scholarly journals Quantification of carbohydrates in fruit juices using FTIR spectroscopy and multivariate analysis

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loredana F. Leopold ◽  
Nicolae Leopold ◽  
Horst-A. Diehl ◽  
Carmen Socaciu
Keyword(s):  
Ftir Spectroscopy ◽  
Multivariate Statistics ◽  
Sucrose Concentration ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Fruit Juices ◽  
Routine Monitoring ◽  
Sweetness Intensity ◽  
High Sucrose Concentration

A combination of Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and multivariate statistics was applied as screening tool for the quantitative determination of carbohydrates, such as glucose, fructose and sucrose, in 28 processed commercial fruit juices and 5 genuine juices obtained from squeezed fruits. A number of 13 mixtures of glucose, fructose and sucrose standard solutions were prepared at different concentrations, scanned by attenuated total reflectance (ATR) FTIR spectroscopy and analyzed in the 900 and 1400 cm−1spectral range. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the standard carbohydrate solutions enabled a better understanding of the main sources of variability affecting the FTIR spectra. Also, PCA enabled the grouping of apple, orange and peach juices. Calibration models for each carbohydrate, using partial least squares (PLS) regression were developed and used for prediction purposes. Cross-validation procedures indicated correlations of 0.88, 0.92 and 0.98 for glucose, fructose and sucrose, respectively, between HPLC measured values and FTIR first derivative spectra estimates. Carbohydrates in the expected concentration ranges were found for most of the pure fruit labelled juices. The samples with 4–50% pure fruit juice content showed discrepancies from average concentration values of authentic juices, mainly a high sucrose concentration can flag sucrose addition to maintain the juice sweetness intensity. The present results confirmed the efficiency of FTIR spectroscopy, in combination with multivariate statistics, as a rapid, reliable and cost-effective tool for routine monitoring of multiple constituents in fruit juices, as quality indicators.

scholarly journals Quantification of Glucose, Fructose and Sucrose in Apple Juices Using ATR-MIR Spectroscopy Coupled with Chemometry

1970 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Loredana LEOPOLD ◽  
Horst DIEHL ◽  
Carmen SOCACIU
Keyword(s):  
Sucrose Concentration ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Mir Spectroscopy ◽  
Routine Monitoring ◽  
Calibration Models ◽  
Sucrose Solutions ◽  
Sweetness Intensity ◽  
High Sucrose Concentration ◽  
Predicted Values

A combination of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and multivariate statistics (chemometry) was applied as a screening tool for the quantitative determination of carbohydrates, such as glucose, fructose and sucrose, in 11 processed commercial apple juices and 2 genuine juices obtained from squeezed apples. For calibration, a number of 24 mixtures of glucose, fructose and sucrose solutions (synthetic samples), at different concentrations were prepared and scanned in the 885 and 1500 cm-1 spectral range, using attenuated total reflectance (ATR) FTIR spectroscopy. Based on the mixtures spectra in the mid IR (MIR) region, we realized calibration models for each carbohydrate, using partial least squares (PLS) regression. The models were then used to predict the glucose, fructose and sucrose concentration in commercial apple juices, comparatively with concentrations in fresh, genuine juices, in order to assess the juice authenticity. The glucose concentrations (%, w/w) predicted for commercial juices ranged from 1.664 to 3.133 versus 3.1 for genuine fresh juices. The fructose concentrations (%, w/w) predicted for commercial juices ranged from 3.701 to 6.941 versus 9.2 for genuine fresh juices, while the sucrose concentrations (%, w/w) predicted for commercial juices ranged from 0.746 to 5.795 versus 1.38 for genuine fresh juices. The standard deviations of most predicted values are below 10%. Most juices exhibited glucose, fructose and sucrose concentrations in the expected range. However, several samples showed discrepancies from average concentration values, thus the authenticity of these juices could not be confirmed. Also, high sucrose concentration can flag adulterated juices, or indicates sucrose addition to maintain the juice sweetness intensity. Our results indicate ATR-MIR spectroscopy to be a rapid, accurate, non-destructive and cost-effective tool for routine monitoring of multiple constituents in apple juices, as quality and safety indicators.

