scholarly journals Increased Toll-Like Receptor 2 Expression in Peptidoglycan-Treated Blood Monocytes Is Associated with Insulin Resistance in Patients with Nondiabetic Rheumatoid Arthritis

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shih-Wei Wang ◽  
Tsun-Mei Lin ◽  
Chiou-Huey Wang ◽  
Hsiao-Han Liu ◽  
Jer-Yiing Houng
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Blood Monocytes ◽  
Peripheral Blood Monocytes ◽  
Assessment Index ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Toll Like Receptor 2 ◽  
Traditional Risk Factors

The close relationship between increased TLR-2 expression in blood monocytes and insulin resistance in RA patients is shown in this study. Traditional risk factors for metabolic disorders, including the waist circumstance, body mass index (BMI), triglyceride (TG), and ratio of TG to high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, were closely correlated with HOMA (homoeostasis model assessment) index in patients with nondiabetic RA. Expressions of TLR2 in peripheral blood monocytes, following stimulation with peptidoglycan which is known as a TLR2 agonist, were closely correlated with the HOMA index, TNF-α, and IL-6 concentrations. Accordingly, TLR-2 receptor and its related inflammatory cytokines could be potential therapeutic targets in managing insulin resistance in RA patients.

scholarly journals Depression and cardiovascular risk—association among Beck Depression Inventory, PCSK9 levels and insulin resistance

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Macchi ◽  
C. Favero ◽  
A. Ceresa ◽  
L. Vigna ◽  
D. M. Conti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Beck Depression Inventory ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Assessment Index ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Homeostatic Model Assessment

Abstract Background Depression and cardiovascular disease (CVD) are among the most common causes of disability in high-income countries, depression being associated with a 30% increased risk of future CV events. Depression is twice as common in people with diabetes and is associated with a 60% rise in the incidence of type 2 diabetes, an independent CVD risk factor. Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9), a key regulator of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, has been related to a large number of CV risk factors, including insulin resistance. Aim of this study was to investigate whether the presence of depression could affect PCSK9 levels in a population of obese subjects susceptible to depressive symptoms and how these changes may mediate a pre-diabetic risk. Results In 389 obese individuals, the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) was significantly associated with PCSK9 levels. For every one-unit increment in BDI-II score, PCSK9 rose by 1.85 ng/mL. Depression was associated also with the HOMA-IR (homeostatic model assessment index of insulin resistance), 11% of this effect operating indirectly via PCSK9. Conclusions This study indicates a possible mechanism linking depression and insulin resistance, a well-known CV risk factor, providing evidence for a significant role of PCSK9.

scholarly journals Associations of resistin with inflammatory and fibrinolytic markers, insulin resistance, and metabolic syndrome in middle-aged and older Chinese

2008 ◽  
Vol 159 (5) ◽  
pp. 585-593 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qibin Qi ◽  
Jing Wang ◽  
Huaixing Li ◽  
Zhijie Yu ◽  
Xingwang Ye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factor Α

ObjectiveResistin increases insulin resistance (IR) in mice. However, the role of resistin in human disease remains controversial. We aimed to assess plasma resistin levels and their associations with inflammatory and fibrinolytic markers, IR and metabolic syndrome (MetS) among Chinese.Design and methodsPlasma resistin was measured in a population-based cross-sectional survey of 3193 Chinese aged from 50 to 70 years in Beijing and Shanghai.ResultsThe median resistin concentration was 8.60 ng/ml (interquartile range, 5.78–14.00) among all participants, and it was higher in women than in men (P=0.008). Resistin was correlated weakly with body mass index, waist circumference, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (negatively), homeostatic model assessment of IR and tumor necrosis factor-α receptor 2 (TNFR2; r=0.04, 0.07, –0.09 and 0.06 respectively, all P<0.05), and more highly with C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin (IL)6 and plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)1 (r=0.12, 0.12 and 0.21 respectively, all P<0.001), but only HDL cholesterol, CRP, IL6, TNFR2, and PAI1 remained significantly associated with resistin in multiple regression analysis (all P<0.05). Furthermore, elevated resistin levels were associated with the higher prevalence of IR and MetS. However, the significant relationships disappeared after adjustment for inflammatory and fibrinolytic markers especially PAI1.ConclusionsThis study suggests that resistin is more strongly associated with inflammatory and fibrinolytic markers than with obesity or IR status. The associations of resistin with IR and MetS could largely be explained by inflammatory and fibrinolytic markers especially PAI1 levels.

