scholarly journals Effect ofHypericum perforatumExtract in an Experimental Model of Binge Eating in Female Rats

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Vittoria Micioni Di Bonaventura ◽  
Giovanni Vitale ◽  
Maurizio Massi ◽  
Carlo Cifani
Keyword(s):  
Binge Eating ◽  
Experimental Model ◽  
Hypericum Perforatum ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Active Principle ◽  
Dry Extract ◽  
Combined Administration ◽  
Therapeutic Properties ◽  
First Time

Purpose. The present study evaluated the effect ofHypericum perforatumdry extract in an experimental model of binge eating (BE).Methods. BE for highly palatable food (HPF) was evoked in female rats by three 8-day cycles of food restriction/re-feeding and acute stress on the test day (day 25). Stress was induced by preventing access to HPF for 15 min, while rats were able to see and smell it.Hypericum perforatumdry extract was given by gavage.Results. Only rats exposed to both food restrictions and stress exhibited BE. The doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg ofHypericum perforatumextract significantly reduced the BE episode, while 125 mg/kg was ineffective. The same doses did not affect HPF intake in the absence of BE. The dose of 250 mg/kg did not significantly modify stress-induced increase in serum corticosterone levels, suggesting that the effect on BE is not due to suppression of the stress response The combined administration of 125 mg/kg ofHypericum perforatumtogether with Salidroside, active principle ofRhodiola rosea, produced a synergic effect on BE.Conclusions. The present results indicate for the first time thatHypericum perforatumextracts may have therapeutic properties in bingeing-related eating disorders.

Sexual Behavior is Enhanced by Regular, Repeated Mating from Young Adulthood to Middle Age in Female Long-Evans Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-177
Author(s):  
Fay A. Guarraci ◽  
Chantal M.F. Gonzalez ◽  
Devon Lucero ◽  
Lourdes K. Davis ◽  
Sarah H. Meerts
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Behavior ◽  
Mating Behavior ◽  
Preference Test ◽  
Sexual History ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rat ◽  
Female Rat ◽  
Repeated Mating ◽  
First Time ◽  
Mating Tests

Background: Aging is associated neuroendocrine changes in women. Animals can be used to model these changes, as well as changes in reproductive behavior. Objective: The current study was designed to characterize mating behavior across age and assess the effects of age and sexual history on mating behavior. Methods: Sexual motivation was assessed using the partner-preference test, in which a female rat is given the choice to interact with a same-sex conspecific or a sexually-vigorous male rat, with which she can mate. Results: Across repeated mating tests (2-12 months of age), female rats spent more time with the male, displayed more solicitation behaviors, were less likely to leave the male after mounts, but visited both stimulus animals less frequently. Comparing a separate group of age-matched, hormoneyoked female rats mated for the first time at 12 months of age to female rats mated for the first time at 2 months of age showed that the 12 month rats visited both stimulus animals less, were less likely to leave the male after mounts, took longer to return to the male after mounts, and displayed fewer solicitation behaviors than their younger counterparts. Relative to middle-aged female rats once they were sexually experienced, 12 month naïve rats spent less time with the male, were more likely to leave the male after mounts, and displayed fewer solicitation behaviors. Furthermore, 12 month naïve rats failed to discriminate between the stimulus animals, visiting both stimulus animals at the same rate unlike 2 month naïve or 12 month experienced rats. Conclusion: Taken together, these results suggest that aging affects some measures of sexual behavior, but most effects of age can be mitigated by regular, repeated mating.

scholarly journals Pressurized Hot Liquid Extraction with 15% v/v Glycerol-Water as an Effective Environment-Friendly Process to Obtain Durvillaea Incurvata and Lessonia Spicata Phlorotannin Extracts with Antioxidant and Antihyperglycemic Potential

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1105
Author(s):  
Fernanda Erpel ◽  
María Salomé Mariotti-Celis ◽  
Javier Parada ◽  
Franco Pedreschi ◽  
José Ricardo Pérez-Correa
Keyword(s):  
Brown Seaweed ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Liquid Extraction ◽  
Southern Chile ◽  
Polyphenol Content ◽  
Glycerol Water ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
Dry Extract ◽  
First Time ◽  
Anatomical Part