Monitoring effluent quality in hypertrophic wastewater reservoirs using remote sensing

1996 ◽  
Vol 33 (8) ◽  
pp. 23-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Dor ◽  
N. Ben-Yosef
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Effluent Quality ◽  
Optical Images ◽  
Routine Monitoring ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
Wastewater Quality

About one hundred and fifty wastewater reservoirs store effluents for irrigation in Israel. Effluent qualities differ according to the inflowing wastewater quality, the degree of pretreatment and the operational parameters. Certain aspects of water quality like concentration of organic matter, suspended solids and chlorophyll are significantly correlated with the water column transparency and colour. Accordingly optical images of the reservoirs obtained from the SPOT satellite demonstrate pronounced differences correlated with the water quality. The analysis of satellite multispectral images is based on a theoretical model. The model calculates, using the radiation transfer equation, the volume reflectance of the water body. Satellite images of 99 reservoirs were analyzed in the chromacity space in order to classify them according to water quality. Principal Component Analysis backed by the theoretical model increases the method sensitivity. Further elaboration of this approach will lead to the establishment of a time and cost effective method for the routine monitoring of these hypertrophic wastewater reservoirs.

scholarly journals Vibrational Spectroscopy of Peritoneal Dialysis Effluent for Rapid Assessment of Patient Characteristics

Biomolecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 965
Author(s):  
Tom Grunert ◽  
Rebecca Herzog ◽  
Florian M. Wiesenhofer ◽  
Andreas Vychytil ◽  
Monika Ehling-Schulz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Ftir Spectroscopy ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Rapid Assessment ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
Biological Information ◽  
Molecular Fingerprinting ◽  
Transport Parameters

Peritoneal dialysis (PD) offers specific advantages over hemodialysis, enabling increased autonomy of patients with end-stage renal disease, but PD-related complications need to be detected in a timely manner. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy could provide rapid and essential insights into the patients’ risk profiles via molecular fingerprinting of PD effluent, an abundant waste material that is rich in biological information. In this study, we measured FTIR spectroscopic profiles in PD effluent from patients taking part in a randomized controlled trial of alanyl-glutamine addition to the PD-fluid. Principal component analysis of FTIR spectra enabled us to differentiate between effluent samples from patients immediately after completion of instillation of the PD-fluid into the patients’ cavity and 4 h later as well as between patients receiving PD-fluid supplemented with 8 mM alanyl-glutamine compared with control. Moreover, feasibility of FTIR spectroscopy coupled to supervised classification algorithms to predict patient-, PD-, as well as immune-associated parameters were investigated. PD modality (manual continuous ambulatory PD (CAPD) vs. cycler-assisted automated PD (APD)), residual urine output, ultrafiltration, transport parameters, and cytokine concentrations showed high predictive potential. This study provides proof-of-principle that molecular signatures determined by FTIR spectroscopy of PD effluent, combined with machine learning, are suitable for cost-effective, high-throughput diagnostic purposes in PD.

Detection of enteroviruses in marine waters by direct RT-PCR and cell culture

1995 ◽  
Vol 31 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 323-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. Reynolds ◽  
C. P. Gerba ◽  
I. L. Pepper
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction Amplification ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
The United States ◽  
Water Runoff ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Marine Waters ◽  
Storm Water Runoff ◽  
Routine Monitoring ◽  
Reaction Amplification

Sewage outfalls and storm water runoff introduces pathogenic human enteric viruses into marine coastal waters, which may pose a potential public health risk. Although members of the enterovirus group have been suggested as possible indicators of sewage pollution in marine waters, the lack of rapid, sensitive and cost effective methods have prevented routine monitoring in the United States. This study compared traditional cell culture and direct RT-PCR (reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction) amplification for detection of an enterovirus. Poliovirus could be recovered from 100 L of artificial seawater with an average efficiency of 77%, using adsorption and elution from electronegative filters. Viruses were eluted from the filters with 1.5% beef extract for viruses (BEV) adjusted to pH 9.5 and reconcentrated by organic flocculation to a volume of 30 mL. Substances which interfered with detection by RT-PCR were removed by treatment of the concentrates with sephadex and chelex resins. Direct RT-PCR could detect 2.5 and 0.025 PFU (plaque forming units) for single (25 cycles) and double PCR (2 × 25 cycles) in 10 μL of pure culture poliovirus samples, respectively. These methods are currently being applied to assess the occurrence of enteroviruses at marine bathing beaches influenced by sewage discharges.

