Tyrosinase Inhibitory Effect and Antioxidative Activities of Fermented and Ethanol Extracts ofRhodiola roseaandLonicera japonica

This is the first study to investigate the biological activities of fermented extracts ofRhodiola roseaL. (Crassulaceae) andLonicera japonicaThunb. (Caprifoliaceae).Alcaligenes piechaudiiCC-ESB2 fermented and ethanol extracts ofRhodiola roseaandLonicera japonicawere prepared and the antioxidative activities of different concentrations of samples were evaluated usingin vitroantioxidative assays. Tyrosinase inhibition was determined by using the dopachrome method with L-DOPA as substrate. The results demonstrated that inhibitory effects (ED50values) on mushroom tyrosinase of fermentedRhodiola rosea, fermentedLonicera japonica, ethanol extract ofLonicera japonica,and ethanol extract ofRhodiola roseawere 0.78, 4.07, 6.93, and >10 mg/ml, respectively. The DPPH scavenging effects of fermentedRhodiola rosea(ED50= 0.073 mg/ml) and fermentedLonicera japonica(ED50= 0.207 mg/ml) were stronger than effects of their respective ethanol extracts. Furthermore, the scavenging effect increases with the presence of high content of total phenol. However, the superoxide scavenging effects of fermentedRhodiola roseawas less than effects of fermentedLonicera japonica. The results indicated that fermentation ofRhodiola roseaandLonicera japonicacan be considered as an effective biochemical process for application in food, drug, and cosmetics.

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Assessment of in vitro Antioxidant and Antidiabetic Capacities of Medlar (Mespilus germanica)

Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca ◽

10.15835/nbha47111325 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 47 (2) ◽

pp. 384-389

Author(s):

Sebnem Selen ISBILIR ◽

Sevilay Inal KABALA ◽

Hulya YAGAR

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Flower Bud ◽

Ethanol Extracts ◽

Dpph Scavenging ◽

Β Carotene

The objective of the current study was to evaluate the antioxidant activity and enzyme inhibitory effect of different parts of medlar including fruit, leaf and flower bud by using various in vitro methods, and also determination of total phenolic and flavonoid content in the samples. Ethanol extracts of medlar parts were prepared and their antioxidant activities were determined using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazil (DPPH•) scavenging and β-carotene bleaching methods. The leaf extract showed the strongest antioxidant activity. DPPHradical scavenging activity was in the order of BHA > leaf > bud > fruit. This ordering was the same for β-carotene bleaching activity, tocopherol > leaf > bud > fruit. The highest total phenolic (60.3 ± 1.69 mg GAE g-1 extract) and flavonoid (14.77 ± 1.15 mg QE g-1 extract) content were determined in leaf extract. For possible antidiabetic effects of extracts, α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities were investigated, the bud extract showed the highest inhibition activities among the all extracts.

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Anti-Inflammatory, Antioxidant, and Anthelmintic Activities of Ocimum basilicum (Sweet Basil) Fruits

Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1155/2020/2153534 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Clement Osei Akoto ◽

Akwasi Acheampong ◽

Yaw Duah Boakye ◽

Abdulai A. Naazo ◽

Derrick H. Adomah

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Anthelmintic Activity ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Ocimum Basilicum ◽

High Concentration ◽

Hexane Extracts ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Ethanol Extracts ◽

