scholarly journals Effect of Aqueous Extract ofCrocus sativusL. on Morphine-Induced Memory Impairment

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sayede Maryam Naghibi ◽  
Mahmoud Hosseini ◽  
Fatemeh Khani ◽  
Motahare Rahimi ◽  
Farzaneh Vafaee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Passive Avoidance ◽  
Electric Shock ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Training Trial ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Dark Compartment ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Time Latency ◽  
Saffron Extract ◽  
Retention Trial

In the present study, the effect of aqueous extracts of saffron on morphine-induced memory impairment was investigated. On the training trial, the mice received an electric shock when the animals were entered into the dark compartment. Twenty-four and forty-eight hours later, the time latency for entering the dark compartment was recorded and defined as the retention trial. The mice were divided into (1) control, (2) morphine which received morphine before the training in the passive avoidance test, (3–5) three groups treated by 50, 150 and 450 mg/kg of saffron extract before the training trial, and (6 and 7) the two other groups received 150 and 450 mg/kg of saffron extract before the retention trial. The time latency in morphine-treated group was lower than control (P< 0.01). Treatment of the animals by 150 and 450 mg/kg of saffron extract before the training trial increased the time latency at 24 and 48 hours after the training trial (P< 0.05 andP< 0.01). Administration of both 150 and 450 mg/kg doses of the extract before retention trials also increased the time latency (P< 0.01). The results revealed that the saffron extract attenuated morphine-induced memory impairment.

Effects of Acupuncture at Pai-Hui on the Deficit of Memory Storage in Rats

1999 ◽  
Vol 27 (03n04) ◽  
pp. 289-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yung-Hsien Chang ◽  
Ming-Tsuen Hiseh ◽  
Chi-Rei Wu
Keyword(s):  
Passive Avoidance ◽  
Avoidance Response ◽  
Training Trial ◽  
Memory Storage ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Preventive Effect ◽  
Storage Process ◽  
Passive Avoidance Response ◽  
Retention Trial

In this study, we investigated the effects of Pai-Hui by acupuncture on cycloheximide (CXM)-induced impairment of the passive avoidance response in rats. Acupuncture at Pai-Hui (Go-20) treated 15 min before or immediately after training trial for 15 min significantly attenuated CXM-induced impairment of passive avoidance response in rats, but did not have the same effect 30 and 60 min before or 30 min after the training trial or before the retention trial. Acupuncture at Pai-Hui 15 min before the training trial for 15, 30 and 60 min significantly attenuated CXM-induced impairment of passive avoidance response in rats, and its efficacy paralleled the acupuncture duration. Furthermore, acupuncture at Pai-Hui did not attenuate scopolamine (SCOP)-induced impairment of passive avoidance response, but was slightly inhibited by SCOP at 0.3 mg/kg. Second, acupuncture at Pai-Hui attenuated p-chloroamphetamine (PCA)-induced impairment of passive avoidance response and was significantly antagonized by PCA at 1 mg/kg. These results suggest that acupuncture at Pai-Hui mainly affects the memory storage process and has preventive and immediate therapeutic effects on CXM-induced impairment of passive avoidance response. Its efficacy paralleled the acupuncture duration. The preventive effect of acupuncture at Pai-Hui on CXM-induced impairment is significantly reduced by serotonergic 5-HT releaser, and slightly by cholinergic manipulations.

scholarly journals Cognitive-Enhancing Effect ofAronia melanocarpaExtract against Memory Impairment Induced by Scopolamine in Mice

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyeon Yong Lee ◽  
Jin Bae Weon ◽  
Youn Sik Jung ◽  
Nam Young Kim ◽  
Myong Ki Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Passive Avoidance ◽  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Morris Water Maze ◽  
Water Maze ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Ache Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Effect ◽  
Enhancing Effect ◽  
Aronia Melanocarpa ◽  
Avoidance Tests

