scholarly journals Toolkit for Monitoring and Evaluation of Indoor Residual Spraying for Visceral Leishmaniasis Control in the Indian Subcontinent: Application and Results

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Mamun Huda ◽  
Dinesh Mondal ◽  
Vijay Kumar ◽  
Pradeep Das ◽  
S. N. Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Indoor Residual Spraying ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
Kala Azar ◽  
Timely Response ◽  
The Impact ◽  
District Offices ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Limited Coverage

Background. We field tested and validated a newly developed monitoring and evaluation (M&E) toolkit for indoor residual spraying to be used by the supervisors at different levels of the national kala-azar elimination programs in Bangladesh, India and Nepal.Methods. Methods included document analysis, in-depth interviews, direct observation of spraying squads, and entomological-chemical assessments (bioassay, susceptibility test, chemical analysis of insecticide residues on sprayed surfaces, vector density measurements at baseline, and three follow-up surveys).Results. We found that the documentation at district offices was fairly complete; important shortcomings included insufficient training of spraying squads and supervisors, deficient spray equipment, poor spraying performance, lack of protective clothing, limited coverage of houses resulting in low bioavailability of the insecticide on sprayed surfaces, and reduced vector susceptibility to DDT in India, which limited the impact on vector densities.Conclusion. The M&E toolkit is a useful instrument for detecting constraints in IRS operations and to trigger timely response.

scholarly journals Insights from mathematical modelling and quantitative analysis on the proposed WHO 2030 targets for visceral leishmaniasis on the Indian subcontinent

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 1651
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
District Level ◽  
World Health ◽  
Kala Azar ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Impact

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a neglected tropical disease (NTD) caused by Leishmania protozoa that are transmitted by female sand flies. On the Indian subcontinent (ISC), VL is targeted by the World Health Organization (WHO) for elimination as a public health problem by 2020, which is defined as <1 VL case (new and relapse) per 10,000 population at district level in Nepal and sub-district level in Bangladesh and India. WHO is currently in the process of formulating 2030 targets, asking whether to maintain the 2020 target or to modify it, while adding a target of zero mortality among detected cases. The NTD Modelling Consortium has developed various mathematical VL transmission models to gain insight into the transmission dynamics of VL, identify the main knowledge gaps, and predict the feasibility of achieving and sustaining the targets by simulating the impact of varying intervention strategies. According to the models, the current target is feasible at the appropriate district/sub-district level in settings with medium VL endemicities (up to 5 reported VL cases per 10,000 population per year) prior to the start of the interventions. However, in settings with higher pre-control endemicities, additional efforts may be required. We also highlight the risk that those with post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL) may pose to reaching and sustaining the VL targets, and therefore advocate adding control of PKDL cases to the new 2030 targets. Spatial analyses revealed that local hotspots with high VL incidence remain. We warn that the current target provides a perverse incentive to not detect/report cases as the target is approached, posing a risk for truly achieving elimination as a public health problem although this is taken into consideration by the WHO procedures for validation. Ongoing modelling work focuses on the risk of recrudescence when interventions are relaxed after the elimination target has been achieved.

scholarly journals Aggressive mosquito fauna and malaria transmission in a forest area targeted for the creation of an agro-industrial complex in the south of Cameroon

2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 380
Author(s):  
P. Ntonga Akono ◽  
C. Tonga ◽  
O.E. Ngo Hondt ◽  
M.F. Peka Nsangou ◽  
R. Ngaha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Malaria Transmission ◽  
Indoor Residual Spraying ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Degraded Forest ◽  
The South ◽  
Main Road ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Impact