scholarly journals Depression and Cardiovascular Risk - Association Among Beck Depression Inventory, PCSK9 Levels and Insulin Resistance

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiara Macchi ◽  
Chiara Favero ◽  
Alessandro Ceresa ◽  
Luisella Vigna ◽  
Diana Misaela Conti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Beck Depression Inventory ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Assessment Index ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Homeostatic Model Assessment

Abstract Background. Depression and cardiovascular disease (CVD) are among the most common causes of disability in high-income countries, depression being associated with a 30% increased risk of future CV events. Depression is twice as common in people with diabetes and is associated with a 60% rise in the incidence of type 2 diabetes, an independent CVD risk factor. Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9), a key regulator of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, has been related to a large number of CV risk factors, including insulin resistance. Aim of this study was to investigate whether in a population of obese subjects, more susceptible to depressive symptoms, the presence of depression could affect PCSK9 levels and how these changes may mediate a pre-diabetic risk. Results. In 389 obese individuals, the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) was significantly associated with PCSK9 levels. For every one-unit increment in BDI-II score, PCSK9 rose by 1.85 ng/mL. Depression was associated also with the HOMA-IR (homeostatic model assessment index of insulin resistance), 11% of this effect operating indirectly via PCSK9. Conclusions. This study indicates a possible mechanism linking depression and insulin resistance, a well-known CV risk factor, providing evidence for a significant role of PCSK9.

Insulin resistance surrogates and left ventricular hypertrophy in normotensive obese children

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Ljiljana Bjelakovic ◽  
Vladimir Vukovic ◽  
Sanja Stankovic ◽  
Milan Ciric ◽  
Stevo Lukic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Relative Wall Thickness ◽  
Left Ventricular Geometry ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Homeostasis Model Assessment ◽  
Assessment Index

Abstract Background: The relationship between different surrogates of insulin resistance and left ventricular geometry in obese children is still unclear. Objective: We sought to explore the relationship between commonly used measures of insulin sensitivity/resistance (homeostatic model assessment index, serum uric acid, and triglycerides to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio) and left ventricular geometry in normotensive obese children. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 32 normotensive obese children were examined. Transthoracic echocardiography was used to measure left ventricular mass index and relative wall thickness. Homeostasis model assessment index, serum uric acid level, and a ratio of triglycerides to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were used as markers of the insulin resistance. Simple and partial correlation analyses (to control for the effects of body mass index) were conducted to explore relationship between studied variables and left ventricular mass index or relative wall thickness as outcome variables. Results: We found positive correlations between homeostasis model assessment index and relative wall thickness (r = 0.47, p = 0.03) which remained significant after controlling for the effect of body mass index, z-score (r = 0.48, p = 0.03). The cutoff level of homeostasis model assessment index with the optimum sensitivity (Sn) and specificity (Sp) derived from the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves for predicting concentric remodelling was ≥5.51 with Sn = 83.33 and Sp = 68.75. Conclusion: There is a positive relationship between homeostasis model assessment index and relative wall thickness of obese normotensive children which may help to distinguish at risk obese normotensive children for the development of concentric left ventricular remodelling.

scholarly journals Endogenous sex hormones and risk factors for atherosclerosis in healthy Greek postmenopausal women

2006 ◽  
Vol 154 (6) ◽  
pp. 907-916 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene Lambrinoudaki ◽  
George Christodoulakos ◽  
Demetrios Rizos ◽  
Emmanuel Economou ◽  
John Argeitis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Sex Hormones ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Atherogenic Index ◽  
Total Testosterone ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Endogenous Sex Hormones