Aronia melanocarpa(A. melanocarpa)berriesare a fruit with a marked antioxidant effect. The objective of this study was to confirm the effect ofA. melanocarpa berriesextract against scopolamine-induced memory impairment in mice using the Morris water maze and passive avoidance test. Moreover, we determined a possible mechanism of the cognitive-enhancing effect involving AChE activity and BDNF and p-CREB expression in the hippocampus of mice.A. melanocarpa berriesextract attenuated the learning and memory impairment induced by scopolamine in the Morris water maze (79.3 ± 0.8 s of 200 mg/kg and 64.4 ± 10.7 s of 400 mg/kg on day 4) and passive avoidance tests (46.0 ± 41.1 s of 200 mg/kg and 25.6 ± 18.7 s of 400 mg/kg).A. melanocarpa berriesextract reduced the acetylcholinesterase level in the hippocampus of scopolamine-injected mice and increased BDNF and p-CREB expression in the hippocampus. The major compound, cyanidin-3-O-galactoside, also reversed memory impairment. These results showed thatA. melanocarpa berriesextract improved memory impairment by inhibiting AChE and increasing BDNF and p-CREB expression, and cyanidin-3-O-galactoside may be responsible for the effect ofA. melanocarpa berriesextract.

scholarly journals Steamed and Fermented Ethanolic Extract fromCodonopsis lanceolataAttenuates Amyloid-β-Induced Memory Impairment in Mice

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Bae Weon ◽  
Min Rye Eom ◽  
Youn Sik Jung ◽  
Eun-Hye Hong ◽  
Hyun-Jeong Ko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Passive Avoidance ◽  
Morris Water Maze ◽  
Water Maze ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Ache Activity ◽  
Amyloid Β ◽  
Bdnf Expression ◽  
Creb Phosphorylation ◽  
Avoidance Tests ◽  
Tof Ms

Codonopsis lanceolata(C. lanceolata) is a traditional medicinal plant used for the treatment of certain inflammatory diseases such as asthma, tonsillitis, and pharyngitis. We evaluated whether steamed and fermentedC. lanceolata(SFC) extract improves amyloid-β- (Aβ-) induced learning and memory impairment in mice. The Morris water maze and passive avoidance tests were used to evaluate the effect of SFC extract. Moreover, we investigated acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), cyclic AMP response element-binding protein (CREB), and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling in the hippocampus of mice to determine a possible mechanism for the cognitive-enhancing effect. Saponin compounds in SFC were identified by Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography-Quadrupole-Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS). SFC extract ameliorated amyloid-β-induced memory impairment in the Morris water maze and passive avoidance tests. SFC extract inhibited AChE activity and also significantly increased the level of CREB phosphorylation, BDNF expression, and ERK activation in hippocampal tissue of amyloid-β-treated mice. Lancemasides A, B, C, D, E, and G and foetidissimoside A compounds present in SFC were determined by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS. These results indicate that SFC extract improves Aβ-induced memory deficits and that AChE inhibition and CREB/BDNF/ERK expression is important for the effect of the SFC extract. In addition, lancemaside A specifically may be responsible for efficacious effect of SFC.

scholarly journals PHARMACOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF TRIPHALA CHURNA INSTREPTOZOTOCIN (I. C. V.) INDUCED DEMENTIA IN RATS

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 97
Author(s):  
Purabi Deka ◽  
Arun Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Morris Water Maze ◽  
Water Maze ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Standard Group ◽  
Glutathione Level

Objective: The objective of the study was to investigate the memory improving activity of Triphala Churna hydro-methanolic fruit extract on learning and memory functions in Streptozotocin (I. C. V) induced dementia in rats by using morris water maze and elevated plus maze.Methods: A total of 42 albino wistar rats weighing 80-100 g were randomized into 7 equal groups as follows: Normal control group received normal saline (1 ml/kg p. o.) for 24 d, STZ treated group (3 mg/kg, i. c. v) were administered in two dosage regimen i.e. on first day and third day.), Standard group: Streptozotocin (3 mg/kg i. c. v)+Vitamin E (100 mg/kg/day p. o.) were administered for 21 d, Standard group: Streptozotocin (3 mg/kg i. c. v)+Rivastigmine (2 mg/kg/day p. o.) were administered for 21 d. The learning and memory-impaired rats were treated with Triphala Churna Formulation 1, Triphala Churna Formulation 2 and Triphala Churna Formulation 3 for 21 d (100 mg/kg p. o.). AchE activity, lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase, glutathione level of brain homogenate was estimated in Control/STZ (I. C. V)/Standard/Triphala Churna fruits extract treated rats.Results: Administration of Triphala Churna fruits extract significantly restored learning and memory impairment induced by STZ (I. C. V) in the elevated plus maze and morris water maze. Furthermore, in the TPLC F2 and TPLC F3 treated group brain AchE level was decreased (P≤0.01) as well as brain lipid peroxidation was also decreased (P≤0.001). Brain antioxidant enzymes such as glutathione level were increased (P≤0.001) in the TPLC1 and TPLC2 treated group when compared to the STZ treated group, TPLC F2 and TPLC F3 treated group showed significant (P≤0.001, P≤0.01) increase in superoxide dismutase level. Conclusion: Triphala Churna fruits extract has an improving effect on learning and memory impairment rats produced by Streptozotocin (I. C. V) and may have a useful effect in the treatment of dementia and Alzheimer's disease.

