulate type II collagen, BMP-2 mRNA and protein, and TGF-β1 secretion compared to fracture group (P < 0.05). The BMSCs induced by autologous oxygen-releasing nanobionic scaffolds transfected with BMP-2 had a more significant effect on bone repair. Autologous oxygen-releasing nano-bionic scaffolds combined with BMP-2-induced BMSCs can promote bone healing by regulating BMP-2 and increasing osteogenesis at the bone defect.

Download Full-text

The MEP in clinical neurodiagnosis

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198568926.013.0019 ◽

2012 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Friedhelm Sandbrink

Keyword(s):

Motor Neuron ◽

Neurological Disorders ◽

Evoked Potential ◽

Motor Evoked Potential ◽

Motor Neuron Diseases ◽

Motor Pathway ◽

Pathway Function ◽

Transcranial Electric Stimulation ◽

Lumbar Spinal ◽

Stimulation Of

This article gives information on the clinical application of motor-evoked potential (MEP). Transcranial stimulation of the cerebral cortex to elicit MEPs is a noninvasive method for assessing the integrity of the central motor pathway function. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is used in diagnosing and monitoring neurological disorders. This article highlights the neurophysiological differences between TMS and transcranial electric stimulation. All the different MEP parameters that can be measured by TMS, the latency of the MEP is generally regarded as the most reliable and useful. TMS studies have been described in many neurological disorders. The sensitivity of TMS in detecting subclinical upper motor neuron lesion varies in different disorders, depending on number of muscles and different parameters used. This article talks about the application of MEP in pathophysiology, multiple sclerosis, motor neuron diseases, meyloptahy, cerebral infarction, movement disorders, epilepsy, Lumbar spinal stenosis and radiculopathies, peripheral nerve disorders etc.

Download Full-text

Infusion of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Attenuates Experimental Severe Acute Pancreatitis in Rats

Stem Cells International ◽

10.1155/2016/7174319 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Hang Zhao ◽

Zhiying He ◽

Dandan Huang ◽

Jun Gao ◽

Yanfang Gong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Bone Marrow ◽

Acute Pancreatitis ◽

Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽

Survival Rate ◽

Severe Acute Pancreatitis ◽

Control Group ◽

Therapeutic Effects ◽

Isolation And Characterization ◽

Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Background & Aims. Severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) remains a high-mortality disease. Bone marrow (BM) mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been demonstrated to have plasticity of transdifferentiation and to have immunomodulatory functions. In the present study, we assessed the roles of MSCs in SAP and the therapeutic effects of MSC on SAP after transplantation.Methods. A pancreatitis rat model was induced by the injection of taurocholic acid (TCA) into the pancreatic duct. After isolation and characterization of MSC from BM, MSC transplantation was conducted 24 hrs after SAP induction by tail vein injection. The survival rate was observed and MSCs were traced after transplantation. The expression of TNF-αand IL-1βmRNA in the transplantation group was also analyzed.Results. The survival rate of the transplantation group was significantly higher compared to the control group (p<0.05). Infused MSCs were detected in the pancreas and BM 3 days after transplantation. The expression of TNF-αand IL-1βmRNA in the transplantation group was significantly lower than in the control group in both the pancreas and the lungs (p<0.05).Conclusions. MSC transplantation could improve the prognosis of SAP rats. Engrafted MSCs have the capacity of homing, migration, and planting during the treatment of SAP.

Download Full-text

Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells derived from juvenile macaques reversed ovarian ageing in elderly macaques

Stem Cell Research & Therapy ◽

10.1186/s13287-021-02486-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Chuan Tian ◽

Jie He ◽

Yuanyuan An ◽

Zailing Yang ◽

Donghai Yan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Bone Marrow ◽

Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽

Sex Hormones ◽

Hormone Secretion ◽

The Elderly ◽

Differentially Expressed ◽

Control Group ◽

Functional Changes ◽

Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Abstract Background Female sex hormone secretion and reproductive ability decrease with ageing. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) have been postulated to play a key role in treating ovarian ageing. Methods We used macaque ovarian ageing models to observe the structural and functional changes after juvenile BMMSC treatment. Moreover, RNA-seq was used to analyse the ovarian transcriptional expression profile and key pathways through which BMMSCs reverse ovarian ageing. Results In the elderly macaque models, the ovaries were atrophied, the regulation ability of sex hormones was reduced, the ovarian structure was destroyed, and only local atretic follicles were observed, in contrast with young rhesus monkeys. Intravenous infusion of BMMSCs in elderly macaques increased ovarian volume, strengthened the regulation ability of sex hormones, reduced the degree of pulmonary fibrosis, inhibited apoptosis, increased density of blood vessels, and promoted follicular regeneration. In addition, the ovarian expression characteristics of ageing-related genes of the elderly treatment group reverted to that of the young control group, 1258 genes that were differentially expressed, among which 415 genes upregulated with age were downregulated, 843 genes downregulated with age were upregulated after BMMSC treatment, and the top 20 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network were significantly enriched in oocyte meiosis and progesterone-mediated oocyte maturation pathways. Conclusion The BMMSCs derived from juvenile macaques can reverse ovarian ageing in elderly macaques.

