Mechanical Properties of Natural Rubber Nanocomposites Filled with Thermally Treated Attapulgite

Natural rubber (NR) nanocomposites were prepared in a double-roller plasticator mixer with purified attapulgite (PAT) or modified attapulgite, which was treated at 450°C (PAT-450) and 850°C (PAT-850) for two hours. The structures of the pristine, purified, and modified attapulgite were characterized by FTIR, TEM, XRD, and BET. The results indicated that the structure of attapulgite changed with the increased temperature. The effects of the PAT treatment and content on the mechanical properties of the NR nanocomposites were also investigated. The results showed that AT increased curing process of natural rubber. A significant improvement in the tensile strength, wearability, and solvent resistance of the nanocomposites was observed with the addition of different types of attapulgite as compared to those of pure NR. Scanning electron microscope images showed that the filler was located at the interface, which induced compatibilization in the immiscible blends. Thermogravimetric analysis revealed a significant improvement in the thermal stability of the NR/PAT nanocomposites.

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The Mechanical Properties of Modified Attapulgite Reinforced Nature Rubber and Styrene-Butadiene Rubber Nanocomposites

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.150-151.762 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 150-151 ◽

pp. 762-765

Author(s):

Ji Hu Wang ◽

Hong Bo Liu ◽

Shao Guo Wen ◽

Yan Shen

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Tensile Strength ◽

Natural Rubber ◽

Coupling Agent ◽

Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽

Butadiene Rubber ◽

The Matrix ◽

Modified Attapulgite ◽

Rubber Nanocomposites ◽

Styrene Butadiene

Attapulgite (AT)/natural rubber (NR)/ styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) nanocomposites have been prepared after attapulgite was modified by different coupling agent. The treatment of AT caused the adhesion between AT nanorods and the nature rubber/styrene-butadiene rubber was improved, which enhanced the tensile properties of the matrix. The tensile strength of composites attained 15.6 MPa after AT was modified by 3%wt Si-69 coupling with addition of 20 phr.

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Influence of the Type of Alkylamine Organic Modifiers on Thermal Mechanical Behavior and other Related Properties of Natural Rubber/Clay Nanocomposites

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.844.217 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 844 ◽

pp. 217-220 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Uraiwan Sookyung ◽

Woothichai Thaijaroen ◽

Norbert Vennemann ◽

Charoen Nakason

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Thermal Stability ◽

Stress Relaxation ◽

Natural Rubber ◽

The Other ◽

Clay Nanocomposites ◽

Organic Modifier ◽

Organic Modifiers ◽

Different Types ◽

Thermal Stability Of

Sodium-montmorillonite (Na-MMT) nanoclay was modified with different types of alkylamine organic modifier including primary and quaternary alkylamines. Influence types of alkylamine on properties of natural rubber/clay nanocomposites was investigated. It was found that organoclays caused improvement of mechanical properties of natural rubber, and accelerated vulcanization reaction with higher degree of crosslinking. In addition, organoclay modified with quaternary alkylamine showed significance cure reversion phenomenon which caused reduction of thermal stability. On the other hand, primary alkylamine modified nanoclay caused improvement of thermal stability of natural rubber. Moreover, stress relaxation was observed at the melting temperature of the modifying agent.

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Hierarchical Design and Nanomechanics of the Calcified Byssus of Anomia simplex

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-1187-kk05-09 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 1187 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jakob R Eltzholtz ◽

Marie Krogsgaard ◽

Henrik Birkedal

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Mechanical Properties ◽

Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽

Mechanical Performance ◽

Blue Mussel ◽

Hierarchical Design ◽

Reduced Modulus ◽

Different Types ◽

Microscopy Images ◽

Scanning Electron

AbstractBiology has evolved several strategies for attachment of sedentary animals. In the bivalves, byssi abound and the best known example being the protein-based byssus of the blue mussel and other Mytilidae. In contrast the bivalve Anomia sp. has a single calcified thread. The byssus is hierarchical in design and contains several different types of structures as revealed by scanning electron microscopy images. The mechanical properties of the byssus are probed by nanoindentation. It is found that the mineralized part of the byssus is very stiff with a reduced modulus of about 67 GPa and a hardness of ˜3.7 GPa. This corresponds to a modulus roughly 20% smaller than that of pure calcite and a hardness that is about 20% larger than pure calcite. The results reveal the importance of microstructure on mechanical performance.

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Evaluation of 4330M Steel for Fasteners Applications

Defect and Diffusion Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.380.198 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 380 ◽

pp. 198-211 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

A. Al Sumait ◽

C. Delgado ◽

F. Aldhabib ◽

X. Sun ◽

F. Alzubi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Mechanical Properties ◽

Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽

Tensile Testing ◽

Grain Structure ◽

Hardness Testing ◽

Heat Treated ◽

Different Types ◽

Strength And Ductility ◽

Scanning Electron

The objective of the study was to optimize the strength and ductility values of the 4330M steel. Optimization was conducted through different types of heat treatments. Tensile testing, hardness testing, optical microscopy, and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) were used to evaluate the mechanical properties and microstructure of the as-received and the heat treated samples. The alloy was provided from two vendors; vendor H and vendor S. Results showed that by increasing the tempering temperatures, strength values decreases, while ductility values remain unchanged. Vendor H samples had higher strength values and much finer grain structure which was revealed only at 5000x magnification.