Baseline entomological information should be collected before the implementation of industrial projects in malaria endemic areas. This allows for subsequent monitoring and evaluation of the project impact on malaria vectors. This study aimed at assessing the vectorial system and malaria transmission in two ecologically different villages of the South-Cameroon forest bloc targeted for the creation of an agro-industrial complex. For four consecutive seasons in 2013, adult mosquitoes were captured using Human Landing Catch in NDELLE village (located along a main road in a degraded forest with many fish ponds) and KOMBO village (located 5km far from the main road in a darker forest and crossed by the Mvobo River). Morpho-taxonomic techniques were used alongside molecular techniques for the identification of mosquito species. ELISA test was used for the detection of circumsporozoite protein antigen of <em>Plasmodium falciparum</em>. Mosquito biting rate was higher in NDELLE than in KOMBO (28.18 <em>versus</em> 17.34 bites per person per night). Mosquitoes had a strong tendency to endophagy both in NDELLE (73.57%) and KOMBO (70.21%). Three anophelines species were identified; <em>An. gambiae</em>, <em>An. funestus</em> s.s and <em>An. moucheti</em> s.s.. <em>An. gambiae</em> and <em>An. funestus</em> s.s. represented the bulk of aggressive mosquitoes in NDELLE (n=10,891; 96.62%). <em>An. gambiae</em> was responsible for 62.6% and 77.72% of malaria transmission in KOMBO and NDELLE respectively. Mean entomological inoculation rate recorded in KOMBO and NDELLE were 4.82 and 2.02 infective bites per person per night respectively. Vector control was mainly based on the use of long-lasting insecticidal nets and indoor residual spraying. The degraded forest environment added to the presence of fishponds resulted in the increase of aggressive mosquito density but not of malaria transmission. The managers should use these data for monitoring and evaluation of the impact of their project; malaria control strategies should be included in their project in order to mitigate the risk of increased malaria transmission as a result of the implementation of their projects.

Providing trauma-informed pediatric care for underserved populations: Reflections on a teaching intervention

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-36
Author(s):  
Sandra H. Jee ◽  
Anne-Marie Conn ◽  
Andrea Milne-Wenderlich ◽  
Catherine Krafft ◽  
Michael Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Focus Groups ◽  
Underserved Populations ◽  
Social Needs ◽  
Pediatric Care ◽  
Care Practice ◽  
Trauma Informed ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Depth Interviews

National organizations call for providing trauma-informed care (TIC) to those who have experienced adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and to the population as a whole. All providers and staff are at risk for experiencing stress and burnout when they care for patients with multiple complex needs and insufficient resources. All are at risk but not all develop burnout. This study shares findings from a pilot project to implement training on ACEs and toxic stress in a busy urban pediatric primary care practice. Using a mixed-methods approach, we assessed pre and post self-reported knowledge and attitudes via surveys ( n = 52), baseline in-depth interviews ( n = 16), focus groups (three groups, n = 36), and follow-up interviews ( n = 13). After training, staff reported a marginally significant increase in rating the office as doing a good job meeting the needs of families around childhood trauma (72% vs. 46%, p = 0.057). Key themes from baseline in-depth interviews and focus groups identified the following: (1) pervasiveness of trauma and adversity among families in the practice, (2) empathy for families with significant social needs, (3) feelings of frustration to alleviate stressors identified during visits, (4) need for social support and coping mechanisms to alleviate workplace stress, and (5) receptiveness to enhance knowledge and understanding. Key themes from follow-up interviews and focus groups highlighted the impact of compassion fatigue and strategies to promote self-care. We discuss these findings and challenges in relation to providing TIC and professional development.

scholarly journals COVID-19 and shielding: Experiences of UK patients with lupus and related diseases

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie Sloan ◽  
Caroline Gordon ◽  
Elliott Lever ◽  
Rupert Harwood ◽  
Michael A Bosley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Self Identity ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Social Mixing ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Mixing Behaviour