scholarly journals Biodegradable and Compostable Shopping Bags under Investigation by FTIR Spectroscopy

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 621
Author(s):  
Silvana Alfei ◽  
Anna Maria Schito ◽  
Guendalina Zuccari
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Ftir Spectroscopy ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Chemometric Methods ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Fresh Food ◽  
Extruded Films ◽  
Productive Process ◽  
Non Destructive

In the recent years, plastic-based shopping bags have become irregular and progressively replaced by compostable ones. To be marketed, these “new plastics” must possess suitable requirements verified by specific bodies, which grant the conformity mark, and the approved physicochemical properties are periodically verified. The fast, inexpensive, non-destructive, easy to use, and reproducible Fourier-Transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is a technique routinely applied to perform analysis in various industrial sectors. To get reliable information from spectral data, chemometric methods, such as Principal Component Analysis (PCA), are commonly suggested. In this context, PCA was herein performed on 4, 5, and 21 × 3251 matrices, collecting the FTIR data from regular and irregular shopping bags, including three freshly extruded films from the Italian industry MecPlast, to predict their compliance with legislation. The results allowed us to unequivocally achieve such information and to classify the bags as suitable for containing fresh food in bulk or only for transport. A self-validated linear model was developed capable to estimate, by acquiring a single FTIR spectrum if, after the productive process, the content of renewable poly-lactic-acid (PLA) in a new produced film respect the expectations. Surprisingly, our findings established that among the grocery bags available on the market, irregular plastic-based shopping bags continue to survive.

scholarly journals Semi-automated regional classification of the style of activity of slow rock-slope deformations using PS InSAR and SqueeSAR velocity data

Landslides ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiara Crippa ◽  
Elena Valbuzzi ◽  
Paolo Frattini ◽  
Giovanni B. Crosta ◽  
Margherita C. Spreafico ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rock Slope ◽  
Progressive Failure ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Displacement Rate ◽  
Machine Learning Classification ◽  
Management Perspective ◽  
Alpine Environments

AbstractLarge slow rock-slope deformations, including deep-seated gravitational slope deformations and large landslides, are widespread in alpine environments. They develop over thousands of years by progressive failure, resulting in slow movements that impact infrastructures and can eventually evolve into catastrophic rockslides. A robust characterization of their style of activity is thus required in a risk management perspective. We combine an original inventory of slow rock-slope deformations with different PS-InSAR and SqueeSAR datasets to develop a novel, semi-automated approach to characterize and classify 208 slow rock-slope deformations in Lombardia (Italian Central Alps) based on their displacement rate, kinematics, heterogeneity and morphometric expression. Through a peak analysis of displacement rate distributions, we characterize the segmentation of mapped landslides and highlight the occurrence of nested sectors with differential activity and displacement rates. Combining 2D decomposition of InSAR velocity vectors and machine learning classification, we develop an automatic approach to characterize the kinematics of each landslide. Then, we sequentially combine principal component and K-medoids cluster analyses to identify groups of slow rock-slope deformations with consistent styles of activity. Our methodology is readily applicable to different landslide datasets and provides an objective and cost-effective support to land planning and the prioritization of local-scale studies aimed at granting safety and infrastructure integrity.

Identification and Quantification of Metamizole in Traditional Herbal Medicines using Spectroscopy FTIR-ATR combined with Chemometrics

2021 ◽  
pp. 4413-4419
Author(s):  
Dharmastuti Cahya Fatmarahmi ◽  
Ratna Asmah Susidarti ◽  
Respati Tri Swasono ◽  
Abdul Rohman
Keyword(s):  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Herbal Medicine ◽  
Ftir Spectroscopy ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Attenuated Total Reflection ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Partial Least Square Regression ◽  
Precision Data