Dpph Scavenging

Basil (Ocimum basilicum Linn.) is a plant that has found use in traditional medicine and household remedy against human ailments. The present study aimed at investigating hexane and ethanol fruit extracts of Ocimum basilicum Linn. for their phytoconstituents and anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anthelmintic activities. Phytochemical screenings were performed using standard protocols. Anti-inflammatory activities were assessed using the egg albumin denaturation method, while the antioxidant activities of the extracts were determined using DPPH scavenging, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) assays. In vitro anthelmintic activity of both extracts was investigated against Eudrilus eugeniae (Earthworms). Column chromatography was employed to separate the least polar fraction A, using hexane as the mobile phase, which was analyzed using FTIR analysis. The preliminary phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, phenols, saponins, glycosides, steroids, tannins, terpenoids, and flavonoids. The hexane and ethanol extracts exhibited high concentration-dependent anti-inflammatory activities, with their percentage inhibitions being 34.0 ± 0.01 and 17.6 ± 0.04 μg/mL, respectively. The hexane extract showed a higher concentration-dependent antioxidant activity (IC50 of 14.17 ± 1.15 μg/mL) compared to the ethanol extract (IC50 > 100.0 μg/mL) for the DPPH assay. The IC50 values of ethanol and hexane extracts were 623.5 ± 0.27 and >1000.0 μg/mL, respectively, for the H2O2 scavenging assay. TAC was determined to be 37.48 ± 0.09 and 18.81 ± 0.12 gAAE/100 g for ethanol and hexane extracts, respectively. Both extracts showed a higher concentration-dependent anthelmintic activity. Increasing the concentration increased the helmintic potency of the extracts. The results indicate that both hexane and ethanol extracts of Ocimum basilicum Linn. exhibit anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anthelmintic activities and support the traditional usage of this plant.

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Metabolomic Screening of Anti-Inflammatory Compounds from the Leaves of Actinidia arguta (Hardy Kiwi)

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods8020047 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 47 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Gyoung-Deuck Kim ◽

Jin Lee ◽

Joong-Hyuck Auh

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Reversed Phase ◽

No Production ◽

Actinidia Arguta ◽

Bioassay Guided Fractionation ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Ethanol Extracts

The metabolomic screening of potential anti-inflammatory compounds in the leaves of Actinidia arguta was performed by using LC-MS/MS. Ethanol extracts were prepared, and the anti-inflammatory effects were investigated based on nitric oxide (NO) synthesis and inducible nitric oxide synthase expression in lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages. The 75% ethanol extract showed the highest inhibitory effect on nitric oxide (NO) production, and it was further separated by in vitro bioassay-guided fractionation using preparative LC with reversed-phase column separation. Through multiple steps of fractionation, sub-fraction 1-3 was finally purified, and caffeic acid derivatives, such as caffeoylthreonic acid and danshensu (salvianic acid A), were successfully identified as key anti-inflammatory compounds by LC-MS/MS and metabolomics analyses. This is the first study identifying anti-inflammatory compounds in A. arguta (Actinidia arguta) leaves through bioassay-guided fractionation and metabolomics screening. Results of this study would be useful for the application of A. arguta leaves as a nutraceutical.

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Shikonin Inhibits The Proliferation of Cervical Cancer Cells Via FAK/AKT/GSK3β Signalling

10.21203/rs.3.rs-1151972/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ziyan Xu ◽

Liru Huang ◽

Tiantian Zhang ◽

Yuwei Liu ◽

Mei Gong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

Cancer Cells ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Inhibitory Effects ◽

Cervical Cancer Cells ◽

And Migration

Abstract Cervical cancer is one of the most common female cancers worldwide, and it is one of the most lethal malignancies of the female reproductive system. Shikonin, a natural pigment of theophyllin, has a variety of biological activities and has shown significant inhibitory effects on a variety of tumours in vitro and in vivo. However, there are few studies on Shikonin in cervical cancer. In the present study, we found that Shikonin inhibited not only the proliferation but also the migration of cervical cancer cells. Our data showed that Shikonin inhibited the proliferation of HeLa and SiHa cells in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. In cervical cancer cells, Shikonin not only inhibited the phosphorylation of FAK, AKT and GSK3β but also inhibited the phosphorylation of FAK, AKT and GSK3β induced by EGF. Further exploring the mechanism, we found that Shikonin could inhibit the proliferation of cervical cancer cells by regulating the phosphorylation of the FAK/AKT/GSK3β pathway. In addition, Shikonin significantly inhibited cell migration and reduced the expression of proteins such as MTA1, TGFβ1 and VEGF. In conclusion, our study elucidated that Shikonin has an inhibitory effect on the proliferation and migration of cervical cancer cells, which may be mediated by the FAK/AKT/GSK3β signalling pathway. Our results suggest that Shikonin has the potential to become a clinical treatment for cervical cancer.

