Aging and Bone Health in Individuals with Developmental Disabilities

Low bone mass density (BMD), a classical age-related health issue and a known health concern for fair skinned, thin, postmenopausal Caucasian women, is found to be common among individuals with developmental/intellectual disabilities (D/IDs). It is the consensus that BMD is decreased in both men and women with D/ID. Maintaining good bone health is important for this population as fractures could potentially go undetected in nonverbal individuals, leading to increased morbidity and a further loss of independence. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of bone health of adults with D/ID, their risk of fractures, and how this compares to the general aging population. We will specifically focus on the bone health of two common developmental disabilities, Down syndrome (DS) and cerebral palsy (CP), and will discuss BMD and fracture rates in these complex populations. Gaining a greater understanding of how bone health is affected in individuals with D/ID could lead to better customized treatments for these specific populations.

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Hypothalamic leptin gene therapy reduces body weight without accelerating age-related bone loss

Journal of Endocrinology ◽

10.1530/joe-15-0280 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 227 (3) ◽

pp. 129-141 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Russell T Turner ◽

Michael Dube ◽

Adam J Branscum ◽

Carmen P Wong ◽

Dawn A Olson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Therapy ◽

Body Weight ◽

Bone Loss ◽

Bone Mass ◽

Bone Turnover ◽

Cancellous Bone ◽

Mass Density ◽

Female Rats ◽

Bone Mass Density ◽

Age Related

Excessive weight gain in adults is associated with a variety of negative health outcomes. Unfortunately, dieting, exercise, and pharmacological interventions have had limited long-term success in weight control and can result in detrimental side effects, including accelerating age-related cancellous bone loss. We investigated the efficacy of using hypothalamic leptin gene therapy as an alternative method for reducing weight in skeletally-mature (9 months old) female rats and determined the impact of leptin-induced weight loss on bone mass, density, and microarchitecture, and serum biomarkers of bone turnover (CTx and osteocalcin). Rats were implanted with cannulae in the 3rd ventricle of the hypothalamus and injected with either recombinant adeno-associated virus encoding the gene for rat leptin (rAAV-Leptin,n=7) or a control vector encoding green fluorescent protein (rAAV-GFP,n=10) and sacrificed 18 weeks later. A baseline control group (n=7) was sacrificed at vector administration. rAAV-Leptin-treated rats lost weight (−4±2%) while rAAV-GFP-treated rats gained weight (14±2%) during the study. At study termination, rAAV-Leptin-treated rats weighed 17% less than rAAV-GFP-treated rats and had lower abdominal white adipose tissue weight (−80%), serum leptin (−77%), and serum IGF1 (−34%). Cancellous bone volume fraction in distal femur metaphysis and epiphysis, and in lumbar vertebra tended to be lower (P<0.1) in rAAV-GFP-treated rats (13.5 months old) compared to baseline control rats (9 months old). Significant differences in cancellous bone or biomarkers of bone turnover were not detected between rAAV-Leptin and rAAV-GFP rats. In summary, rAAV-Leptin-treated rats maintained a lower body weight compared to baseline and rAAV-GFP-treated rats with minimal effects on bone mass, density, microarchitecture, or biochemical markers of bone turnover.

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Corrigendum Serological Markers: Are they Reliable for the Diagnosis of Low Bone Mass Density?

Pakistan Journal of Nutrition ◽

10.3923/pjn.2021.76.76 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 76-76

Author(s):

Abdelghnay H. Abdelghany ◽

Osama A. Shaikhomar ◽

Eslam A. Header ◽

Hassan M. Bukhari ◽

Naeem F. Qusty

Keyword(s):

Bone Mass ◽

Mass Density ◽

Bone Mass Density ◽

Serological Markers ◽

Low Bone Mass

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A Pull-Out Resistant Pedicle Screw for the Osteoporotic Spine

ASME 2007 2nd Frontiers in Biomedical Devices ◽

10.1115/biomed2007-38050 ◽

2007 ◽

Author(s):

Karthik Ponnusamy ◽

Sravisht Iyer ◽

Alex Hui ◽

Gaurav Gupta ◽

Kartik Trehan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Mass ◽

Mass Density ◽

Pedicle Screws ◽

Bone Mass Density ◽

Vertebral Compression Fractures ◽

Osteoporotic Bone ◽

Low Bone Mass ◽

Compression Fractures ◽

Pull Out ◽

Increased Risk

Pedicle screws are commonly used in spine surgery to implant and affix metal devices to the spine. These screws are most commonly associated with cases that require rod or plate implantation. Use of pedicle screws in osteoporotic patients, however, is limited because they suffer from low bone mass density (BMD). The low BMD is harmful to patients in two ways — it leads to increased incidence of spinal trauma and also prevents surgeons from instrumenting osteoporotic patients because screws do not achieve the required fixation in osteoporotic patients [1]. The risk of trauma is increased due to the brittle bone and vertebral compression fractures, resulting in spinal misalignment and increased risk of future trauma. Instrumenting these cases with rods or plates, however, is impossible because osteoporotic bone is not strong enough to “hold” pedicle screws in, i.e., prevent screws from pulling out [2, 3].

