scholarly journals Host Plant and Leaf-Age Preference ofLuprops tristis(Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Lagriinae: Lupropini): A Home Invading Nuisance Pest in Rubber Plantation Belts

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabu K. Thomas ◽  
Mohandas Greeshma ◽  
P. Aswathi
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Leaf Age ◽  
Leaf Disc ◽  
Rubber Plantation ◽  
Manilkara Zapota ◽  
Rubber Plantations ◽  
The Western Ghats

Massive seasonal invasion by the litter-dwelling beetleLuprops tristis, into residential buildings prior to monsoon rains, and their prolonged state of dormancy render them a very serious nuisance pest in rubber plantations in the Western Ghats in southern India. Feeding preferences ofL. trististowards leaf litter of seven trees co-occurring in rubber plantations, cashew (Anacardium occidentale), mango (Mangifera indica), jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus), wild jack (Artocarpus hirsutus), cocoa (Theobroma cacao), cassia (Cassia fistula), sapota (Manilkara zapota) and rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) were analyzed with no-choice and multiple-choice leaf disc tests. Results showed thatL. tristisis a generalist feeder with a defined pattern of preference, with the leaf litter of rubber being the most preferred followed by those of jackfruit and cocoa. Tender leaves were preferred over mature leaves except for cocoa and sapota. Equal preference towards tender and mature cocoa leaves, presence of patches of cocoa plantations and the scarce distribution of other host plants in rubber plantation belts leads to the proposal that in the absence of tender and mature rubber leaves, cocoa becomes the major host plant ofL. tristis.

Kretzschmaria cetrarioides. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Minter
Keyword(s):  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Democratic Republic Of Congo ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Manilkara Zapota ◽  
Macadamia Integrifolia ◽  
Dead Branch

Abstract A description is provided for Kretzschmaria cetrarioides, a fungus with no known disease reported. Some information on its diagnostic features, biology and conservation status is given, along with details of its transmission, geographical distribution (Angola, Benin, Congo, Democratic Republic of Congo, Gabon, Ghana, Liberia, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Tanzania, Uganda, Mexico, Brazil (Mato Grosso, Rio Grande do Sul, Roraima), Colombia, Venezuela, China (Hainan), India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, Singapore, Vietnam, Australia (Queensland), Cuba, and Trinidad and Tobago) and hosts (Achras zapota [Manilkara zapota] (dead branch); Cynometra hankei; Elaeis guineensis; Hevea brasiliensis (trunk), Hevea sp. (dying tree); Macadamia integrifolia (root); Mangifera indica (fallen branch); Peltophorum adnatum (wood); Plantae indet. (trunk, wood); Pterocarpus soyauxii; Raphia vinifera (trunk); Scorodophloeus zenkeri; and Theobroma cacao (stump)).

scholarly journals Comparison of Soil Microbial Composition and Diversity Between Mixed and Monoculture Rubber Plantations in Hainan Province, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 194008291987607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Tahir Jatoi ◽  
Guoyu Lan ◽  
Zhixiang Wu ◽  
Rui Sun ◽  
Chuan Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Hevea Brasiliensis ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Rubber Plantation ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Bacterial Composition ◽  
Rubber Plantations ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Soil Bacterial

This study aimed to compare monoculture and mixed rubber plantations in terms of their soil bacterial and fungal composition. An Illumina MiSeq sequencing analysis was performed to investigate the composition and diversity of the soil bacterial and fungal communities among three different rubber ( Hevea brasiliensis) plantations: monoculture, Mixed 1 ( Hevea brasiliensis and Mytilaria laosensis), and Mixed 2 ( Hevea brasiliensis and Michelia macclurei) in Hainan. The results showed that the bacterial composition of the three rubber plantations was basically similar. However, there was a significant difference in fungal communities among the three rubber plantations at both the phylum and operational taxonomic unit level. The species richness, Chao, and Shannon diversity of bacterial communities of monoculture rubber plantations were higher than the Mixed 1 and Mixed 2 rubber plantations, whereas all diversity indexes of fungal communities were relatively equal for the monoculture and mixed rubber plantations. Soil nutrition (such as total nitrogen and total potassium) and soil pH are the main drivers of the bacterial composition ( p <  .001). However, soil pH and water content are the main drivers of the fungal composition ( p <  .001), and to some extent, soil pH can increase soil bacteria diversity. We suggest that alkaline fertilizers should be applied in mixed rubber plantations to improve the soil pH and, consequently, to increase the total diversity of the rubber plantation.