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PP/Wasted PET Fabric Composites Compatibilized by two Different Methods: Mechanical Properties, Morphology and Thermal Stability

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.476-478.730 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 476-478 ◽

pp. 730-733

Author(s):

Zhi Dan Lin ◽

Zi Xian Guan ◽

Neng Sheng Liu ◽

Zheng Jun Li

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Thermal Stability ◽

Maleic Anhydride ◽

Injection Molding ◽

Methyl Methacrylate ◽

Pet Fabric ◽

Fabric Composites ◽

Different Types ◽

Thermal Stability Of

The composites of polypropylene (PP) and wasted PET fabric (WF) were prepared by extrusion blending and injection molding, and then, the interface of the composites was modified by two different types of compatibilizers, i.e., maleic anhydride grafted PP (PP-g-MA) and the mixture of methyl methacrylate (MMA) and styrene (St). The mechanical properties, morphology and thermal stability of these composites were studied.

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Thermal stability and mechanical properties of modified starch/NR composite

e-Polymers ◽

10.1515/epoly.2010.10.1.1279 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Zhi-Fen Wang ◽

Si-Dong Li ◽

Xin Fu ◽

Hua Lin ◽

Xiao-Dong She ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Thermal Stability ◽

Natural Rubber ◽

Permanent Deformation ◽

Natural Rubber Latex ◽

Modified Starch ◽

Rubber Latex ◽

Rubber Composite ◽

Reaction Activation Energy ◽

Thermal Stability Of

AbstractThe starch/natural rubber composite was prepared by blending the modified starch by esterification with natural rubber latex. The modified starch particles are homogenously distributed throughout the natural rubber (NR) matrix. In comparison with the host NR, the thermal stability of composite is significantly improved. The thermal degradation temperatures (T) and reaction activation energy (E) of composite are higher than those of the pure NR. The hardness, stress at 500%, tensile strength, permanent deformation and tear strength of composite increase linearly with the increment of dosage of modified starch.

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SYNERGISTIC REINFORCEMENT OF ORGANOCLAY AND DOUBLE NETWORKING IN NATURAL RUBBER

Rubber Chemistry and Technology ◽

10.5254/rct.13.88909 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 86 (2) ◽

pp. 205-217 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Hedayatollah Sadeghi Ghari ◽

Zahra Shakouri

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Mechanical Properties ◽

Natural Rubber ◽

Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Double Network ◽

X Ray ◽

Extension Ratio ◽

Curing Characteristics ◽

Scanning Electron

ABSTRACT Research was undertaken on natural rubber (NR) nanocomposites with organoclays. A double-network (DN) structure is formed when a partially cross-linked elastomer is further cross-linked during a state of strain. Two methods were used in the preparation of NR/organoclay nanocomposites: the ordinary method (single-network NR nanocomposite) and double-networked NR (DN-NR) nanocomposites. The single-networked NR nanocomposites were used for comparison. The effects of organoclay (5 phr) with a different extension ratio on curing characteristics, mechanical properties, hardness, swelling behavior, and morphology of single- and double-networked NR nanocomposites were studied. The results showed that double-networked NR nanocomposites exhibited higher physical and mechanical properties. The tensile strength of DN-NR nanocomposites increased up to 33 MPa (more than four times greater than that of pure NR) and then decreased with an increasing extension ratio. Modulus and hardness continuously increased with an increased extension ratio. The microstructure of the NR/organoclay systems was studied by X-ray diffraction and field emission scanning electron microscopy. The effects of different extension ratios on the dispersion of organoclay layers in the nanocomposites were investigated. Generally, results showed that the optimized extension ratio in DN nanocomposites was equal (or about or around) to α= 2.

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Enhanced mechanical properties of graphene/natural rubber nanocomposites at low content

Polymer International ◽

10.1002/pi.4689 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 63 (9) ◽

pp. 1674-1681 ◽

Cited By ~ 62

Author(s):

Wang Xing ◽

Jinrong Wu ◽

Guangsu Huang ◽

Hui Li ◽

Maozhu Tang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Natural Rubber ◽

Rubber Nanocomposites

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Investigation of Un-Vulcanized Natural Rubber by Means of Temperature Scanning Stress Relaxation Measurements

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.718-720.117 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 718-720 ◽

pp. 117-123 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Miao Wu ◽

Michael Heinz ◽

Norbert Vennemann

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Stress Relaxation ◽

Natural Rubber ◽

Branch Points ◽

Relaxation Spectra ◽

Green Strength ◽

Testing Method ◽

Relaxation Measurements ◽

Different Types ◽

Temperature Scanning

Two different types of un-vulcanized natural rubber, air dried sheets (ADS) and SVR-3L block rubber, were investigated by a new testing method and the results are compared with other mechanical properties. It was found that green strength is strongly reduced if the sample is thermally treated before testing. Presumably, the decrease of strength is caused by a decrease of branch points, mainly composed of phospholipids, which are linked to the a - terminal groups of the rubber molecules. The existence of two different types of branch points is indicated by relaxation spectra, obtained from temperature scanning stress relaxation (TSSR) measurements.

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