scholarly journals A Review of Structural Performance of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Fiber in Polymer Composites

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Mahjoub ◽  
Jamaludin Bin Mohamad Yatim ◽  
Abdul Rahman Mohd Sam
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Phenol Formaldehyde ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Strain Diagram ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunch ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Chemical Surface ◽  
Bearing Loads

According to environmental concerns and financial problems, natural fibers have become interesting and fascinating nowadays to be used as an industrial material and structural material for rehabilitating of structures. Oil palm empty fruit bunch fiber (OPF) is a natural fiber which is found a lot in tropical areas. Scientists have used OPF fiber with many types of resins such as epoxy, polypropylene, polyester, and phenol formaldehyde. Therefore, this paper focused on the properties of OPF fiber and gathered mechanical properties of OPF composites (OPF as reinforcement of polymer) reported by other researchers in terms of tensile and flexural properties. Furthermore, the chemical surface modification methods to solve the interfacial bonding of fiber and polymer were mentioned. In addition, the results of hybrid composites of OPF were also discussed in this paper. Meanwhile, the results of composites were compared to pure resin properties and also the stress-strain diagram and internal strain energy of composites were considered. Besides, the effects of adding OPF to other composites to make a new hybrid composite were indicated. Finally, it is clear that the use of oil palm fiber composites for structural elements for bearing loads is not recommended but the usage of OPF composites for secondary structural elements may be recommended due to future researches.

scholarly journals Enhancement of Oil Palm Waste Nanoparticles on the Properties and Characterization of Hybrid Plywood Biocomposites

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arif Nuryawan ◽  
C. Abdullah ◽  
Che Hazwan ◽  
N. Olaiya ◽  
Esam Yahya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Phenol Formaldehyde ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunch ◽  
Oil Palm Trunk ◽  
Stability Performance ◽  
Properties And Characterization

Using oil palm trunk (OPT) layered with empty fruit bunch (EFB), so-called hybrid plywood enhanced with palm oil ash nanoparticles, with phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resin as a binder, was produced in this study. The phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resins filled with different loading of oil palm ash (OPA) nanoparticles were prepared and used as glue for layers of the oil palm trunk (OPT) veneer and empty fruit bunch fibre mat. The resulting hybrid plywood produced was characterised. The physical, mechanical, thermal, and morphological properties of the hybrid plywood panels were investigated. The results obtained showed that the presence of OPA nanoparticles significantly affected the physical, mechanical, and thermal properties of the plywood panels. Significant improvements in dimension from water absorption and thickness swelling experiments were obtained for the plywood panels with the highest OPA nanoparticles loading in PF resin. The mechanical properties indicated that plywood composites showed improvement in flexural, shear, and impact properties until a certain loading of OPA nanoparticles in PF resin. Fracture surface morphology also showed the effectiveness of OPA nanoparticles in the reduction of layer breakage due to force and stress distribution. The thermal stability performance showed that PF filled OPA nanoparticles contributed to the thermal stability of the plywood panels. Therefore, the results obtained in this study showed that OPA nanoparticles certainly improved the characteristic of the hybrid plywood.

Degradation Behaviour of Nanosilica Enhanced Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Fiber Epoxy Composites

2020 ◽  
Vol 305 ◽  
pp. 28-35
Author(s):  
Anslem Wong Tsu An ◽  
Sujan Debnath ◽  
Vincent Lee Chieng Chen ◽  
Moola Mohan Reddy ◽  
Alokesh Pramanik
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Fiber Composites ◽  
Epoxy Composites ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunch ◽  
Degradation Behaviour ◽  
Brine Solution

In recent years, studies regarding natural fiber reinforced composites have been increased as they are biodegradable with good mechanical performance therefore can help to overcome the environmental issue. As the natural fibers are easy to obtain, many industries have started to make use of natural fiber composites which are light in weight and possess good mechanical properties. However, the natural fiber composites also possess certain limitations most importantly their high moisture absorption ability which makes them incompatible at degradable environment. The fiber constituents of natural fiber composite may have different type of interactions at different environmental conditions. In addition, the involvement of nanoparticles in the composite may be the solution to overcome the deficiencies. In this research, the degradation behaviour of Oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) fibers reinforced epoxy composites upon exposure to degradable environmental conditions and the effect of adding nanoparticles have been studied. The tensile tests were conducted before and after the exposure to different environmental conditions including plain water, moist soil, brine solution, and cooking oil. Results shows that the addition of 10wt% of OPEFB fiber to the epoxy composites had improved the mechanical tensile strength up to 15.97% and composites exposed to brine solution have the most prominent sign of degradation in mechanical properties in both composites with and without nanosilica. Nevertheless, the composites with nanosilica have shown up to 24.28% improvement in tensile strength after exposure to different environmental conditions. The improvement were attributed due to filling the voids of the composites with nanosilica and good interfacial adhesion between the nanofiller, fiber, and matrix.

scholarly journals Low Velocity Impact and Compression after Impact Properties on Gamma Irradiated Kevlar/Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Hybrid Composites