scholarly journals Distribution of the endophytic fungi community in leaves of Bauhinia brevipes (Fabaceae)

2011 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 815-821 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Patrícia Amorim Hilarino ◽  
Fernando Augusto de Oliveira e Silveira ◽  
Yumi Oki ◽  
Leonardo Rodrigues ◽  
Jean Carlos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Variation ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Leaf Development ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Leaf Age ◽  
Mature Leaves ◽  
Tropical Biodiversity ◽  
Bauhinia Brevipes

Endophytic fungi represent large, yet unexplored components of biodiversity. This work evaluated the richness and the distribution of endophytes in the leaves of Bauhinia brevipes (Fabaceae). A total of 1110 colonies were recovered from the samples and grouped by their morphological traits into 126 taxa. The total number of taxa according to leaf development was: 102 in mature leaves, 93 in recently expanded leaves and 79 for unfolded leaves. The major endophyte genera were Phomopsis, followed by Dothiorella, Pestalotiopsis and Acremonium. The richness and the isolate numbers of endophytes were not statistically affected by leaf region. However, some taxa were leaf-age specific; six were isolated only from unfolded leaves, nine from recently expanded leaves and 17 were exclusively found in mature leaves. The composition of endophytes varied with leaf region; the similarities (Jaccard's Index) among the leaf regions of different leaf ages ranged from 0.36 to 0.46, indicating a high spatial variation in the community of endophytic fungi inside the leaves. The high richness of endophytes in this host plant highlights a significant contribution of fungi to tropical biodiversity and the need for further research in this area.

Composting–vermicomposting of leaf litter ensuing from the trees of mango (Mangifera indica)

2005 ◽  
Vol 96 (9) ◽  
pp. 1057-1061 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Gajalakshmi ◽  
E.V. Ramasamy ◽  
S.A. Abbasi
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Mangifera Indica

scholarly journals Metagenomic Survey of the Highly Polyphagous Anastrepha ludens Developing in Ancestral and Exotic Hosts Reveals the Lack of a Stable Microbiota in Larvae and the Strong Influence of Metamorphosis on Adult Gut Microbiota

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martín Aluja ◽  
Jesús Alejandro Zamora-Briseño ◽  
Vicente Pérez-Brocal ◽  
Alma Altúzar-Molina ◽  
Larissa Guillén ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Anastrepha Ludens ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Larval Food ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Host Fruit ◽  
Casimiroa Edulis

We studied the microbiota of a highly polyphagous insect, Anastrepha ludens (Diptera: Tephritidae), developing in six of its hosts, including two ancestral (Casimiroa edulis and C. greggii), three exotic (Mangifera indica cv. Ataulfo, Prunus persica cv. Criollo, and Citrus x aurantium) and one occasional host (Capsicum pubescens cv. Manzano), that is only used when extreme drought conditions limit fruiting by the common hosts. One of the exotic hosts (“criollo” peach) is rife with polyphenols and the occasional host with capsaicinoids exerting high fitness costs on the larvae. We pursued the following questions: (1) How is the microbial composition of the larval food related to the composition of the larval and adult microbiota, and what does this tell us about transience and stability of this species’ gut microbiota? (2) How does metamorphosis affect the adult microbiota? We surveyed the microbiota of the pulp of each host fruit, as well as the gut microbiota of larvae and adult flies and found that the gut of A. ludens larvae lacks a stable microbiota, since it was invariably associated with the composition of the pulp microbiota of the host plant species studied and was also different from the microbiota of adult flies indicating that metamorphosis filters out much of the microbiota present in larvae. The microbiota of adult males and females was similar between them, independent of host plant and was dominated by bacteria within the Enterobacteriaceae. We found that in the case of the “toxic” occasional host C. pubescens the microbiota is enriched in potentially deleterious genera that were much less abundant in the other hosts. In contrast, the pulp of the ancestral host C. edulis is enriched in several bacterial groups that can be beneficial for larval development. We also report for the first time the presence of bacteria within the Arcobacteraceae family in the gut microbiota of A. ludens stemming from C. edulis. Based on our findings, we conclude that changes in the food-associated microbiota dictate major changes in the larval microbiota, suggesting that most larval gut microbiota is originated from the food.