Download Full-text

Transcranial Electrical Motor Evoked Potential in Predicting Positive Functional Outcome of Patients after Decompressive Spine Surgery: Review on Challenges and Recommendations towards Objective Interpretation

Behavioural Neurology ◽

10.1155/2021/2684855 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-16

Author(s):

Mohd Redzuan Jamaludin ◽

Khin Wee Lai ◽

Joon Huang Chuah ◽

Muhammad Afiq Zaki ◽

Yan Chai Hum ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Spinal Cord ◽

Functional Outcome ◽

Evoked Potential ◽

Motor Nerve ◽

Motor Evoked Potential ◽

Nerve Roots ◽

Motor Pathway ◽

Positive Functional ◽

Prognostic Tool ◽

Objective Interpretation

Spine surgeries impose risk to the spine’s surrounding anatomical and physiological structures especially the spinal cord and the nerve roots. Intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) is a technology developed to monitor the integrity of the spinal cord and the nerve roots via the surgery. Transcranial motor evoked potential (TcMEP) (one of the IONM modalities) is adopted to monitor the integrity of the motor pathway of the spinal cord and the motor nerve roots. Recent research suggested that the IONM is conducive as a prognostic tool towards the patient’s functional outcome. This paper summarizes the researches of IONM being adopted as a prognostic tool. In addition, this paper highlights the problems associated with the signal parameters as the improvement criteria in the previous researches. Lastly, we review the challenges of TcMEP to achieve a prognostic tool focusing on the factors that could interfere with the generation of a stable TcMEP response. The final section will discuss recommendations for IONM technology to achieve an objective prognostic tool.

Download Full-text

Do Intraoperative Neurophysiological Changes During Decompressive Surgery for Cervical Myeloradiculopathy Affect Functional Outcome? A Prospective Study

Global Spine Journal ◽

10.1177/2192568220951779 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 219256822095177

Author(s):

Keyur Kantilal Akbari ◽

Vigneshwara Badikillaya ◽

Muralidharan Venkatesan ◽

Sajan K. Hegde

Keyword(s):

Functional Outcome ◽

Evoked Potential ◽

Japanese Orthopaedic Association ◽

Motor Evoked Potential ◽

Functional Improvement ◽

Cervical Compressive Myelopathy ◽

Before And After ◽

Group A ◽

The Mean ◽

Compressive Myelopathy

Study Design: Prospective cohort. Objective: To investigate whether intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) positive changes affect functional outcome after surgical intervention for myeloradiculopathy secondary to cervical compressive pathology (cervical compressive myelopathy). Methods: Twenty-eight patients who underwent cervical spine surgery with IONM for compressive myeloradiculopathy were enrolled. During surgery motor-evoked potential (MEP) and somatosensory evoked potential (SSEP) at baseline and before and after decompression were documented. A decrease in latency >10% or an increase in amplitude >50% was regarded as a “positive changes.” Patients were divided into subgroups based on IONM changes: group A (those with positive changes) and group B (those with no change or deterioration). Nurick grade and modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association (mJOA) score were evaluated before and after surgery. Results: Nine patients (32.1%) showed improvement in MEP. The mean preoperative Nurick grade and mJOA score of group A and B were (2.55 ± 0.83 and 11.11 ± 1.65) and (2.47 ± 0.7 and 11.32 ± 1.24), respectively. The mean postoperative Nurick grade of groups A and B at 6 months was 1.55 ± 0.74 and 1.63 ± 0.46, respectively, and this difference was not significant. The mean postoperative mJOA score of groups A and B at 6 months was 14.3 ± 1.03 and 12.9 ± 0.98, respectively, and this difference was statistically significant ( P = .011). Spearman correlation coefficient showed significant positive correlation between the IONM change and the mJOA score at 6 months postoperatively ( r = 0.47; P = .01). Conclusion: Our study shows that impact of positive changes in MEP during IONM reflect in functional improvement at 6 months postoperatively in cervical compressive myelopathy patients.

Download Full-text