Brown seaweed phlorotannins have shown the potential to promote several health benefits. Durvillaea incurvata and Lessonia spicata—species that are widely distributed in central and southern Chile—were investigated to obtain phlorotannin extracts with antioxidant and antihyperglycemic potential. The use of an environmentally friendly and food-grade glycerol-based pressurized hot liquid extraction (PHLE) process (15% v/v glycerol water) was assessed for the first time to obtain phlorotannins. Multiple effects were analyzed, including the effect of the species, harvesting area (Las Cruces and Niebla), and anatomical part (holdfast, stipe, and frond) on the extracts’ polyphenol content (TPC), antioxidant capacity (AC), and carbohydrate-hydrolyzing enzyme—α-glucosidase and α-amylase—inhibitory activity. Contaminants, such as mannitol, heavy metals (As, Cd, Pb, Hg, and Sn), and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), were also determined. The anatomical part used demonstrated a significant impact on the extracts’ TPC and AC, with holdfasts showing the highest values (TPC: 95 ± 24 mg phloroglucinol equivalents/g dry extract; DPPH: 400 ± 140 μmol Trolox equivalents/g dry extract; ORAC: 560 ± 130 μmol TE/g dry extract). Accordingly, holdfast extracts presented the most potent α-glucosidase inhibition, with D. incurvata from Niebla showing an activity equivalent to fifteen times that of acarbose. Only one frond and stipe extract showed significant α-glucosidase inhibitory capacity. No α-amylase inhibition was found in any extract. Although no HMF was detected, potentially hazardous cadmium levels (over the French limit) and substantial mannitol concentrations—reaching up to 50% of the extract dry weight—were found in most seaweed samples and extracts. Therefore, further purification steps are suggested if food or pharmaceutical applications are intended for the seaweed PHLE extracts obtained in this study.

scholarly journals Pathophysiology characteristics of the experimental model of obesity in female rats induced neonatal administration of monosodium glutamate

2016 ◽  
Vol 0 (3 (3)) ◽  
pp. 14-18
Author(s):  
Вікторія Василівна Конопельнюк ◽  
Ірина Юріївна Прибитько ◽  
Олена Іванівна Цирюк ◽  
Тетяна Михайлівна Фалалєєва
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Model ◽  
Monosodium Glutamate ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Neonatal Administration

Toxic Effects of Aluminium on Female Reproductive System in Presence of Ethanol Coexposure

2021 ◽  
pp. 3809-3815
Author(s):  
Buddhadeb Ghosh ◽  
Ravi Kant Sharma ◽  
Suman Yadav ◽  
Ankita Randev
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Granulosa Cells ◽  
Reproductive Toxicity ◽  
Concomitant Administration ◽  
Exposure Period ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Combined Administration ◽  
Increasing Trends

Both aluminium and ethanol are pro-oxidants and toxic. Uncontrolled use of aluminium and increasing trends of ethanol consumption in India increased the chance of coexposure to aluminium and ethanol. There are possibilities, that both of them follow common mechanisms to produce reproductive toxicity. The present study was planned to identify the effects of aluminium administration on the microscopic structure of ovary and to clarify any possible protection conferred by the concomitant administration of ethanol. Sixteen female rats divided into one control and three experimental groups exposed to aluminium (4.2mg/kg body weight) and ethanol (1gm/kg body weight) for 3 months. After the exposure period, ovaries were processed for light microscopic examination. Ovary showed significant atretic follicles with degenerated ova and vacuolation. Rupture of zona pellucida in oocyte seen in aluminium treated animals. Ethanol treated group showing absence of growing follicles, increased large corpora lutea. Dilated and congested vessels were observed in the growing follicle. The effects of combined administration of aluminium and ethanol treated groups showed with acute degeneration of growing follicles, with desquamation of pyknotic granulosa cells and degenerated oocyte. Multiple vacuoles of degenerated granulosa cells with dilated congested vessels and edema seen. Hyaline material seen inside the degenerating follicles. It has been suggested that the ethanol induced augmentation of impacts of aluminium on the Ovary.

The influence of dry extract Potentilla alba L. on the generative function of female rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 28-33
Author(s):  
A.N. Babenko ◽  
L.V. Krepkova ◽  
O.P. Dmitrieva ◽  
S.V. Lemyaseva ◽  
M.V. Borovkova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Female Rats ◽  
Dry Extract

Regulation of adenosine A2Areceptor gene expression in a model of binge eating in the amygdaloid complex of female rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (12) ◽  
pp. 1550-1561 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Vittoria Micioni Di Bonaventura ◽  
Mariangela Pucci ◽  
Maria Elena Giusepponi ◽  
Adele Romano ◽  
Catia Lambertucci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Binge Eating ◽  
Epigenetic Regulation ◽  
Methylation Status ◽  
Amygdaloid Complex ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Compensatory Mechanism ◽  
Mrna Levels