scholarly journals Early stages of Nilgiri Grass Yellow Eurema nilgiriensis (Yata, 1990) (Lepidoptera: Pieridae), with a note on its range extension in the Kerala part of the Western Ghats, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 16161-16165
Author(s):  
Balakrishnan Valappil ◽  
V.K.Chandrasekharan
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Western Ghats ◽  
Range Extension ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Larval Host ◽  
Forested Areas ◽  
Southern Western Ghats ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Western Ghats ◽  
Photographic Records

Complete documentation of the early stages of Eurema nilgiriensis (Yata) on the larval host plant Ventilago bombaiensis (Rhamnaceae) is presented in this paper.  In addition to this, notes on the range extensions of this species in southern Western Ghats in Kannur, Kozhikode, Wayanad, Malappuram, and Palakkad districts in Kerala is also provided. Field records from the northern Kerala part of the Western Ghats and the complete biology are reported for the first time since its description in 1990. Photographic records from seven locations since 2011 were confirmed by comparing with the original descriptions and in consultation with the author of the   species. Eggs collected from field were reared at home, and every stage observed is also reported, as well as the discovery of the host plant Ventilago bombaiensis.  It is concluded that the species is widespread in forested areas at elevations from 70m to 1,000m.

scholarly journals Latex Micro Diagnosis, Modern Management Tool of Rubber Plantations of Clones With Active or Rapid Metabolism IRCA 18, IRCA 130, PB 235, PB 260 and PB 330

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 385
Author(s):  
Adou Bini Yao Christophe ◽  
Okoma Koffi Mathurin ◽  
Obouayeba Abba Pacôme ◽  
Atsin Guy Joël Olivier ◽  
Ballo Espérence Kouadio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Rubber Plantation ◽  
Physiological Index ◽  
Physiological Profile ◽  
Rubber Plantations ◽  
Active Metabolism ◽  
Efficient Management ◽  
Harvesting Systems ◽  
Tapping Panel Dryness

The cultivated rubber clones are sensitive to latex harvesting regimes according to their laticiferous metabolism. Thus, in order to determine the best latex harvesting systems of clones with active or rapid metabolism (IRCA 18, IRCA 130, PB 235, PB 260 and PB 330), six latex harvesting technologies are applied to them in a bulk statistical device from Fisher to four rehearsals. The rubber is tapped in downward half spiral stimulated or not for nine years after the opening of the tapping panel. The agronomic parameters (production, vegetative growth), the tapping panel dryness and those of the latex micro diagnosis were evaluated. The results indicate that these clones independently of the latex harvesting system have good rubber productivity (2310 kg.ha -1.y1) with good radial vegetative growth (2.9 cm.y-1). Their trees show a wellbalanced physiological profile and an acceptable sensitivity to the tapping panel dryness (4.9%). However, the physiological index, the bark consumption and the sensitivity to the tapping panel dryness lead to retain the latex harvesting technologies “ S/2 d3 6d/7 Pa1(1) ET2.5% 4/y and S/2 d4 6d/7 Pa1(1) ET2.5% 4/y ” for the best. This index, favorably influencing the choice of technologies adapted to clones with active metabolism, contributes to the modern and efficient management of a rubber plantation.

scholarly journals STRATEGI PETANI KARET DALAM MEMENUHI KEBUTUHAN HIDUP DI NAGARI TARUANG-TARUANG KECAMATAN RAO KABUPATEN PASAMAN

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Slamet Rianto
Keyword(s):  
Average Distance ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Average Frequency ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Rubber Plantation ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
Rice Paddies ◽  
Rubber Plantations ◽  
Farming Communities ◽  
Descriptive Qualitative