Objective: To assess the association between endogenous sex hormones and risk factors for atherosclerosis in healthy postmenopausal women. Design: Cross-sectional study in a university menopause clinic. Methods: Serum sex hormones and lipid–lipoprotein profile, arterial pressure, homocysteine and insulin resistance, measured by the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), were assessed in 598 healthy postmenopausal women not on hormone therapy. Results: Compared with women in the lowest testosterone quartile (Q), women in the highest testosterone quartile had higher total cholesterol (Q1: 225.2 ± 41.3 vs Q4: 246.2 ± 38.4 mg/dl, P < 0.01), low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol (Q1: 146.9 ± 37.2 vs Q4: 171.8 ± 35.3 mg/dl, P < 0.001), atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) (Q1: −0.224 ± 0.238 vs Q4: −0.087 ± 0.254, P < 0.01), apolipoprotein B (ApoB) (Q1: 100.7 ± 23.1 vs Q4: 113.9 ± 23.8 mg/dl, P < 0.001) and higher high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol (Q1: 60.7 ± 14.5 vs Q4: 52.9 ± 13.0 mg/dl, P < 0.01). Accordingly, women in the highest free androgen index (FAI) quartile had higher AIP (Q1: −0.232 ± 0.254 vs Q4: −0.078 ± 0.243, P < 0.001) and ApoB (Q1: 102.4 ± 25.5 vs Q4: 114.2 ± 25.8 mg/dl, P < 0.01) and lower HDL-cholesterol (Q1: 62.0 ± 15.7 vs Q4: 51.9 ± 11.6 mg/dl, P < 0.001) and apolipoprotein A (Q1: 159.6 ± 25.6 vs Q4: 147.9 ± 24.1 mg/dl, P < 0.01) compared with women in the lowest FAI quartile. These differences remained significant after adjustment for age, body mass index (BMI), insulin resistance and social habits. The free estrogen index (FEI) exhibited similar associations to the FAI. HOMA-IR showed an independent positive association with total testosterone (Q1: 2.00 ± 1.36 vs Q4: 2.66 ± 1.60, P < 0.01), FAI (Q1: 1.70 ± 1.12 vs Q4: 3.04 ± 1.66, P < 0.001) and FEI (Q1: 1.70 ± 0.91 vs Q4: 3.08 ± 1.77, P < 0.001). Conclusions: Increased androgenicity in healthy postmenopausal women is associated with an unfavorable cardiovascular risk profile. High endogenous estradiol is related to a pro-atherogenic lipid profile, an association which may, in part, be mediated by insulin resistance.

scholarly journals Influences of Recreational Tennis-Playing Exercise Time on Cardiometabolic Health Parameters in Healthy Elderly: The ExAMIN AGE Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 1255
Author(s):  
Hsiao-Han Chao ◽  
Yi-Hung Liao ◽  
Chun-Chung Chou
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Ankle Brachial Index ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Cardiometabolic Health ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Healthy Elderly ◽  
Metabolic Biomarkers

Background: Aging and chronic degeneration are the primary threats to cardiometabolic health in elderly populations. Regular appropriate exercise would benefit the advanced aging population. Purpose: This study investigates whether the degree of weekly tennis participation exhibits differences in primary cardiometabolic parameters, including arterial stiffness, inflammation, and metabolic biomarkers in elderly tennis players. Methods: One hundred thirty-five long-term participants in elder tennis (>50 years old) were initially screened. Twenty-six eligible and voluntary subjects were divided into high tennis time group (HT) (14 ± 1.3 h/week) and low tennis time group (LT) (4.5 ± 0.7 h/week) by stratification analysis based on the amount of tennis playing activity time. The brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV), blood pressure, ankle-brachial index (ABI), blood metabolic biomarkers, and insulin resistance were measured to compare the difference between HT and LT groups. Results: The baPWV was significantly lower in the HT group than that in the LT group (1283.92 ± 37.01 vs. 1403.69 ± 53.71 cm/s, p < 0.05). We also found that the HT insulin-resistant homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR) was significantly lower than that of LT (1.41 ± 0.11 vs. 2.27 ± 0.48 μIU/mL, p < 0.05). However, the blood lipid biomarkers (glucose, cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride) were not statistical different between HT and LT groups (p > 0.05). Conclusion: We demonstrated that under the condition of similar daily physical activity level, elderly with a higher time of tennis-playing (HT group) exhibited relatively lower arterial stiffness (lower PWV) and lower insulin resistance compared to those with lower time tennis-playing (LT).