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Inhibition of Key Enzymes Linked to Obesity and Cytotoxic Activities of Whole Plant Extracts of Vernonia mesplilfolia Less

Processes ◽

10.3390/pr7110841 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (11) ◽

pp. 841 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jeremiah Oshiomame Unuofin ◽

Gloria Aderonke Otunola ◽

Anthony Jide Afolayan

Keyword(s):

Ethanol Extract ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Cytotoxic Activities ◽

Cytotoxic Effects ◽

Whole Plant ◽

Traditional Remedy ◽

Test Organisms ◽

Ethanol Extracts ◽

Dual Staining

The whole plant of Vernonia mespilifolia is widely used as a traditional remedy for obesity in South Africa. The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-obesity and cytotoxic effects of Vernonia mespilifolia extracts in vitro. The α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and lipase inhibitory activities of aqueous and ethanol extracts of Vernonia mespilifolia were investigated, while the cytotoxic effects of these extracts were analyzed using Hoechst 33342 and propidium iodide (PI) dual staining on a human cervical HeLa cell line. The results showed that the LC50 (the concentration of a material will kill 50% of test organisms) values of aqueous and ethanol extracts of Vernonia mespilifolia were >200 and 149 µg/mL, respectively, to HeLa cells. Additionally, the ethanol extract exhibited the strongest inhibitory effect on the pancreatic lipase (Half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) = 331.16 µg/mL) and on α-amylase (IC50 = 781.72 µg/mL), while the aqueous extract has the strongest α-glucosidase (IC50 = 450.88 µg/mL). Our results suggest that Vernonia mespilifolia’s acclaimed anti-obesity effects could be ascribed to its ability to inhibit both carbohydrate and fat digesting enzymes.

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Different Morphotypes of Fusarium oxysporum Isolated from Xanthosoma sagittifolium L. Schott Roots: Action of Ethanol Leaf Extracts of Psidium guajava on their in Vitro Inhibition and on X. Sagittifolium Plants Inoculated with F. oxysporum

International Journal of Pathogen Research ◽

10.9734/ijpr/2020/v5i430142 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 25-41

Author(s):

A. C. Djeuani ◽

H. D. Mbouobda ◽

T. A. Mbekem ◽

N. Niemenak

Keyword(s):

Fusarium Oxysporum ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Maximum Growth ◽

Psidium Guajava ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

Xanthosoma Sagittifolium ◽

In Vitro Inhibition ◽

Ethanol Extracts

The objective of this study was to determine the different morphotypes of Fusarium oxysporum present in the root of Xanthosoma sagittifolium and evaluate the effect of alcoholic extracts of Psidium guajava on their in vitro inhibition. Strains of Fusarium oxysporum were collected in eight localities where X. sagittifolium is grown. Fusarium strains isolated from roots of X. sagittifolium harvested in each locality were grown on PDA medium. The antifungal test was evaluated using ethanol extracts from P. guajava leaves at 30 and 60%. The virulence test of each strain on young plants of X. sagittifolium aged three months were realized. Eight strain of Fusarium oxysporum were successfully isolated. After maximum growth, five morphological types were observed (pionnotal, sclerotic, clowny, cottony and ras senescent). The cottony strain was abundant and present in all the locality. Histological analysis of the different strains obtained revealed the presence of septate or siphoned hyphae and three types of conidia (microconidia, macroconidia and sporangiospores or chlamidospores). The inhibition tests were very high with 60% of ethanol extract of P. guajava, and 83.33% of inhibitory effect were observed after eight days of growth, in the strains collected in X. sagittifolium roots, in L3 (Loum) and L4 (Bangoua) localities. After infection of X. sagittifolium plants with each strain of F. oxysporum isolated, symptoms observed were yellowing and wilting of leaves. However, plants inoculated with the L3 (Loum) strain showed both yellowing and wilting of leaves. The application of ethanol extracts from P. guajava leaves reduced the severity of the disease in the inoculated plants after 14 days. These results obtained showed that F. oxysporum is not only saprophytic fungi, it’s also able to induce yellowing and wilting of leaves in X. sagittifolium.

