Prevalence of Anemia and Associated Factors in Child Bearing Age Women in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Objective. To determine the prevalence and risk factors for anemia in child bearing age women in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.Design. Cross-sectional survey was conducted using two-stage cluster sampling. 25 clusters (primary health care centers (PHCC)) were identified from all over Riyadh, and 45–50 households were randomly selected from each cluster. Eligible women were invited to PHCC for questionnaire filling, anthropometric measurements, and complete blood count. Blood hemoglobin was measured with Coulter Cellular Analysis System using light scatter method.Setting. PHCC.Subjects. 969 (68%) women out of 1429 women were included in the analysis.Results. Mean hemoglobin was 12.35 (±1.80) g/dL, 95% CI 12.24–12.46 with interquartile range of 1.9. Anemia (Hb <12 g/dL) was present in 40% (390) women. Mean (±SD) for MCH, MCV, MCHC, and RDW was 79.21 (±12.17) fL, 26.37 (±6.21) pg, 32.36 (±4.91) g/dL, and 14.84 (±4.65)%, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression revealed that having family history of iron deficiency anemia (OR 2.91, 95% CI 1.78–4.76) and infrequent intake of meat (OR 1.54, 95%CI 1.15–2.05) were associated with increased risk of anemia, whereas increasing body mass index (OR 0.95, 95% CI 0.92–0.97) was associated with reduced risk of anemia.Conclusion. Women should be educated about proper diet and reproductive issues in order to reduce the prevalence of anemia in Saudi Arabia.

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Estimation of Hemoglobin Levels in Pregnant and Non-pregnant Women in Rafha city, Saudi Arabia

Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International ◽

10.9734/jpri/2021/v33i56a33908 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 252-258

Author(s):

Ishraga Eltayeb M. A-Elbasit ◽

Akbar Ali ◽

Ali Mohammed Ahmed

Keyword(s):

Saudi Arabia ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Complete Blood Count ◽

Hemoglobin Concentration ◽

Arabic Language ◽

The Body ◽

Deficiency Anemia ◽

University Graduates ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Prevalence Of Anemia

Background: Anemia is a global health problem especially affecting pregnant and non-pregnant women. Among many different causes of anemia, iron deficiency anemia is the most common cause. Hemoglobin concentration measurement is among the most commonly performed blood tests, usually as part of a complete blood count. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in Rafha Central Hospital and three associated health centers. Pregnant and none pregnant women (400) were included in the study. The data were collected by using questionnaire prepared by the investigator in Arabic language. Informed consents were taken prior to taking data from each participant. Results: Out of the 400 women enrolled in this study, 235 were pregnant. Majority of the participants were married (86%), and 45% were university graduates. Most of the participants (77.25%) were in the anemic range. The prevalence of anemia was almost equally distributed among pregnant (75.31%) and non-pregnant (80%) women. The prevalence of anemia was significantly associated with the use of tea, coffee and soft drinks. Discussion and conclusion: Our results show much higher prevalence of anemia than reported by many other studies done inside and outside of Saudi Arabia. We conclude that anemia prevalence in the region is quite large. People must adopt eating and drinking habits which positively affect the absorption of iron from the food and therefore, increase hemoglobin levels in the body.

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Knowing is Not Enough: Migrant Workers’ Spouses Vulnerability to HIV

SAARC Journal of Tuberculosis Lung Diseases and HIV/AIDS ◽

10.3126/saarctb.v13i1.16923 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 9-15 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

N Aryal ◽

PR Regmi ◽

E V Teijlingen ◽

D Dhungel ◽

G Ghale ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hiv Risk ◽

Migrant Workers ◽

Good Knowledge ◽

Cluster Sampling ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Rural Villages ◽