The study aims to develop an effective, efficient, and reliable method using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy with Attenuated Total Reflection (ATR) combined with chemometric for identifying the synthetic drug in Indonesian herbal medicine known as Jamu. Jamu powders, Metamizole, and the binary mixture of Jamu and Metamizole were measured using FTIR-ATR at the mid-infrared region (4000-650 cm-1). The obtained spectra profiles were further analyzed by Principal Component Analysis, Partial Least Square Regression, Principal Component Regression, and Discriminant Analysis. Jamu Pegel Linu (JPL), Jamu Encok (JE), Jamu Sakit Pinggang (JSP), Metamizole (M), and adulterated Jamu by Metamizole were discriminated well on PCA score plot. PLSR and PCR showed the accuracy and precision data to quantify JPL, JE, and JSP, and each adulterated by M with R2 value > 0,995 and low value of RMSEC and RMSEP. Discriminant Analysis (DA) was successfully grouping Jamu and Metamizole without any misclassification. A combination of FTIR spectroscopy and chemometrics offered useful tools for detecting Metamizole in traditional herbal medicine.

scholarly journals Qualitative Analysis of Traditional Italian Dishes: FTIR Approach

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 4112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Durazzo ◽  
Johannes Kiefer ◽  
Massimo Lucarini ◽  
Emanuela Camilli ◽  
Stefania Marconi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Ftir Spectroscopy ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Food Systems ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Spectroscopic Characterization ◽  
Cooking Methods ◽  
Food Research ◽  
The Individual

Italian cuisine and its traditional recipes experience an ever-increasing popularity around the world. The “Integrated Approach” is the key to modern food research and the innovative challenge for analyzing and modeling agro-food systems in their totality. The present study aims at applying and evaluating Fourier Transformed Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy for the analysis of complex food matrices and food preparations. Nine traditional Italian recipes, including First courses, One-dish meals, Side courses, and Desserts, were selected and experimentally prepared. Prior to their analysis via FTIR spectroscopy, the samples were homogenized and lyophilized. The IR spectroscopic characterization and the assignment of the main bands was carried out. Numerous peaks, which correspond to functional groups and modes of vibration of the individual components, were highlighted. The spectra are affected by both the preparation procedures, the cooking methods, and the cooking time. The qualitative analysis of the major functional groups can serve as a basis for a discrimination of the products and the investigation of fraud. For this purpose, the FTIR spectra were evaluated using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Our results show how the utilization of vibrational spectroscopy combined with a well-established chemometric data analysis method represents a potentially powerful tool in research linked to the food sector and beyond. This study is a first step towards the development of new indicators of food quality.

Piper nigrum Oil – Determination of Selected Terpenes for Quality Evaluation

Planta Medica ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 85 (03) ◽  
pp. 185-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mei Wang ◽  
Amar Chittiboyina ◽  
Jon Parcher ◽  
Zulfiqar Ali ◽  
Paul Ford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Evaluation ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Black Pepper ◽  
Piper Nigrum ◽  
Ms Analysis ◽  
Chemical Profiles ◽  
High Concentrations

AbstractThe growing demand and commercial value of black pepper (Piper nigrum) has resulted in considerable interest in developing suitable and cost-effective methods for chemical characterization and quality evaluation purposes. In the current study, an extensive set of oil samples (n = 23) that were extracted by steam distillation from black pepper seeds was investigated to compare the chemical profiles of samples originating from nine major producing countries, as well as to identify potential chemical markers for quality evaluation. The twenty-two most abundant volatile compounds, mainly terpenes, in these oils were determined by conventional GC/MS analysis. Principal component analysis with this set of data revealed distinct clusters for samples that originated from China and Malaysia. Relatively low concentrations of sabinene (< 0.2%) and high concentrations of 3-carene (10.9 – 21.1%) were observed in these samples, respectively, compared to oil samples from other countries. The enantiomeric distributions of key terpene markers, viz., β-pinene, sabinene, limonene, and terpinen-4-ol, were determined by chiral GC/MS analysis. Interestingly, for these four monoterpenes, levo-isomers were found to be predominant, emphasizing the highly conserved enzymatic processes occurring in P. nigrum. Moreover, consistent enantiomeric ratios ((−) isomer/(+) isomer) of 92.2 ± 3.0% for β-pinene, 94.8 ± 2.8% for sabinene, 60.7 ± 1.1% for limonene, and 78.3 ± 1.3% for terpinen-4-ol were observed, independent of geographical location. These results demonstrate the potential of using stereospecific compositions as chiral signatures for establishing the authenticity and quality of black pepper oil.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document