Abstract Objective The UK’s shielding guidance for the ‘clinically extremely vulnerable’ (CEV) commenced on 23 March 2020 in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of this study was to explore the impact of the pandemic and shielding on patients with lupus and related systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (SARDs). Methods This was a mixed-methods cohort study (N = 111) including pre-lockdown baseline surveys (March 2020), follow-up surveys (June 2020), and in-depth interviews during July 2020 (N = 25). Results Most participants had a high level of anxiety regarding their mortality risk from COVID-19 and supported the shielding concept. Shielding allocations and communications were perceived as inconsistently applied and delivered. Over half of those not classified as CEV reported feeling abandoned, at increased risk and with no support. Shielding communications increased feelings of being ‘cared about’, yet also increased fear, and the ‘vulnerable’ labelling was perceived by some to damage social- and self-identity. Over 80% of those classified as CEV stated that the classification and subsequent communications had changed their social-mixing behaviour. Despite many negative impacts of COVID-19 and shielding/lockdown being identified, including isolation, fear and reduced medical care, the during-pandemic quantitative data showed increases in most measures of well-being (which was low at both timepoints) from pre-lockdown, including reductions in the impact of fatigue and pain (Ps &lt; 0.001). Conclusion Shielding classifications and communications were generally positively viewed, although perceived as inconsistently delivered and anxiety-provoking. More frequent positively-framed communication and wellbeing support could benefit all SARD patients. Slower-paced ‘lockdown’ lifestyles may confer health/wellbeing benefits for some people with chronic diseases.

scholarly journals A randomized, open-label study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of liposomal amphotericin B (AmBisome) versus miltefosine in patients with post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis

2021 ◽  
Vol 87 ◽  
pp. 34-41
Author(s):  
Krishna Pandey ◽  
Biplab Pal ◽  
Niyamat Ali Siddiqui ◽  
Chandra Shekhar Lal ◽  
Vahab Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Liposomal Amphotericin ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Liposomal Amphotericin B ◽  
Cure Rate ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Kala Azar ◽  
Lost To Follow Up

Background: Treatment of post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis cases is of paramount importance for kala-azar elimination; however, limited treatment regimens are available as of now. Aim: To compare the effectiveness of liposomal amphotericin B vs miltefosine in post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis patients. Methodology: This was a randomized, open-label, parallel-group study. A total of 100 patients of post kala azar dermal leishmaniasis, aged between 5 and 65 years were recruited, 50 patients in each group A (liposomal amphotericin B) and B (miltefosine). Patients were randomized to receive either liposomal amphotericin B (30 mg/kg), six doses each 5 mg/kg, biweekly for 3 weeks or miltefosine 2.5 mg/kg or 100 mg/day for 12 weeks. All the patients were followed at 3rd, 6th and 12th months after the end of the treatment. Results: In the liposomal amphotericin B group, two patients were lost to follow-up, whereas four patients were lost to follow-up in the miltefosine group. The initial cure rate by “intention to treat analysis” was 98% and 100% in liposomal amphotericin B and miltefosine group, respectively. The final cure rate by “per protocol analysis” was 74.5% and 86.9% in liposomal amphotericin B and miltefosine, respectively. Twelve patients (25.5%) in the liposomal amphotericin B group and six patients (13%) in the miltefosine group relapsed. None of the patients in either group developed any serious adverse events. Limitations: Quantitative polymerase chain reaction was not performed at all the follow-up visits and sample sizes. Conclusion: Efficacy of miltefosine was found to be better than liposomal amphotericin B, hence, the use of miltefosine as first-line therapy for post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis needs to be continued. However, liposomal amphotericin B could be considered as one of the treatment options for the elimination of kala-azar from the Indian subcontinent.

‘It's Okay for a Man to Snore’: The Influence of Gender on Sleep Disruption in Couples

2007 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 159-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Venn
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Sleep Disruption ◽  
Audio Tape ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Sleep Diaries ◽  
Disturbed Sleep ◽  
Physical Effects ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Depth Interviews

Snoring is a common cause of disturbed sleep for both the snorer and their partner. Whilst the physical effects of snoring are well documented as causing excessive daytime sleepiness, decreased effectiveness at work and irritability, it is also important to recognise the impact snoring has on the negotiation of sleep within couple relationships. This article analyses qualitative data from an ESRC funded multi-disciplinary project on couples’ sleep based on in-depth audio-tape recorded interviews with 31 couples (aged 20-59) where either one or both partners snore. Additionally, one week's audio sleep diaries were completed and follow up separate in-depth interviews were undertaken with each partner. The gendered nature and implications of snoring are analysed. Results indicate that there is a gendered conception of snoring, which is problematic for women in three ways. First, women who snore are embarrassed and stigmatised by this ‘unfeminine’ action. Secondly, the embarrassment that women feel about their snoring is compounded by their partners sharing that information outside the privacy of their relationship. Thirdly, by finding excuses for their male partners’ snoring, as well as developing strategies to cope with its disruptive effects, most women are prioritising their partners’ sleep over their own, and perpetuating their own sleep disruption.