Younger Women ◽

Increased Risk ◽

And Migration

Introduction: Male migrants and their sexual partners at home are at increased risk of STIs (Sexually Transmitted Infections) including HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus). We aimed to assess the knowledge and attitudes of migrants’ wives regarding HIV and STIs, and to understand risk perception of HIV due to their husbands’ sexual behaviour. Methodology: A cross-sectional survey among 182 migrants’ wives was conducted in two rural villages of Chitwan district in Nepal. The participants were selected through multistage cluster sampling method and data were collected through a questionnaire administered through a face-to-face interview. Results: Nearly all (94%) of migrants’ wives had a good knowledge of HIV, however with some misconceptions. More than two-thirds of the participating migrants’ wives were aware about the risk of HIV infection in migrant husbands and subsequent risk of transmitting themselves through sexual intercourse. Nearly half of the participants reported inability to ask their husbands about HIV and STIs even if they had their doubts. Knowledge of HIV and HIV risk associated with migration were statistically significantly higher in younger women, those who were literate and the longer the period of their husbands’ migration. Conclusion: Despite having generally a good knowledge and awareness of HIV and migration induced HIV risk; migrants’ wives could not discuss sexual health issues with their husbands, thus increasing their vulnerability to HIV and STIs.SAARC J TUBER LUNG DIS HIV/AIDS, 2016; XIII(1), page: 9-15

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Prevalence of Iron Deficiency Anemia among Adolescent Girls in the City of Saravan -

Journal of Pharmacy and Nutrition Sciences ◽

10.29169/1927-5951.2020.10.02.4 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 68-73

Author(s):

Omid Sabet Ghadam ◽

Mohammad Fararouei ◽

Mansour Shahraki ◽

Zahra Sohrabi

Keyword(s):

Iron Deficiency ◽

Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽

Parental Education ◽

Ferritin Level ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Good Practice ◽

Deficiency Anemia ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Prevalence Of Anemia

Background and Objective: Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is the most common type of micronutrient deficiency in the world. Numerous reports indicated that adolescence is a period which has an increased risk of development of IDA. Given the importance of IDA and lack of studies in Saravan, a city of Iran, this study was performed to assess the prevalence of IDA among adolescent girls.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 460 high-school girls were randomly selected. Demographic data was collected using a questionnaire. Knowledge, attitude and practice of participants with regard to iron deficiency anemia was measured at the beginning of the interview. Accordingly, five cc of blood sample was drawn from each student to determine the prevalence of anemia, which was defined by a hemoglobin level lower than 12 mg / dL. The level of ferritin was analyzed to confirm the IDA for students diagnosed with anemia. Ferritin level lower than 12 ?g / dl was considered as IDA. Data was analyzed using SPSS software version 22.Results: Prevalence of anemia and IDA was 24% (n = 111) and 12.6% (n = 58), respectively. Results showed that 37 % of students had good knowledge, 45. 5 % good attitude, and 6.7 % had good practice. Also, there was no significant association between IDA and socio-economic status including parental education, job, and household income (P>0.05).Conclusion: The findings of this study showed that the prevalence of IDA was moderate in Saravan city. Given the importance of IDA and its complications, further studies are needed, especially in high risk populations for IDA such as children.

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Anemia among children and adolescents in a rural area

Paediatrica Indonesiana ◽

10.14238/pi54.2.2014.88-93 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 54 (2) ◽

pp. 88 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ivan Riyanto Widjaja ◽

Felix Firyanto Widjaja ◽

Lucyana Alim Santoso ◽

Erick Wonggokusuma ◽

Oktaviati Oktaviati

Keyword(s):

Children And Adolescents ◽

Rural Area ◽

Public Hospital ◽

Complete Blood Count ◽

Age Groups ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Deficiency Anemia ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Prevalence Of Anemia