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UJI IN VITRO EKSTRAK AIR DAN ETANOL DARI BUAH ASAM GELUGUR, RIMPANG LENGKUAS, DAN KENCUR SEBAGAI INHIBITOR AKTIVITAS LIPASE PANKREAS

Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi Indonesia ◽

10.29122/jsti.v12i1.845 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Dyah Iswantini ◽

Latifah K. Darusman ◽

Ana Fitriyani

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Pancreatic Lipase ◽

Lipase Activity ◽

Water Extract ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Positive Control ◽

Reduce Body Weight ◽

Ethanol Extracts

Asam gelugur fruits of Garcinia often used to reduce body weight. Lengkuas and kencur are traditional herbal that potential for antiobesity because they could reduce the level of phospholipids, triglycerides, and cholesterol. The aim of the research was to evaluate the potencies of these herbal as antiobesity by measurement of their water and ethanol extracts capabilities as in vitro inhibitor of pancreatic lipase activity. The water and ethanol extracts of asam gelugur fruits contained saponins and alkaliods, respectively. The water extract of lengkuas rhizomes contained alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and quinones, while the ethanol extract contained alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and steroids. The water extract of kencur rhizomes contained saponins and quinones, while the ethanolextract contained alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, and quinones. The highest inhibitory effect of all extracts was obtained from the ethanol extract of asam gelugur fruits with value of 86.3% at 150 ppm. The highest inhibitory effect of lengkuas extracts was from the ethanol extract at 200 ppm (56.2%). The highestinhibitory effect of kencur was showed by the ethanol extract with the value 37.6% at 300 ppm. These values were higher than the inhibitory effect of the positive control (Xenical®) at 100 ppm (10.6%).

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GC-MS Analysis and Inhibitory Evaluation of Terminalia catappa Leaf Extracts on Major Enzymes Linked to Diabetes

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2019/6316231 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-14 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Franklyn Nonso Iheagwam ◽

Emmanuel Nsedu Israel ◽

Kazeem Oyindamola Kayode ◽

Opeyemi Christianah De Campos ◽

Olubanke Olujoke Ogunlana ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Amylase Activity ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Binding Pocket ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Inhibitory Effects ◽

Autodock Vina ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

Terminalia Catappa ◽

Southwest Nigeria

Terminalia catappa leaves are used in managing both diabetes mellitus and its complications in Southwest Nigeria. However, its inhibitory activity on enzymes implicated in diabetes is not very clear. This study investigated the in vitro inhibitory properties and mode of inhibition of T. catappa leaf extracts on enzymes associated with diabetes. The study also identified some bioactive compounds as well as their molecular interaction in the binding pocket of these enzymes. Standard enzyme inhibition and kinetics assays were performed to determine the inhibitory effects of aqueous extract (TCA) and ethanol extract (TCE) of T. catappa leaves on α-glucosidase and α-amylase activities. The phytoconstituents of TCA and TCE were determined using GC-MS. Molecular docking of the phytocompounds was performed using Autodock Vina. TCA and TCE were the most potent inhibitors of α-glucosidase (IC50 = 3.28 ± 0.47 mg/mL) and α-amylase (IC50 = 0.24 ± 0.08 mg/mL), respectively. Both extracts displayed a mixed mode of inhibition on α-amylase activity, while mixed and noncompetitive modes of inhibition were demonstrated by TCA and TCE, respectively, on α-glucosidase activity. The GC-MS analytic chromatogram revealed the presence of 24 and 22 compounds in TCE and TCA, respectively, which were identified mainly as phenolic compounds, terpenes/terpenoids, fatty acids, and other phytochemicals. The selected compounds exhibited favourable interactions with the enzymes compared with acarbose. Overall, the inhibitory effect of T. catappa on α-amylase and α-glucosidase may be ascribed to the synergistic action of its rich phenolic and terpene composition giving credence to the hypoglycaemic nature of T. catappa leaves.