scholarly journals Efectos de la pandemia por Covid-19 sobre la calidad de vida de los pacientes con Esclerosis Lateral Amiotrófica

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 581-600
Author(s):  
Sara Bermudo Fuenmayor ◽  
Pedro Jesús Serrano Castro ◽  
Pablo Quiroga Subirana ◽  
Tesifón Parrón Carreño
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
Calidad De Vida ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Para Determinar ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis

Introducción: En los últimos meses, la irrupción del SARS-CoV-2 como pandemia mundial ha causado un impacto devastador en la sanidad a nivel mundial. Los sistemas sanitarios se han visto desbordados, y el seguimiento de aquellos pacientes que requieren un control y evaluación continuos, como es el caso de la Esclerosis Lateral Amiotrófica (ELA), se han visto afectados negativamente.Material y Método: Se ha llevado a cabo una búsqueda de la literatura actual para determinar el impacto de la pandemia de Covid-19 sobre la calidad de vida de los pacientes diagnosticados de Esclerosis Lateral Amiotrófica y su familia.Resultados: El diagnóstico, tratamiento, seguimiento y cuidados domiciliarios de estos pacientes se han visto modificados, adaptándolos en la medida de los posible, a la tecnología y los recursos disponibles para tratar de reducir al mínimo la pérdida de calidad de vida de los pacientes diagnosticados de Esclerosis Lateral Amiotrófica y asegurando la atención integral.Conclusión: A pesar de los numerosos esfuerzo y avances en la investigación, tanto en el caso de la ELA como en la COVID-19, queda mucho camino por andar. Introduction: In recent months, the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 as a global pandemic has caused a devastating impact on health worldwide. Health systems have been overwhelmed, and the follow-up of those patients who require continuous monitoring and evaluation, such as Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), have been negatively affected.Material and method: A search of the current literature has been carried out to determine the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the quality of life of patients diagnosed with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and their family.Results:The diagnosis, treatment, follow-up and home care of these patients have been modified, adapting them as much as possible to the technology and available resources to try to minimize the loss of quality of life of patients diagnosed with Sclerosis Amyotrophic lateral and ensuring comprehensive care.Conclusion: Despite numerous efforts and advances in research, both in the case of ALS and COVID-19, there is still a long way to go.

scholarly journals Elephant in the room : a study of the impact of emotional experiences on burnout among Chinese reporters

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Lei Guo
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Labor ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Job Burnout ◽  
Surface Acting ◽  
Depth Interview ◽  
Natural Expression ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Empirical Implications

This dissertation is conceived to examine the emotional labor of Chinese frontline reporters and its effects on their job burnout. For both detailed descriptive and generalizable findings, the mixed-method approach combining qualitative in-depth interviews with 31 reporters and a quantitative survey with 276 reporters was employed in the study. Findings from the in-depth interview demonstrate that reporters' emotional labor engagement mainly occurs while interacting with their subjects. In response to different scenarios and the subject personalities, they leverage various emotional labor strategies, including surface acting, deep acting, and natural expression to express desirable emotions. Additionally, according to their description, reporters' daily journalistic practices, occupational attitudes, mental and physical well-being, as well as personal life might be impacted by their involvement in the complex emotional mechanism. The follow-up survey reveals the effect of the demand on emotions at work and reporters' experience of engaging in surface acting magnify their levels of job burnout. Meanwhile, the use of problem-focused coping strategies can reduce reporters' job burnout caused by emotional labor engagement. Findings in this study fill the gap in understanding the mechanism of reporters' emotional labor engagement and its impacts on their job burnout. The theoretical and empirical implications of these findings are discussed.

scholarly journals Implementasi program desa vokasi berbasis pelatihan kewirausahan tata boga

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-145
Author(s):  
Norma Laili Ikhsan
Keyword(s):  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Managerial Ability ◽  
Entrepreneurship Training ◽  
Motivational Support ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Descriptive Approach ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Village

