scholarly journals A Role of Fluoride on Free Radical Generation and Oxidative Stress in BV-2 Microglia Cells

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xi Shuhua ◽  
Liu Ziyou ◽  
Yan Ling ◽  
Wang Fei ◽  
Guifan Sun
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Microglia Cell ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Radical Generation ◽  
Oxide Synthase ◽  
Cell Medium ◽  
Dose Dependent

The generation of ROS and lipid peroxidation has been considered to play an important role in the pathogenesis of chronic fluoride toxicity. In the present study, we observed that fluoride activated BV-2 microglia cell line by observing OX-42 expression in immunocytochemistry. Intracellular superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), reactive oxygen species (ROS), superoxide anions (O2∙-), nitric oxide synthase (NOS), nitrotyrosine (NT) and nitric oxide (NO), NOS in cell medium were determined for oxidative stress assessment. Our study found that NaF of concentration from 5 to 20 mg/L can stimuli BV-2 cells to change into activated microglia displaying upregulated OX-42 expression. SOD activities significantly decreased in fluoride-treated BV-2 cells as compared with control, and MDA concentrations and contents of ROS andO2∙-increased in NaF-treated cells. Activities of NOS in cells and medium significantly increased with fluoride concentrations in a dose-dependent manner. NT concentrations also increased significantly in 10 and 50 mg/L NaF-treated cells compared with the control cells. Our present study demonstrated that toxic effects of fluoride on the central nervous system possibly partly ascribed to activiting of microglia, which enhanced oxidative stress induced by ROS and reactive nitrogen species.

Inhibition of nitric oxide synthase produces hypothermia and depresses lipopolysaccharide fever

1996 ◽  
Vol 271 (2) ◽  
pp. R333-R338 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. E. Scammell ◽  
J. K. Elmquist ◽  
C. B. Saper
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Febrile Response ◽  
Bolus Intravenous Injection ◽  
Nos Inhibitor ◽  
Oxide Synthase ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Higher Doses

The labile gas nitric oxide (NO) mediates a wide variety of thermoregulatory processes including vasomotor control, brown fat thermogenesis, and neuroendocrine regulation. Additionally, during endotoxemia, NO modulates the release of cytokines and hypothalamic peptides. To determine the role of NO in thermoregulation and fever, we intravenously injected the NO synthase (NOS) inhibitor NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) and measured its effects on body temperature during normal thermoregulation and endotoxemia in awake, unrestrained rats. L-NAME produced a stereoselective, dose-dependent hypothermia that lasted up to 4 h after bolus intravenous injection. Intravenous lipopolysaccharide (LPS) produced fever in a dose-dependent manner, which was preceded by hypothermia at higher doses alpha-LPS. NOS inhibition reduced the febrile response to LPS and produced marked hypothermia with a low dose of LPS. These findings indicate that NO may play an important role in thermoregulation and suggest that NO is required for the production of fever.

Dose-dependent effects of nitric oxide synthase inhibition on systemic and renal hemodynamics in conscious lambs

1999 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alp Sener ◽  
Francine G Smith
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Vascular Resistance ◽  
Renal Hemodynamics ◽  
Renal Vascular Resistance ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Oxide Synthase ◽  
Renal Vascular ◽  
Dose Dependent

The present experiments were carried out to determine the role of nitric oxide in influencing systemic and renal hemodynamics in conscious young sheep. Parameters of cardiovascular function were measured before and for 4 h after intravenous injection of either L-NAME (NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester) or D-NAME (NG-nitro-D-arginine methyl ester) at doses of 10, 20, or 40 mg/kg in 13 conscious, chronically instrumented young sheep aged 43 ± 5 days. Blood pressure increased and heart rate decreased in a dose-dependent manner following administration of L-NAME. Renal vascular resistance was increased for 10 min following a dose of 10 mg/kg of L-NAME and for 120 min following a dose of 40 mg/kg of L-NAME. The renal vasodilatory response to close arterial injection of 1 µg/kg of acetylcholine was attenuated by L-NAME in a dose-dependent manner. These experiments provide the first information that under normal physiological conditions in conscious young animals, nitric oxide influences systemic and renal hemodynamics.Key words: renal vascular resistance, renal blood flow, maturation, sheep, vascular tone, nitric oxide, endothelial-derived relaxing factor, L-NAME (NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester).