Background Anemia in children and adolescents affects growthand development. It is a preventable disease, but unfortunately isoften ignored until the symptoms occur. There have been limitedreports on the prevalence of anemia in children and adolescentsin Indonesia, especially from rural areas.Objective To describe the prevalence of anemia in children andadolescents in district ofMalinau, a rural area in East KalimantanProvince.Methods This cross-sectional study was done in June 20 10 usinglaboratory records between July 2009 to January 20 10. Laboratoryrecords of patients aged between 6 months and 18 years whichinvestigated were complete blood count (CBC) from ambulatory,inpatient, and emergency care ofMalinau Public Hospital in EastKalimantan. Mentzer and England & Fraser indices were used todifferentiate iron deficiency anemia (IDA) and thalassemia amongmicrocytic hypochromic anemic patients.Results This study involved 709 laboratory records. Prevalenceof anemia was 53 .9% (95% CI 50.2% to 57 .5%) . The prevalenceof IDA among age groups were as follows: 29.4% (95% CI 24.3to 34.5%) in 6- 59 months group, 16% (95% CI 11 to 21 %) in5- 11.9 years, and 15.2% (95% CI 10.2 to 20.2%) in 12- 18 years.Children aged 6- 59 months tended to have more anemia th anthose aged 5- 11.9 years (OR 2. 184, 95% CI 1.398 to 3.413) oraged 12- 18 years (OR 2.3 19, 95% CI 1.464 to 3.674).Conclusion T he prevalence of an emia in children andadolescents of the Malinau Regency is 53 .9% (95% CI 50.2 to57.5%), quite similar to that of other developing countries . Agovernment program to overcome anemia is recommended, n otonly for pregnant women, but also for children and adolescents.

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Prevalence of smoking and smoking predictors among adolescents in Qassim, Saudi Arabia: Does the Healthy City Program make any Difference?

10.21203/rs.3.rs-45211/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Ibrahim Alasqah ◽

Ilias Mahmud ◽

Leah East ◽

Kim Usher

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Saudi Arabia ◽

Smoking Prevalence ◽

Demographic Variables ◽

Cluster Sampling ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Healthy City ◽

The Family ◽

Sampling Probability

Abstract Aim: To compare the prevalence of smoking and smoking predictors among adolescents between cities running a healthy city program (HCP cities) and the cities that are not running such a program (NHCP cities) in the Qassim region, Saudi Arabia. Subject and Methods: A cross-sectional survey using a self-reported questionnaire on the prevalence of smoking and smoking predictors among adolescents in Qassim region, Saudi Arabia was undertaken between April and September 2017. Using multi-staged cluster sampling, probability proportionate to the size, we surveyed 364 adolescents from three HCP cites and 769 adolescents from three NHCP cities. Results: The overall prevalence of smoking among school-aged adolescents in Qassim is 5.2% (95% CI: 3.9-6.5). Smoking prevalence among adolescents in the HCP cities is 8.8% (95% CI: 5.9-11.7); while in the NHCP cities it is 3.5% (95% CI: 2.2-4.8). The prevalence of at least one smoker among close friends in HCP and NHCP cities is 67.3% (62.5-72.1) and 72.2% (69-75.3), respectively. The prevalence of at least one smoker in the family of the adolescents in HCP and NHCP cities is 58% (52.9-63.1) and 44.3% (40.8-47.9), respectively. Among the socio-demographic variables, smoking is significantly associated with gender (OR: .08) *, age (OR: 1.61) and academic performance (OR: .27). Prevalence of smoking among adolescents is significantly higher in HCP cities than in NHCP cities (OR: 3.03; 95% CI: 1.7-5.4). Conclusion: Prevalence of smoking and key smoking risk factors were found to be higher in cities implementing the healthy city program, despite exposure to an anti-smoking campaign being higher in these cities. Given these findings, we recommend further in-depth evaluation of the program.