Coatings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 646
Author(s):  
Siti Madiha Muhammad Amir ◽  
Mohamed Thariq Hameed Sultan ◽  
Ain Umaira Md Shah ◽  
Mohammad Jawaid ◽  
Syafiqah Nur Azrie Safri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Composite Structures ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Low Velocity Impact ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunch ◽  
Low Velocity ◽  
Velocity Impact ◽  
Compression After Impact

This work investigates the dynamic impact response of Kevlar/oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) hybrid composite structures with/without gamma radiation under low velocity impact (LVI) and compression after impact (CAI) test. The layering pattern Kevlar/oil palm EFB/Kevlar (K/OP/K) was applied in this work. Irradiation with gamma ray with various doses were applied from 25–150 kGy. LVI results shows that hybrid Kevlar/oil palm EFBs (Kevlar/OPEFB) that were not irradiated have greater impact resistance as compared to irradiated hybrid Kevlar/OPEFB. It was also observed that the hybridization of Kevlar/OPEFB with gamma irradiation helped to improve the compressive residual strength of the composites. It was found that Kevlar/OPEFB hybrid composites with the layering sequence K/OP/K can withstand up to 35 J of impact energy, with the optimum gamma radiation dose at 50 kGy.

Experimental Investigation on Mechanical Properties of Carbon-Flax-Glass Hybrid Composites

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Dinesh ◽  
R. Asokan ◽  
S. Vignesh ◽  
Chitikena Phani Kumar ◽  
Rajulapati Ravichand
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Thermal Load ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Thermal Exposure ◽  
Stacking Sequence ◽  
Specific Strength ◽  
Hybrid Laminates ◽  
Fiber Materials

Over the years, application of composite materials has got wider. So there is a necessity for development of new materials to satisfy the environmental requirements. It is viable through the process of hybridization of natural fibers to synthetic fibers. This investigation is carried out to determine the tensile and flexural strength of hybrid composites with various fiber combinations and stacking sequence. Thus it is easy to identify the natural fiber hybrid combination with high mechanical properties under static and varying thermal load conditions. The various fiber materials are meticulously chosen and three conventional and six different hybrid laminates were fabricated with various stacking sequences of selected fibers using hand layup technique. The tensile and flexural properties are determined through mechanical testing and compared with conventional materials. The failure morphologies are captured and investigated with zoom optical cameras. On analyzing the results, it is observed that carbon-flax hybrid composites exhibit nearly equivalent specific strength at a reduced cost compared to the carbon/glass fiber hybrid composites and also the effect of the stacking sequence in mechanical properties is elucidated through this study. Varying thermal load analysis reveals that there is a considerable loss in mechanical properties due to thermal exposure.

Polypropylene–oil palm empty fruit bunch–glass fibre hybrid composites: a preliminary study on the flexural and tensile properties

2001 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 1283-1291 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.D. Rozman ◽  
G.S. Tay ◽  
R.N. Kumar ◽  
A. Abusamah ◽  
H. Ismail ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Glass Fibre ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunch ◽  
Preliminary Study

scholarly journals Development and Testing of Pine Apple and Glass Fiber Reinforced Epoxy Hybrid Composites

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 2450-2453
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Glass Fiber ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Fiber Composites ◽  
Epoxy Composites ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Synthetic Fibers ◽  
Glass Fiber Reinforced

Usage of Natural Fiber Composites (NFC) is increased rapidly due to the bio degradability nature of the fibers. These natural fibers are mixed with synthetic fibers to obtain better mechanical properties. In this study, pine apple and glass fiber reinforced epoxy composites are developed and their mechanical properties were evaluated. Composites were prepared by varying the fibers content and by using hand layup process with glass moulds of size 160 x 160 x 3 mm3 . The obtained laminates were sliced as per the ASTM criterion to test the properties. Higher glass fiber content in the composite specimen obtained higher mechanical properties. The composites can be utilized for the purpose of manufacturing components like doors panels, desks, roof tops etc.

scholarly journals Mechanical and Impact Damage Analysis on Carbon/Natural Fibers Hybrid Composites: A Review

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlo Santulli
Keyword(s):  
Composite Laminates ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Impact Damage ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Fiber Composites ◽  
Carbon Fiber Composites ◽  
Impact Performance ◽  
Modes Of Failure ◽  
Post Impact

Hybrid composite laminates including carbon fibers and natural fibers, hence basalt and/or vegetable ones, draw on the experiences accumulated in studying the hybridization of fiberglass with carbon or natural fibers. Yet, in the case of carbon/natural fiber composites, the sense is different: in particular, the idea is to accept the reduction of properties from bare carbon fiber composites and the unavoidable complication in processing, induced by hybridization. The compensation obtained, which offers a rationale to this operation, is the improved toughness and a significant modification of the different modes of failure. This would bring a higher energy absorption and a substantially more effective damage tolerance. The aforementioned characteristics are particularly of interest in the case of flexural properties, impact properties, and residual post-impact performance.

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