Suppressive effects of sulfated polysaccharide ascophyllan isolated from Ascophyllum nodosum on the production of NO and ROS in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 882-889
Author(s):  
Yan Liang ◽  
Shijiao Zha ◽  
Masanobu Tentaku ◽  
Takasi Okimura ◽  
Zedong Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Ascophyllum Nodosum ◽  
Sulfated Polysaccharide ◽  
Intracellular Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Raw264.7 Cells ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Oxide Synthase ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Inducible Nitric Oxide

ABSTRACT In this study, we found that a sulfated polysaccharide isolated from the brown alga Ascophyllum nodosum, ascophyllan, showed suppressive effects on stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Ascophyllan significantly inhibited expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase mRNA and excessive production of nitric oxide (NO) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells in a dose-dependent manner without affecting the viability of RAW264.7 cells. Ascophyllan also reduced the elevated level of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Furthermore, preincubation with ascophyllan resulted in concentration-dependent decrease in ROS production in phorbol 12-myristate-13-acetate-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Our results suggest that ascophyllan can exhibit anti-inflammatory effects on stimulated macrophages mainly through the attenuation of NO and ROS productions.

Inducible nitric oxide synthase augments injury elicited by oxidative stress in rat cardiac myocytes

1998 ◽  
Vol 274 (1) ◽  
pp. C245-C252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junsuke Igarashi ◽  
Masashi Nishida ◽  
Shiro Hoshida ◽  
Nobushige Yamashita ◽  
Hiroaki Kosaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Cardiac Myocytes ◽  
Myocardial Injury ◽  
No Production ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner ◽  
No Donor ◽  
Oxide Synthase ◽  
Gpx Activity

The effects of nitric oxide (NO) produced by cardiac inducible NO synthase (iNOS) on myocardial injury after oxidative stress were examined. Interleukin-1β induced cultured rat neonatal cardiac myocytes to express iNOS. After induction of iNOS,l-arginine enhanced NO production in a concentration-dependent manner. Glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activity in myocytes was attenuated by elevated iNOS activity and by an NO donor, S-nitroso- N-acetyl-penicillamine (SNAP). Although NO production by iNOS did not induce myocardial injury, NO augmented release of lactate dehydrogenase from myocyte cultures after addition of H2O2(0.1 mM, 1 h). Inhibition of iNOS with Nω-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester ameliorated the effects of NO-enhancing treatments on myocardial injury and GPX activity. SNAP augmented the myocardial injury induced by H2O2. Inhibition of GPX activity with antisense oligodeoxyribonucleotide for GPX mRNA increased myocardial injury by H2O2. Results suggest that the induction of cardiac iNOS promotes myocardial injury due to oxidative stress via inactivation of the intrinsic antioxidant enzyme, GPX.

Abstract 103: ACE2 Overexpression Prevents DOCA-Salt Hypertension by Modulating Oxidative Stress and Nitric Oxide in the Central Nervous System

Hypertension ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Srinivas Sriramula ◽  
Huijing Xia ◽  
Eric Lazartigues
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Nadph Oxidase ◽  
Salt Treatment ◽  
Salt Hypertension ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Oxide Synthase ◽  
Endothelial Nitric Oxide

Elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the central nervous system (CNS) through NADPH oxidase and diminished Nitric oxide (NO) levels are involved in the pathogenesis of hypertension. We previously reported that central Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) overexpression prevents the development of hypertension induced by DOCA-salt in a transgenic mouse model (syn-hACE2; SA) with human ACE2 targeted selectively to neurons in the CNS. While baseline blood pressure (BP; telemetry) was not different among genotypes, DOCA-salt treatment (1mg/g body wt DOCA, 1% saline in drinking water for 3 weeks) resulted in significantly lower BP level in SA mice (122 ±3 mmHg, n=12) compared to non-transgenic (NT) littermates (138 ±3 mmHg, n=8). To elucidate the mechanisms involved in this response, we investigated the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) expression of Nox-2 (catalytic subunit of NADPH oxidase), 3-nitrotyrosine, and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and anti-oxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase in the hypothalamus. DOCA-salt treatment resulted in decreased catalase (95.2 ±5.6 vs. 113.8 ±17.6 mmol/min/ml, p<0.05) and SOD (4.1 ±0.4 vs. 5.9 ±0.2 U/ml, p<0.01) activities in hypothalamic homogenates of NT mice, which was prevented by ACE2 overexpression (141.8 ±9.9 vs. 142.1 ±9.2 mmol/min/ml and 5.9 ±0.3 vs. 7.9 ±0.2 U/ml, respectively). NT mice treated with DOCA-salt showed increased oxidative stress as indicated by increased expression of Nox-2 (61 ±5 % increase, n=9, p<0.001 vs. NT) and 3-nitrotyrosine (89 ±32 % increase, n=9, p<0.01 vs. NT) in the PVN which was attenuated in SA mice. Furthermore, DOCA-salt hypertension resulted in decreased phosphorylation of eNOS-ser1177 in the PVN (33 ±5 % decrease, n=9, p<0.05 vs NT) and this decrease was prevented by ACE2 overexpression. Taken together, these data provide evidence that brain ACE2 regulates the balance between NO and ROS levels, thereby preventing the development of DOCA-salt hypertension.

