scholarly journals Everyday Prospective Memory and Executive Function Deficits Associated with Exposure to Second-Hand Smoke

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas M. Heffernan ◽  
Terence S. O'Neill
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Prospective Memory ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Second Hand Smoke ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Retrospective Memory ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Detrimental Impact ◽  
Memory Questionnaire

This study explored whether exposure to second-hand smoke (SHS) has a detrimental impact upon everyday memory in two groups of non-smokers; one which reported regular exposure to SHS and one that reported never having been exposed to SHS. Thirty-four non-smokers who reported having been regularly exposed to SHS (SHS group) and 34 non-smokers who reported never having been exposed to SHS (non-SHS group) were compared on self-reports of prospective memory (PM: remembering future intentions and/or activities) and executive function (EF: those processes involved in attention, multitasking and decision-making). The Prospective and Retrospective Memory Questionnaire (PRMQ) assessed everyday PM lapses; the Executive Function Questionnaire (EFQ) assessed self-reported problems in EF; a drug-use questionnaire and a mood questionnaire were also administered. Two univariate ANCOVAs were applied to the PM and EF data, controlling for between-group differences in age, weekly alcohol use, anxiety and depression scores, and self-reported retrospective memory scores. The SHS group reported significantly more lapses on the PRMQ and more deficits on the EFQ than the non-SHS group. These findings provide new insights into PM and EF deficits associated with prolonged exposure to SHS in a group of non-smokers. Possible explanations and suggestions for future research are also considered.

scholarly journals Prospective memory in students with learning disabilities

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 161-169
Author(s):  
Razaan Alotaibi ◽  
Kowthar Ali
Keyword(s):  
Middle School ◽  
Learning Disabilities ◽  
Prospective Memory ◽  
Retrospective Memory ◽  
Students With Learning Disabilities ◽  
The Past ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Future ◽  
Students With Ld ◽  
Memory Questionnaire

Introduction. The importance of memory is not restricted to remembering the knowledge and experiences of the past retrospective memory (RM), but also to remember what an individual must accomplish in the future prospective memory (PM). Objectives. The aim of this study was to identify RM and PM levels in students with learning disabilities (LD) according to some variables (gender, grade) and to identify the differences between the two types of memories. Methods. The study followed the comparative descriptive statistics. The study sample consisted of 37 male and female students with LD in middle school. The Prospective and Retrospective Memory Questionnaire (PRMQ) was used in this study. Results. The results include the following: a statistically significant decrease from the average in PM and RM levels in students with LD, the existence of statistically significant differences between PM and RM in students with LD for the RM, the presence of statistically significant differences in the PM and RM according to the gender variable for females, and the presence of statistically significant differences in PM and RM according to the grade variable for the third grade of middle school. Conclusion. Students with LD may suffer from a decrease in their capacity to remember in the future, which causes many difficulties in daily life. We guide teachers to use external AIDS for students with LD (such as writing notes) to help students remember performing their tasks.

scholarly journals Checking Behaviours, Prospective Memory and Executive Functions

2015 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorna Elise Palmer ◽  
Kevin Durkin ◽  
Sinéad M. Rhodes
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Prospective Memory ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
State University ◽  
Washington State University ◽  
Symptom Profile ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Memory Questionnaire

Explanations implicating memory in the causes and severity of checking symptoms have focused primarily on retrospective memory, and relatively little attention has been paid to prospective memory. Limited research has examined the relationship between prospective memory and executive functions. We assessed whether impairments in prospective memory and executive function predict checking symptoms in a sample of 106 adults. Checking symptoms were assessed using the Padua Inventory Washington State University Revision (PI-WSUR). All participants completed the prospective memory questionnaire (PMQ) and four computerised executive function tasks from the CANTAB, measuring inhibition, planning, attention set-shifting and working memory. Prospective memory and inhibition predicted checking symptom severity. Importantly, there were no correlations between internally cued prospective memory and inhibition or between prospective memory aiding strategies and inhibition. These variables appear to have an independent role in checking. The current findings highlight prospective memory and inhibition as key contributors to the checking symptom profile and provide the first evidence that these cognitive processes may independently contribute to checking symptoms. These findings have implications for a model in which memory performance is thought to be secondary to impairments in executive functions.