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui implementasi program pelatihan kewirausahaan tata boga di Desa Vokasi Grujugan, Penilaian hasil, faktor pendukung dan penghambat kegiatan usaha, dan dampak program. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif. Subjek penelitian adalah pengelola, tutor, peserta didik di Desa Vokasi Grujugan. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode observasi, wawancara, dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data melalui reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan sebagai berikut. (1) Implementasi pelatihan kewirausahaan tata boga Desa Vokasi Grujugan terdiri atas empat tahap yaitu tahap persiapan, pelaksanaan, monitoring dan evaluasi, dan tindak lanjut. (2) Penilaian hasil pelatihan menunjukan terjadi perubahan sikap peserta didik dalam menjalankan kegiatan usaha mandiri. (3) Faktor mendukung meliputi motivasi; perencanaan yang baik; pendampingan usaha yang baik; dan kemampuan mengenal peluang, kesempatan. Faktor penghambat meliputi kurangnya pengalaman, kemampuan manajerial dan SDM; kurangnya modal, kemampuan mengatur aliran kas dan kemampuan dalam kemampuan menghadapi resiko. (4) Dampak pelaksanaan program, meliputi: peningkatan ketrampilan (SDM), kemampuan berwirausaha, peningkatan status sosial, peningkatan aspek sosial ekonomi. The Implementation of the Vocational Village Program Based on Culinary Entrepreneurship Training AbstractThe purpose of this study was to determine The implementation of entrepreneurship training program in the village of vocational culinary Grujugan, the rating results, the factors supporting and hindering business activity, and the impact of the program. This study used a qualitative descriptive approach. Subjects were managers, tutors, learners in vocational Grujugan village. The data collection is done by using the method of observation, interviews, documentation. Mechanical analysis of data through data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion. Results of the study revealed the following. (1) The Implementation of entrepreneurship training vocational culinary Grujugan village consists of four phases: preparation, implementation, monitoring and evaluation, and follow-up. (2)The ratings training results indicate a change in attitudes of learners in running an independent business. (3) The factors include motivational support; good planning; Good business assistance; and the ability to recognize an opportunity, a chance. Inhibiting factors include a lack of experience, managerial ability and resources; lack of capital, the ability to manage cash flow and ability to ability to face risks. (4) The impact of the implementation of the program, including: increasing the skills (human resources), entrepreneurship skills, increase social status, improvement of socio-economic aspects.Keywords: 

Sound Production Treatment for Acquired Apraxia of Speech: An Examination of Dosage in Relation to Probe Performance

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Julie L. Wambaugh ◽  
Lydia Kallhoff ◽  
Christina Nessler
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Analysis ◽  
Sound Production ◽  
Apraxia Of Speech ◽  
Practice Schedule ◽  
Practice Schedules ◽  
Baseline Performance ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Number Of Treatment ◽  
The Impact

Purpose This study was designed to examine the association of dosage and effects of Sound Production Treatment (SPT) for acquired apraxia of speech. Method Treatment logs and probe data from 20 speakers with apraxia of speech and aphasia were submitted to a retrospective analysis. The number of treatment sessions and teaching episodes was examined relative to (a) change in articulation accuracy above baseline performance, (b) mastery of production, and (c) maintenance. The impact of practice schedule (SPT-Blocked vs. SPT-Random) was also examined. Results The average number of treatment sessions conducted prior to change was 5.4 for SPT-Blocked and 3.9 for SPT-Random. The mean number of teaching episodes preceding change was 334 for SPT-Blocked and 179 for SPT-Random. Mastery occurred within an average of 13.7 sessions (1,252 teaching episodes) and 12.4 sessions (1,082 teaching episodes) for SPT-Blocked and SPT-Random, respectively. Comparisons of dosage metric values across practice schedules did not reveal substantial differences. Significant negative correlations were found between follow-up probe performance and the dosage metrics. Conclusions Only a few treatment sessions were needed to achieve initial positive changes in articulation, with mastery occurring within 12–14 sessions for the majority of participants. Earlier occurrence of change or mastery was associated with better follow-up performance. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12592190

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