scholarly journals Antineuroinflammatory Activities and Neurotoxicological Assessment of Curcumin Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles on LPS-Stimulated BV-2 Microglia Cell Models

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 1170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Palanivel Ganesan ◽  
Byungwook Kim ◽  
Prakash Ramalingam ◽  
Govindarajan Karthivashan ◽  
Vishnu Revuri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid Lipid Nanoparticles ◽  
Lipid Nanoparticles ◽  
Brain Cells ◽  
No Production ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Microglia Cell ◽  
Solid Lipid ◽  
Cytokine Levels ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Dose Dependent

Curcumin, which is a potential antineuroinflammatory and neuroprotective compound, exhibits poor bioavailability in brain cells due to its difficulty in crossing the blood–brain barrier and its rapid metabolism during circulation, which decreases its efficacy in treating chronic neuroinflammatory diseases in the central nervous system. The bioavailability and potential of curcumin can be improved by using a nanodelivery system, which includes solid lipid nanoparticles. Curcumin-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (SLCN) were efficiently developed to have a particle size of about 86 nm and do not exhibit any toxicity in the endothelial brain cells. Furthermore, the curcumin-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (SLCN) were studied to assess their efficacy in BV-2 microglial cells against LPS-induced neuroinflammation. The SLCN showed a higher inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) production compared to conventional curcumin in a dose-dependent manner. Similarly, the mRNA and proinflammatory cytokine levels were also reduced in a dose-dependent manner when compared to those with free curcumin. Thus, SLCN could be a potential delivery system for curcumin to treat microglia-mediated neuroinflammation.

Role of Nitric Oxide towards Vasodilator Effects of Substance P and ATP in Human Forearm Vessels

1997 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masanari Shiramoto ◽  
Tsutomu Imaizumi ◽  
Yoshitaka Hirooka ◽  
Toyonari Endo ◽  
Takashi Namba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Substance P ◽  
Sodium Nitroprusside ◽  
Forearm Blood Flow ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Human Forearm ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Dose Dependent

1. It has been shown in animals that substance P as well as acetylcholine releases endothelium-derived nitric oxide and evokes vasodilatation and that ATP-induced vasodilatation is partially mediated by nitric oxide. The aim of this study was to examine whether vasodilator effects of substance P and ATP are mediated by nitric oxide in humans. 2. In healthy volunteers (n = 35), we measured forearm blood flow by a strain-gauge plethysmograph while infusing graded doses of acetylcholine, substance P, ATP or sodium nitroprusside into the brachial artery before and after infusion of NG-monomethyl-l-arginine (4 or 8 μmol/min for 5 min). In addition, we measured forearm blood flow while infusing substance P before and during infusion of l-arginine (10 mg/min, simultaneously), or before and 1 h after oral administration of indomethacin (75 mg). 3. Acetylcholine, substance P, ATP or sodium nitroprusside increased forearm blood flow in a dose-dependent manner. NG-Monomethyl-l-arginine decreased basal forearm blood flow and inhibited acetylcholine-induced vasodilatation but did not affect substance P-, ATP-, or sodium nitroprusside-induced vasodilatation. Neither supplementation of l-arginine nor pretreatment with indomethacin affected substance P-induced vasodilatation. 4. Our results suggest that, in the human forearm vessels, substance P-induced vasodilatation may not be mediated by either nitric oxide or prostaglandins and that ATP-induced vasodilatation may also not be mediated by nitric oxide.

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