Radix Angelica Sinensis Extracts Ameliorate Scopolamine- and Cycloheximide-Induced Amnesia, but not p-Chloroamphetamine-Induced Amnesia in Rats

2000 ◽  
Vol 28 (02) ◽  
pp. 263-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming-Tsuen Hsieh ◽  
Ying-Tsung Lin ◽  
Ying-Chih Lin ◽  
Chi-Rei Wu
Keyword(s):  
Passive Avoidance ◽  
Training Trial ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Passive Avoidance Task ◽  
Hexane Fraction ◽  
Angelica Sinensis ◽  
Avoidance Task ◽  
Memory Processes

The effects if the methanolic extract of Radix Angelica Sinensis (Umbellifera) (abbreviated as RAS extract) and n-hexane fraction of RAS extract ( RAS H fraction) on the various drugs-induced amnesia in rats were studied by using passive avoidance task. RAS extract (1 g/kg) significantly prolonged the shortened step-through latency induced by SCOP and CXM, but not PCA. Furthermore, RAS H fraction (1 g/kg) also significantly prolonged the shortened step-through latency induced by SCOP and CXM but not PCA. RAS extract at any dose alone did not influence the step-through latency in the training trial produced by non-shocked rats, but it plus PCA prolonged the latency compared with PCA alone. However, RAS H fraction (1 g/kg) prolonged the latency in the training trial produced by non-shocked rats, but it plus any induced drugs did not differ from any induced drugs alone. These results suggest that the attenuating effects of RAS extract on the various drugs-induced amnesia were related to the memory processes, n-Hexane fraction of RAS extract might be one of the active fractions of RAS extract in the treatment of amnesia.

scholarly journals Anti-diabetic activity of rhizome extracts of Imperata cylindrical against alloxan-induced Diabetes Mellitus in rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL4) ◽  
pp. 2704-2709
Author(s):  
Ranjana Kohli ◽  
Madan L Kaushik ◽  
Jai Parkash Kadian ◽  
Bhupendra Chauhan
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Appreciable Effect ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Study Results

The anti-diabetic effect of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Imperata cylindrical  rhizomes was investigated in alloxan-induced diabeties in rats. Diabetes was induced by a single 150 mg/kg intraperitoneal dose of alloxan. Rats were divided into five groups with six rats in each group i.e. the normal control group, diabetic control group, standard group (glibenclamide, 10mg/kg, p.o.), Test-I group (200 mg/kg ethanolic extract) and Test-II group (200 mg/kg aqueous extract). The above concerned groups were inoculated on 21st day. On the last day of the experiment, fasted rats were killed by cervical dislocation. The body weight was measured at the initial day and final day. The blood samples were collected for estimation of glucose. The loss of body weight in control group, but recovery was observed in drug treated group. The serum glucose level was significant increased in diabetic rats. However, significant improvement was observed in treated group. The biochemical parameters such as HDL and proteins level were decreased in the control group but maintained in drug treated group. LDL, cholesterol, triglyceride creatinine and urea were significant increase in control group however, reduced level in drug treated group. The present study concluded that ethanolic and aqueous extracts of I. cylindrical  rhizome showed an appreciable effect in reducing the hyperglycemia and the complications associated with diabetes. However, aqueous extract is found more significant in decreasing blood glucose level in comparison to the ethanolic extract. The study results justify the traditional use of the plant as anti-diabetic.