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Inhibisi Lipase Pankreas secara In Vitro oleh Ekstrak Air dan Etanol Daun Asam Jawa (Tamarindus indica) dan Rimpang Kunci Pepet (Kaempferiae rotundae)

Jurnal Natur Indonesia ◽

10.31258/jnat.13.2.146-154 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 146

Author(s):

Dyah Iswantini Pradono ◽

Latifah Kosim Darusman ◽

Ai Susanti

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Pancreatic Lipase ◽

Water Extract ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Sesame Oil ◽

Tamarindus Indica ◽

Reduce Body Weight ◽

Ethanol Extracts

Tamarind and kunci pepet has been used traditionally as herbal medicine to reduce body weight or used asantiobesity. But the mechanism in vitro of this herbal in reducing body weight has not been known yet. Theobjective of this research is to evaluate these herbal as antiobesity by their water and ethanol extracts capabilityin inhibiting pancreatic lipase activity in vitro at pH 8, incubation time 45 minutes, and temperature 400C. Pancreaticlipase used in this research was human pancreatic lipase with concentration of 1.4 × 10-5 μg/μl and the substratewas sesame oil with concentration of 16.2 μg/μl. The water and ethanol extracts of tamarind leaves containedalkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, steroids, and tannins. Water extract of kunci pepet contained alkaloids, flavonoids,saponins, and tannins, while ethanol extract contained alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and triterpenoids. Theresults of tamarind leaves extracts showed that ethanol extract in concentration of 150 ppm had the highestinhibitory effect, with the value of 49.0%. Water extract of kunci pepet at concentration of 200 ppm had the highestinhibition, with the value of 65.1%. These values were higher than inhibitory effect of Xenical® 100 ppm as thepositive control, with the inhibition value of 10.6%.

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Collagenase and Tyrosinase Inhibitory Effect of Isolated Constituents from the Moss Polytrichum formosum

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10071271 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 1271

Author(s):

Raíssa Volpatto Marques ◽

Agnès Guillaumin ◽

Ahmed B. Abdelwahab ◽

Aleksander Salwinski ◽

Charlotte H. Gotfredsen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Biological Activities ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Binding Mode ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Skin Aging ◽

Tyrosinase Activity ◽

Specific Affinity ◽

Dose Dependent ◽

Polytrichum Formosum

Mosses from the genus Polytrichum have been shown to contain rare benzonaphthoxanthenones compounds, and many of these have been reported to have important biological activities. In this study, extracts from Polytrichum formosum were analyzed in vitro for their inhibitory properties on collagenase and tyrosinase activity, two important cosmetic target enzymes involved respectively in skin aging and pigmentation. The 70% ethanol extract showed a dose-dependent inhibitory effect against collagenase (IC50 = 4.65 mg/mL). The methanol extract showed a mild inhibitory effect of 44% against tyrosinase at 5.33 mg/mL. Both extracts were investigated to find the constituents having a specific affinity to the enzyme targets collagenase and tyrosinase. The known compounds ohioensin A (1), ohioensin C (3), and communin B (4), together with nor-ohioensin D (2), a new benzonaphthoxanthenone, were isolated from P. formosum. Their structures were determined by mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy. Compounds 1 (IC50 = 71.99 µM) and 2 (IC50 = 167.33 µM) showed inhibitory activity against collagenase. Compound 1 also exhibited inhibition of 30% against tyrosinase activity at 200 µM. The binding mode of the active compounds was theoretically generated by an in-silico approach against the 3D structures of collagenase and tyrosinase. These current results present the potential application from the moss P. formosum as a new natural source of collagenase and tyrosinase inhibitors.

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