Prospective Memory

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebekah E. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Prospective Memory ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Prospective Memory Task ◽  
Retrospective Memory ◽  
Memory Processes ◽  
Intended Action ◽  
Event Based ◽  
New Framework

Prospective memory involves remembering to perform an action when there is a delay between forming the intention to act and the point at which the action can be carried out. The distinction between time- and event-based prospective memory, the typical laboratory paradigm, and the concept of cost as a measure of the extent to which attention is allocated to the prospective memory task at the expense of other activities are described. Two theories of prospective memory are compared. Also noted is that prospective memory involves retrospective memory processes, for remembering what the intended action is and remembering when the action is to be performed, and a prospective component for remembering that something is to be done. The new concept of metaintentions or metaintentional processes is introduced along with a new framework for organizing existing research and motivating future research. The literature is reviewed within the structure of this new framework.

scholarly journals Alcohol Hangover Has Detrimental Impact Upon Both Executive Function and Prospective Memory

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Heffernan ◽  
Abby Samuels ◽  
Colin Hamilton ◽  
Michael McGrath-Brookes
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Prospective Memory ◽  
Alcohol Hangover ◽  
Detrimental Impact

Effect of Cognitive Style on Prospective-Retrospective Memory Slips

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip C. Mefoh ◽  
Valentine C. Ezeh
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Cognitive Style ◽  
Prospective Memory ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Retrospective Memory ◽  
Field Independence ◽  
Embedded Figures Test ◽  
Embedded Figures ◽  
The University ◽  
Memory Questionnaire

Abstract. We examined the effect of cognitive style on prospective and retrospective memory slips using the Group Embedded Figures Test (GEFT) and the Prospective and Retrospective Memory Questionnaire (PRMQ). A group of 233 undergraduate students (55% women) of the University of Nigeria, Nsukka, whose mean age was 19.66 years (SD = 3.02), participated in this study. Using bivariate linear regression to analyze the data, we found that cognitive style accounted for 7% of the variation in prospective memory slips and 21% of the variation in retrospective memory slips. The findings demonstrated that cognitive style significantly negatively predicted prospective and retrospective memory slips: As field independence increased, prospective and retrospective memory slips decreased.

scholarly journals A Standardized Prospective Memory Evaluation of the Effects of COVID-19 Confinement on Young Students

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (17) ◽  
pp. 3919
Author(s):  
Francesca Pisano ◽  
Giulia Torromino ◽  
Daniela Brachi ◽  
Agnese Quadrini ◽  
Chiara Incoccia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Standardized Tests ◽  
Prospective Memory ◽  
Psychology Students ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Psychological Wellbeing ◽  
Retrospective Memory ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Young Students ◽  
Anxiety Depression

The restriction imposed worldwide for limiting the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) globally impacted our lives, decreasing people’s wellbeing, causing increased anxiety, depression, and stress and affecting cognitive functions, such as memory. Recent studies reported decreased working memory (WM) and prospective memory (PM), which are pivotal for the ability to plan and perform future activities. Although the number of studies documenting the COVID-19 effects has recently blossomed, most of them employed self-reported questionnaires as the assessment method. The main aim of our study was to use standardized tests to evaluate WM and PM in a population of young students. A sample of 150 female psychology students was recruited online for the administration of two self-reported questionnaires that investigated psychological wellbeing (DASS-21), prospective, and retrospective memory (PRMQ). Subjects were also administered two standardized tests for WM (PASAT) and PM (MIST). We found increased anxiety, depression, and stress and decreased PM as measured by self-reports. The perceived memory failures agreed with the results from the standardized tests, which demonstrated a decrease in both WM and PM. Thus, COVID-19 restriction has strongly impacted on students’ mental health and memory abilities, leaving an urgent need for psychological and cognitive recovery plans.