scholarly journals Anti-Oxidant Activity of Gallotannin-Enriched Extract of Galla Rhois Can Associate with the Protection of the Cognitive Impairment through the Regulation of BDNF Signaling Pathway and Neuronal Cell Function in the Scopolamine-Treated ICR Mice

Antioxidants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Park ◽  
Kim ◽  
Kang ◽  
Choi ◽  
Bae ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Neuronal Cell ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Receptor Signaling ◽  
Trkb Receptor ◽  
Receptor Signaling Pathway ◽  
Anti Oxidant

The antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-metastatic/anti-invasion activities and laxative activity of Galla Rhois (GR) are well-known, although the neuropreservation effects of their extracts are still to be elucidated. To investigate the novel therapeutic effects and molecular mechanism of GR on alleviation of cognitive impairment, two different dosages of gallotannin-enriched GR (GEGR) were administered to Korl:ICR mice for three weeks, and to induce memory impairment, scopolamine (SP) was administered during the last seven days of the GEGR treatment period. GEGR showed the high level of the free radical scavenging activity to DPPH and suppressive activity to reactive oxygen species (ROS) in B35 cells as well as enhanced SOD and CAT activity in brains of the SP-induced model. Latency time for memory impairment assessed by the passive avoidance test significantly protected in the SP+GEGR treated group as compared to the SP+Vehicle treated group. Moreover, similar protective effects were observed on the secretion of BDNF in SP+GEGR treated mice. The expression of TrkB receptor, and phosphorylation of PI3K on the TrkB receptor signaling pathway were dramatically protected in the SP-induced model after GEGR treatment, whereas the expression of p75NTR receptor, the phosphorylation of JNK, and expression of Bax/Bcl-2 on the p75NTR receptor signaling pathway was significantly protected in the same group. Furthermore, the GEGR treated SP-induced model showed decreased number of dead neural cells and suppressed acetylcholine esterase (AChE) activity and inhibited inflammatory responses. Taken together, these results indicate that the anti-oxidant activity of GEGR contributes to improving the neuronal cell function and survival during cognitive impairment in the SP-induced model through regulation of BDNF secretion and their receptor signaling pathway.

scholarly journals Annona atemoya Leaf Extract Improves Scopolamine-Induced Memory Impairment by Preventing Hippocampal Cholinergic Dysfunction and Neuronal Cell Death

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (14) ◽  
pp. 3538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eunjin Sohn ◽  
Hye-Sun Lim ◽  
Yu Jin Kim ◽  
Bu-Yeo Kim ◽  
Soo-Jin Jeong
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Passive Avoidance ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Neuronal Cell Death ◽  
Neuronal Cell ◽  
Acetylcholinesterase Activity ◽  
Hippocampal Neurogenesis ◽  
Avoidance Task ◽  
Y Maze

We explored the preventative effect of Annona atemoya leaf (AAL) extract on memory impairment in a scopolamine (SCO)-induced cognitive deficit mouse model. Fifty-eight mice were randomly divided into six groups and orally treated with AAL extract at (50, 100, or 200 mg/kg) or tacrine (TAC) for 21 days. Memory deficits were induced by a single injection of 1 mg/kg SCO (i.p.) and memory improvement was evaluated by using behavioral tests such as the passive avoidance task and Y-maze test. The levels of cholinergic functions, neuronal cell death, reactive oxygen species, and protein expression related to hippocampal neurogenesis were examined by immunohistochemical staining and western blotting. The administration of AAL extract improved memory impairment according to increased spontaneous alternation in the Y-maze and step-through latency in passive avoidance test. AAL extract treatment increased the acetylcholine content, choline acetyltransferase, and acetylcholinesterase activity in the hippocampus of SCO-stimulated mice. In addition, AAL extract attenuated oxidative stress-induced neuronal cell death of hippocampal tissue. In terms of the regulatory mechanisms, AAL extract treatment reversed the SCO-induced decreases in the expression of Akt, phosphorylation of cAMP response element binding protein, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Our findings demonstrate that AAL extract has the ability to alleviate memory impairment through preventative effect on cholinergic system dysfunction and oxidative stress-related neuronal cell death in a SCO-induced memory deficit animal model. Overall, AAL may be a promising plant resource for the managing memory dysfunction due to neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD).

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