This study aims to gather information, analyze and discuss data on Strategies rubber farmers in meeting the needs of life in Kenagarian Taruang-Taruang districts Rao Pasaman district. This research is descriptive qualitative techniques. To answer this problem used secondary data and primary data. Primary data was collected through observation, interviews, discussions with rubber farmers. The study concluded that: 1) People Nagari Tarung-Tarung have rubber land on average 2-5 hectares, the number of plants owned rubber generally 300 stems / ha, the average distance between the rubber plantation is 2-5 km from the farmhouse. Tools commonly used knives, machetes and hoes, 2) If more rain than the summer, the harvest will be disturbed, to overcome this is usually done fertilization, while the average frequency of harvest by the farmers is 1 time in 2 days, 3) production of rubber farmers in Nagari Tarung-Tarung generally is pure rubber because the selling price was good, generally sold to toke / traders who have a subscription, 4) Income rubber farmers sourced from rubber plantations, the highest selling price obtained farmers from the sap of pure, without mixture. Rubber prices are normal can meet the needs of farmers, but the farmers are not trying to sell directly to the factory rubber. Stable prices because there is no middleman and 5) Alternative business other than farming communities rubber is mostly done in Nagari-Combat Combat is aquaculture, rice paddies and trade was done to reduce the risk in the event of prolonged rainy seasonKeywords: Farmers Strategy Rubber Meets Needs In Life 

scholarly journals Gender analysis of livelihood strategies among ethnic households in Northern Laos: From subsistence agriculture to rubber plantations

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyoko Kusakabe ◽  
Chanthavisith Chanthoumphone
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Lao Pdr ◽  
Rubber Plantation ◽  
Subsistence Agriculture ◽  
Gender Analysis ◽  
Differential Impact ◽  
Early Adopters ◽  
Rubber Plantations ◽  
Maximum Benefit ◽  
Social Interface

<p>The study examined livelihood changes in eight villages in Luang Namtha province of northern Lao PDR following the expansion in rubber plantations and analyzed its impact on gender roles and relations. The differential impact of rubber plantation was analyzed on the basis of location (distance from border), infrastructure (distance from roads), land ownership (concession, small farmhold) and timeline for entry into rubber plantations. Early adopters located near the border were able to gain maximum benefit from rubber plantations and these benefits were instrumental in transforming gender roles and relations in favor of women. The study showed used the concept of Long’s ‘social interface’ to argue the diversity in coping strategies employed by women and men in different locations and contexts, and questioned the sustainability of these livelihood changes.</p><p> </p>

scholarly journals Host plant specificity of corticolous lichens in urban and suburban New Amsterdam, Berbice, Guyana

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-108
Author(s):  
Bebe Raazia Bacchus ◽  
Phillip N.B. Da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Cocos Nucifera ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Lichen Species ◽  
New Amsterdam ◽  
Host Trees ◽  
Host Plant Specificity ◽  
Crustose Lichens ◽  
Flavoparmelia Caperata ◽  
Swietenia Mahagoni

In this study, host plant - lichen specificity was investigated. Data was collected from 1000m2 sampling plots at each of four locations with an established 50m x 20m plot at each site. Forty-one trees from across five species were examined using (10cm by 50cm) ladder quadrats on tree trunks (N, S, E, W) at 150cm height. A total of 14978 individual lichens were identified that yielded 10 families, 13 genera and 18 species. Swietenia mahagoni showed the highest average corticolous lichen species composition, followed by Terminalia catappa and Melicoccus bijugales respectively. Cocos nucifera had a higher average species recorded than Mangifera indica. Crustose lichens were the most prominent corticolous lichens observed (61%) with the most individuals in Graphidaceae and Arthoniaceae. Foliose lichens (28%) showed the most abundance in Parmeliaceae, Caliciaceae and Collemataceae. Of the taxa recorded, 22.2% were restricted to specific trees. C. parasitica, H. laevigata, U. cornuta were restricted to S. mahagoni. D. applanata was restricted to C. nucifera. 22.2% of recorded species were found on all of the tree hosts that were examined. Bacidia laurocerasi, Flavoparmelia caperata, Flavoparmelia soredians and Graphina anguina. S. mahagoni hosted 88.9% of all recorded species. Swietenia mahagoni showed the highest average of recorded corticolous lichen species of all host trees with 7.58. Mangifera indica showed the lowest average with 4. The maximum number of species (10) was recorded on one S. mahagoni tree

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