Smoking impedes executive function and related prospective memory

2014 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 159-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. M. Heffernan ◽  
A. Carling ◽  
T. S. O’Neill ◽  
C. Hamilton
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Prospective Memory ◽  
Digit Span ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Group A ◽  
Event Based ◽  
Anxiety Depression ◽  
The Brain

ObjectiveThis study assessed both executive function (EF) and prospective memory (PM) in a group of current smokers (CS) to observe whether deficits in both sets of memory processes co-existed in smokers, comparing this group with a group who had never smoked (NS).MethodAn existing-groups design was used to compare smokers with the NS group on a Reserve Digit Span Task (RDST) that measured EF and the Cambridge Prospective Memory Test (CAMPROMPT) measuring PM. Age, mood, other drug use and IQ were also measured and controlled for in the study.ResultsAfter omitting anyone using an illegal substance and observing no between-group differences in age, gender, anxiety, depression, alcohol use and IQ, the CS group performed significantly worse on the RDST and recalled significantly fewer time-based and event-based tasks on CAMPROMPT, compared with the NS group.ConclusionsBoth EF and PM deficits were evident in the same cohort of CS when compared with a NS group, a finding which is novel in the current literature. Since both EF and PM are interrelated in that they share common resources in the brain, the finding that both sets of deficits co-existed in smokers suggests that persistent cigarette smoking impedes these underlying resources.

Quick to Act, Quick to Forget: The Link between Impulsiveness and Prospective Memory

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 560-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carrie Cuttler ◽  
Tonia Relkov ◽  
Steven Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Prospective Memory ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Retrospective Memory ◽  
Personality Psychology ◽  
Memory Tests ◽  
Mediation Analyses ◽  
Unique Predictor ◽  
Memory Questionnaire ◽  
Prospective Memory Performance

Several traits of impulsiveness (e.g. lack of planning and perseverance, difficulty focusing attention) seem intimately connected to the skills required for successful prospective memory performance. This is the first study to examine whether the various inter–correlated dimensions of impulsiveness are related to problems with prospective memory. Undergraduate students (N = 184) completed the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale 11, the Prospective Memory Questionnaire, the Prospective and Retrospective Memory Questionnaire, and two objective prospective memory tests. Results revealed consistent correlations between the various dimensions of impulsiveness (attentional, motor, non–planning) and self–reported problems with prospective memory. Subsequent regression analyses indicated that attentional impulsiveness is a unique predictor of self–reported problems with internally cued prospective memory, and non–planning impulsiveness is a unique predictor of self–reported problems with episodic and overall prospective memory. Similarly, findings from the objective prospective tests showed that non–planning impulsiveness was related to worse performance on the two prospective memory tests. Whereas non–planning impulsiveness was also related to using fewer prospective memory–aiding strategies, mediation analyses showed that use of these strategies does not account for any of the detected relationships. Because the findings suggest that a failure to plan does not underlie the detected effects, other potential explanations for the relationships are discussed. Copyright © 2013 European Association of Personality Psychology

Executive Functions and Clinical and Academic Outcomes in Speech-Language Pathology Graduate Students

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 1221-1230
Author(s):  
Jane Roitsch ◽  
Kimberly A. Murphy ◽  
Anastasia M. Raymer
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Academic Outcomes ◽  
Graduate Program ◽  
Performance Outcomes ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Speech Language Pathology ◽  
Grade Point ◽  
Praxis Ii ◽  
Language Pathology ◽  
Preliminary Study

Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate executive function measures as they relate to clinical and academic performance outcomes of graduate speech-language pathology students. Method An observational design incorporating correlations and stepwise multiple regressions was used to determine the strength of the relationships between clinical outcomes that occurred at various time points throughout the graduate program (clinical coursework grades throughout the program and case study paper scores at the end of the program), academic outcomes (graduate grade point average and Praxis II exam in speech-language pathology scores), and executive function (EF) scores (EF assessment scores, self-reported EF scores). Participants were 37 students (36 women, M age = 24.1) in a master's degree program in speech-language pathology at a southeastern U.S. university during the 2017–2018 academic year. Results Findings of this preliminary study indicated that a limited number of objective EF scores and self-reported EF scores were related to clinical and academic outcomes of graduate speech-language pathology students. Conclusion As results of this preliminary study suggest that EF tests may be related to clinical and academic outcomes, future research can move to study the potential role of EF measures in the graduate admissions process in clinical graduate programs such as speech-language pathology.

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