Background:Pharmacological treatment approaches for eating disorders, such as binge eating disorder and bulimia nervosa, are currently limited.Methods and aims:Using a well-characterized animal model of binge eating, we investigated the epigenetic regulation of the A2AAdenosine Receptor (A2AAR) and dopaminergic D2 receptor (D2R) genes.Results:Gene expression analysis revealed a selective increase of both receptor mRNAs in the amygdaloid complex of stressed and restricted rats, which exhibited binge-like eating, when compared to non-stressed and non-restricted rats. Consistently, pyrosequencing analysis revealed a significant reduction of the percentage of DNA methylation but only at the A2AAR promoter region in rats showing binge-like behaviour compared to the control animals. Focusing thus on A2AAR agonist (VT 7) administration (which inhibited the episode of binge systemically at 0.1 mg/kg or intra-central amygdala (CeA) injection at 900 ng/side) induced a significant increase of A2AAR mRNA levels in restricted and stressed rats when compared to the control group. In addition, we observed a significant decrease in A2AAR mRNA levels in rats treated with the A2AAR antagonist (ANR 94) at 1 mg/kg. Consistent changes in the DNA methylation status of the A2AAR promoter were found in restricted and stressed rats after administration of VT 7 or ANR 94.Conclusion:We confirm the role of A2AAR in binge eating behaviours, and we underline the importance of epigenetic regulation of the A2AAR gene, possibly due to a compensatory mechanism to counteract the effect of binge eating. We suggest that A2AAR activation, inducing receptor gene up-regulation, could be relevant to reduction of food consumption.

scholarly journals Array of Metabolites in Italian Hericium erinaceus Mycelium, Primordium, and Sporophore

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (19) ◽  
pp. 3511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federica Corana ◽  
Valentina Cesaroni ◽  
Barbara Mannucci ◽  
Rebecca Michela Baiguera ◽  
Anna Maria Picco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Supplements ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Medicinal Mushroom ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Hericium Erinaceus ◽  
Esi Ms ◽  
Therapeutic Properties ◽  
Erinacine A ◽  
First Time

Hericium erinaceus is a medicinal mushroom that contains many molecules promising a plethora of therapeutic properties. In this study, the strain H.e.2 (MicUNIPV, University of Pavia, Italy) was isolated from a sporophore collected in Tuscany (Italy). Mycelium, primordium, and wild type and cultivated sporophores were analyzed by HPLC-UV-ESI/MS. Erinacine A in the mycelium and hericenones C and D in the sporophores were quantified by comparison with their standard molecules. For the first time, H. erinaceus primordium was also investigated for the presence of these molecules. Comparing with the literature data, hericenes, molecules structurally similar to hericenones, were present in all our samples. The highest contents of hericenones C and D were detected in cultivated sporophores, compared to the wild type. The comparison of these data with those of another Italian H. erinaceus strain (H.e.1 MicUNIPV) was discussed. The results led us to select H. erinaceus strains more suitable for mycelium production or sporophore cultivation to obtain extracts with a higher content of bioactive compounds. This work provides a further step towards standardizing the procedures in the development of dietary supplements made from mushrooms.

scholarly journals A mesostructured hybrid CTA–silica carrier for curcumin delivery

2020 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 236-246
Author(s):  
Marta Gallo ◽  
Fabio Giudice ◽  
Mauro Banchero ◽  
Silvia Ronchetti ◽  
Luigi Manna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Solubility ◽  
Uv Spectroscopy ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Topical Administration ◽  
Release Mechanism ◽  
Active Principle ◽  
One Pot ◽  
Drug Release Mechanism ◽  
Sol Gel Synthesis ◽  
First Time

Abstract Curcumin is a natural active principle with antioxidant, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties. Its use is limited by a low water solubility and fast degradation rate, which hinder its bioavailability. To overcome this problem, curcumin can be delivered through a carrier, which protects the drug molecule and enhances its pharmacological effects. The present work proposes a simple one-pot sol–gel synthesis to obtain a hybrid carrier for curcumin delivery. The hybrid consists of a mesostructured matrix of amorphous silica, which stabilizes the carrier, and hexadecyltrimethylammonium (CTA), a surfactant where curcumin is dissolved to increase its water solubility. The carrier was characterized in terms of morphology (FESEM), physicochemical properties (XRD, FTIR, UV spectroscopy) and release capability in pseudo-physiological solutions. Results show that curcumin molecules were entrapped, for the first time, in a silica-surfactant mesostructured hybrid carrier. The hybrid carrier successfully released curcumin in artificial sweat and in a phosphate buffer saline solution, so confirming its efficacy in increasing curcumin water solubility. The proposed drug release mechanism relies on the degradation of the carrier, which involves the concurrent release of silicon. This suggests strong potentialities for topical administration applications, since curcumin is effective against many dermal diseases while silicon is beneficial to the skin.

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