scholarly journals Metabolic Actions of a Supplement of Ilex Paraguariensis (An Extract of the Leaf Standardized to 2% I-Deoxinojirimcina), White Mulberry and Chromium Picolinate in Nondiabetic Subects with Dysglycemia: A Randomized Trial

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 709
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Derosa ◽  
Angela D’Angelo ◽  
Pamela Maffioli
Keyword(s):  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Postprandial Glucose ◽  
Chromium Picolinate ◽  
Ilex Paraguariensis ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Glycemic Status ◽  
Assessment Index ◽  
White Mulberry

Aim: To prove if a nutraceutical containing Ilex paraguariensis (Ilex L. spp. Aquifoliales) (an extract of the leaf standardized to 2% I-deoxinojirimcina), white mulberry (Morus spp., Moraceae), and chromium picolinate can be effective in improving glycemic status in subject with dysglycemia. Methods: We randomized patients to consume placebo or the nutraceutical, self-administered once a day, one tablet at breakfast, for 3 months. Results: A reduction in fasting plasma glucose, postprandial glucose, and glycated hemoglobin was observed with the nutraceutical combination, both compared to baseline and placebo. Data suggested a decrease in the Homeostasis Model Assessment index with the nutraceutical, both compared to baseline and placebo. The M value, an index of insulin sensitivity, obtained after nutraceutical treatment was higher compared to baseline. We recorded a decrease in total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, and triglycerides with the nutraceutical combination compared to baseline and placebo. A decrease in high-sensitivity C-reactive protein was observed with the nutraceutical combination compared to baseline and placebo. Conclusions: A nutraceutical containing Ilex paraguariensis, white mulberry, and chromium picolinate can be helpful in improving glycemic status and lipid profile in dysglycemic subjects.

HDL-enriched miR-30a-5p is associated with HDL-cholesterol levels and glucose metabolism in healthy men and women

Epigenomics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrée-Anne Clément ◽  
Véronique Desgagné ◽  
Cécilia Légaré ◽  
Simon-Pierre Guay ◽  
Marjorie Boyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Women Patients ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Healthy Men ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Cardiometabolic Markers ◽  
Generation Sequencing

Aim: To investigate the associations between high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-enriched miRNAs and the cardiometabolic profile of healthy men and women. Patients & methods: miRNAs were quantified using next-generation sequencing of miRNAs extracted from purified HDL and plasma from 17 healthy men and women couples. Results: Among the HDL-enriched miRNAs, miR-30a-5p correlated positively with HDL-cholesterol levels, whereas miR-144-5p and miR-30a-5p were negatively associated with fasting insulin levels and Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance index. Overall, miR-30a-5p, miR-150-5p and sex contributed to 45% of HDL-cholesterol variance. A model containing only miR-30a-5p, age and sex explained 41% of fasting glucose variance. Conclusion: HDL-enriched miRNAs, notably miR-30a-5p, are associated with cardiometabolic markers. These miRNAs could play a role in HDL’s protective functions, particularly regarding glucose-insulin homeostasis.

scholarly journals Complement Factor C3 Methylation and mRNA Expression Is Associated to BMI and Insulin Resistance in Obesity

Genes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Castellano-Castillo ◽  
Isabel Moreno-Indias ◽  
Jose Carlos Fernandez-Garcia ◽  
Mercedes Clemente-Postigo ◽  
Manuel Castro-Cabezas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Messenger Rna ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Complement Factor ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Obese Class