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Screening For Osteoporosis And Osteopenia In Rural Population Using Calcaneum QUS – A Camp Based Study

National Journal of Research in Ayurved Science ◽

10.52482/ayurlog.v8i02.557 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (02) ◽

Author(s):

SUNIL SHASHIKANT BORKAR BORKAR

Keyword(s):

Rural Population ◽

Mass Density ◽

Age Groups ◽

Health Concern ◽

Categorical Variables ◽

Bone Mass Density ◽

Dietary Habit ◽

Mineral Density ◽

T Score ◽

Prevalence Of Osteoporosis

BACKGROUND: Increasing prevalence of osteoporosis and osteopenia in the Indian population is a major community health concern in future. Camp based screening of low bone mineral density (BMD) by using calcaneum quantitative ultrasound scan (QUS) is widely used low cost procedure in India. Hence Calcaneum QUS was used to determine the prevalence of osteoporosis and osteopenia in rural population of Gurukunj Ashram, Dist Amravati (Maharashtra) in present camp based study. METHODS: In present study total 99 participants aged 25-65 years were included. Each participant was enquired for their demographic details, dietary habit, lifestyle pattern, exercise and menstrual history related information in prescribed format and assessed for BMD (as T score) by using calcaneum QUS. The data were express in percentages and proportions and results were expressed as descriptive statistics. Chi square test was used to compare the risk factors for categorical variables. RESULTS: Out of total participants (n=99), 66.66% (n = 66) were female subjects and 33.3% (n = 33) were male. As per the WHO criteria of BMD, 34.34 % participants were osteoporotic, 56.56% were osteopenic, whereas approximately 9.09% had normal bone density. A significant association (χ2 = 38.50, P < 0.00001) was reported between the T‑score and different age groups. Study shows apparent increasing trend in the frequency of osteopenic and osteoporotic participants with age of 35 and 56 years onward respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Present camp based reports the high prevalence of low bone mass density in increasing age in rural population.

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Predictors of bone mineral density in a convenience sample of young Caucasian adults living in southern Ontario

Applied Physiology Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.1139/h2012-049 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 37 (4) ◽

pp. 706-714 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Laura E. Chouinard ◽

Janis Randall Simpson ◽

Andrea C. Buchholz

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Bone Mineral Density ◽

Body Mass ◽

Bone Mineral ◽

Bone Health ◽

Calcium Intake ◽

Health Concern ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Southern Ontario ◽

Men And Women

Osteoporosis is a major public health concern in Canada and worldwide. Although much is known about bone health in older adults, little is known about bone health in young, healthy Canadian men and women. The objectives of this research were to describe bone mineral density (BMD) of young, healthy adults living in southern Ontario, Canada, and to identify predictors of BMD in this population. Two-hundred and fifty-eight Caucasian men and women aged 18–33 years completed health and physical activity questionnaires along with a calcium and vitamin D specific food frequency questionnaire. Height and mass were measured. BMD of the total hip, femoral neck, spine, and total body was measured using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Among men, body mass, weight-bearing physical activity, and calcium intake were significant predictors of BMD. Among women, body mass, calcium intake, and family history of osteoporosis significantly predicted log BMD. The predictors of BMD in young Canadian men and women identified in this study may inform the development of longitudinal studies designed to examine the influence of lifestyle factors on BMD in young adults.

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Low bone mass density is associated with hemolysis in brazilian patients with sickle cell disease

Clinics ◽

10.1590/s1807-59322011000500015 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 66 (5) ◽

pp. 801-805 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Gabriel Baldanzi ◽

Fabiola Traina ◽

João Francisco Marques Neto ◽

Allan Oliveira Santos ◽

Celso Dario Ramos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sickle Cell Disease ◽

Bone Mass ◽

Sickle Cell ◽

Mass Density ◽

Bone Mass Density ◽

Low Bone Mass ◽

Cell Disease

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The effect of nanomicelle curcumin supplementation and Nigella sativa oil on the expression level of miRNA ‐21, miRNA ‐422a, and miRNA ‐503 gene in postmenopausal women with low bone mass density: A randomized, triple‐blind, placebo‐controlled clinical trial with factorial design

Phytotherapy Research ◽

10.1002/ptr.7259 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Azizeh Farshbaf‐Khalili ◽

Safar Farajnia ◽

Samira Pourzeinali ◽

Seyed Kazem Shakouri ◽

Hanieh Salehi‐Pourmehr

Keyword(s):

Clinical Trial ◽

Bone Mass ◽

Factorial Design ◽

Postmenopausal Women ◽

Nigella Sativa ◽

Mass Density ◽

Bone Mass Density ◽

Controlled Clinical Trial ◽

Low Bone Mass ◽

Nigella Sativa Oil

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Evidence supporting beneficial effects of virgin olive oil compared to sunflower and fish oils from the point of view of aging and longevity

Mediterranean Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.3233/mnm-210587 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Alberto Badillo-Carrasco ◽

Victoria Jiménez-Trigo ◽

José M. Romero-Márquez ◽

Lorenzo Rivas-García ◽

Alfonso Varela-López ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fish Oil ◽

Olive Oil ◽

Sunflower Oil ◽

Alveolar Bone ◽

Mass Density ◽

Virgin Olive Oil ◽

Dietary Lipids ◽

Point Of View ◽

Bone Mass Density ◽

Age Related

Diet plays a central role in aging and in the prevention of age-related diseases. Specifically, dietary lipids have influence on processes like oxidative stress or inflammation. This review summarizes and compares the effects of lifelong feeding on three different fat sources, namely virgin olive oil, sunflower oil or fish oil (which differ in fatty acid profile and minor components content) in the pancreas, liver, alveolar bone and femur of old rats. Also, effects on longevity and causes of death are summarized. Animals fed on virgin olive oil had a lower number of β cells and insulin content in the pancreas, less liver fibrosis, less loss of alveolar bone, and greater bone mass density in the femur. In general, the markers of oxidative damage at the liver, pancreatic, gingival and systemic levels were also lower in animals fed on virgin olive oil compared to those treated with sunflower or fish oil. Finally, although the animals died from similar causes regardless of the experimental group, virgin olive oil increased lifespan compared to sunflower oil. Therefore, it is evidenced the chance to modulate the effects of the physiological aging process by diet and, more specifically, by dietary fat.

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