Epigenetic marks, and especially DNA methylation, are becoming an important factor in obesity, which could help to explain its etiology and associated comorbidities. Adipose tissue, now considered as an important endocrine organ, produces complement system factors. Complement component 3 (C3) turns out to be an important protein in metabolic disorders, via either inflammation or the C3 subproduct acylation stimulating protein (ASP) which directly stimulates lipid storage. In this study, we analyze C3 DNA methylation in adipose tissue from subjects with a different grade of obesity. Adipose tissue samples were collected from subjects with a different degree of obesity determined by their body mass index (BMI) as: Overweight subjects (BMI ≥ 25 and <30), obese class 1/2 subjects (BMI ≥ 30 and <40) and obese class 3 subjects (BMI ≥ 40). C3 DNA methylation was measured for 7 CpGs by pyrosequencition using the Pyromark technology (Qiagen, Madrid Spain). C3 messenger RNA (mRNA) levels were analyzed by pre-designed Taqman assays (Applied biosystems, Foster City, CA, USA) and ASP/C3a was measured using a ELISA kit. The data were analyzed using the statistic package SPSS. C3 DNA methylation levels were lower in the morbid obese group. Accordingly, C3 methylation correlated negatively with BMI and leptin. However, C3 mRNA levels were more associated with insulin resistance, and positive correlations with insulin, glucose and homeostasis model assessment-estimated insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) existed. ASP correlated negatively with high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. C3 methylation levels were associated to adiposity variables, such as BMI and leptin, while the C3 mRNA levels were associated to glucose metabolism.

scholarly journals Endotrophin as a novel marker in PCOS and its relation with other adipokines and metabolic parameters: a pilot study

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 204201882110496
Author(s):  
Gurhan Guney ◽  
Mine Islimye Taskin ◽  
Ozgur Baykan ◽  
Ertan Adali ◽  
Selin Gul Tezcan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Total Testosterone ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Homeostasis Model Assessment ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome is known to be the most common hormonal disorder in women of reproductive age. Current evidence shows that regulatory proteins secreted from the adipose tissue called adipokines may have a role in polycystic ovary syndrome. We planned to investigate the role of endotrophin that has never been researched in polycystic ovary syndrome before and its correlation with other metabolic parameters and adipokines such as adiponectin and ghrelin in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. Methods: Forty-three women ( n: 43) with polycystic ovary syndrome and 43 ( n: 43) women as a control group were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Serum levels of endotrophin, adiponectin, and ghrelin levels were measured with the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol levels, luteinizing hormone/follicle-stimulating hormone ratio, total testosterone, and triglyceride levels were measured. Homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance index, body mass index, Ferriman Gallwey Score, and waist-to-hip ratio were also evaluated. Results: Total testosterone, homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance, C-reactive protein, luteinizing hormone/follicle-stimulating hormone ratio, and triglyceride levels were higher in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome ( p < 0.01). No difference was detected between the groups in terms of body mass index, Ferriman Gallwey Score, waist-to-hip ratio, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, and high-density lipoprotein levels ( p > 0.05). We did not observe any significant difference in adiponectin and ghrelin levels between the groups ( p > 0.05). Patients with polycystic ovary syndrome had significantly higher endotrophin levels ( p < 0.01). According to our regression analyses [area under the curve: 0.973 (0.935–1.000), 95% confidence interval, 95.2% sensitivity, and 100% specificity], it was shown that endotrophin greater than 92 ng/ml and homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance greater than 2.5 might be good predictors for polycystic ovary syndrome diagnosis. Conclusion: We demonstrated that endotrophin level is higher in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome and may have predicted polycystic ovary syndrome with increased homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance index. There was no significant difference in adiponectin and ghrelin levels in the polycystic ovary syndrome group. Endotrophin may have a role in polycystic ovary syndrome etiology rather than other adipokines.

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