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Prevalence and risk factors for attempted suicide in the elderly: a cross-sectional study in Shanghai, China

International Psychogeriatrics ◽

10.1017/s1041610216002283 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 29 (5) ◽

pp. 709-715 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Wei Zhang ◽

Hansheng Ding ◽

Peng Su ◽

Qin Xu ◽

Lixia Du ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Activities Of Daily Living ◽

Daily Living ◽

Attempted Suicide ◽

The Elderly ◽

Bivariate Analysis ◽

Cluster Sampling ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Increased Risk

ABSTRACTBackground:Previous studies have thoroughly investigated the prevalence and risk factors for completed suicide. In marked contrast is the lack of a better understanding of attempted suicide in the elderly. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of attempted suicide in the elderly and examine the associated factors.Methods:Using a multi-stage cluster sampling approach, a cross-sectional survey of 8,399 elderly house-dwelling residents was conducted in Shanghai, China.Results:The two-week prevalence of attempted suicide in the elderly was 0.75%. In the bivariate analysis, having no caregivers, depressive, anxiety, sad, fear, obsessive-compulsive and anger symptom, and lower scores on the Barthel Index of Activities of Daily Living and the Lawton Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale were significantly associated with an increased risk of attempted suicide in the elderly. In the multivariate analysis, sad and fear symptoms were significantly and independently associated with a higher risk of attempted suicide in the elderly.Conclusion:The two-week prevalence of attempted suicide in the elderly is relatively high when compared with the annualized or lifetime prevalence reported in China and foreign settings. Elderly individuals with certain mental symptoms should be targeted for suicide prevention and provided with timely mental health support.

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Association between Chronic Pain and Diabetes/Prediabetes: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Survey in Saudi Arabia

Pain Research and Management ◽

10.1155/2020/8239474 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Khaled K. Aldossari ◽

Mamdouh M. Shubair ◽

Jamaan Al-Zahrani ◽

Abdulrahman A. Alduraywish ◽

Khalid AlAhmary ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chronic Pain ◽

Saudi Arabia ◽

Smoking Status ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Population Based ◽

Survey Study ◽

Cluster Sampling ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Lower Limb Pain

Background. Diabetes is a debilitating chronic health condition that is associated with certain pain syndromes. The present study sought to evaluate chronic pain and its association with diabetes mellitus at a population level. Methods. A population-based cross-sectional questionnaire survey study was conducted in Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia, from January 2016 to June 2016. Participants from both private and governmental institutions were selected following a multistage sampling technique and using a cluster sampling method. Anthropometric measurements were taken, including body weight, height, body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference. A blood sample was also drawn from each respondent for fasting blood sugar, HbA1c, and fasting lipid profile. A P value of less than 0.05 indicated statistical significance. Results. A total of 1003 subjects were included for final analysis. Compared to prediabetic and nondiabetic individuals, diabetic subjects had a higher prevalence of lower limb pain (11.1%), back pain (8.9%), abdominal pain (6.7%), and neck pain (4.4%) (X2 = 27.792, P=0.015). In a multiple logistic regression model, after adjusting for age, gender, education level, cholesterol, and smoking status, diabetic/prediabetic patients had a significantly higher prevalence of chronic pain ((OR) = 1.931 (95% CI = 1.536–2.362), P=0.037). Increased age was also significantly associated with chronic pain ((OR) = 1.032 (95% CI = 1.010–1.054, P=0.004). Conclusion. Results of this study found a significant association between diabetes and prediabetes and chronic pain symptoms. Prospective studies are needed to explore temporality of such association.

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Prevalence of anemia and iron deficiency anemia in Chinese pregnant women (IRON WOMEN): a national cross-sectional survey

10.21203/rs.2.24054/v3 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Jing Tan ◽

Guolin He ◽

Yana Qi ◽

Hongmei Yang ◽

Yiquan Xiong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Iron Deficiency ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Deficiency Anemia ◽

Current Evidence ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Prevalence Of Anemia

Abstract Background: The current evidence about anemia and iron deficiency anemia (IDA) during pregnancy remains elusive in China. The purpose of this study is to investigate the prevalence of anemia and IDA and their risk factors in Chinese pregnant women.Methods: A nationwide cross-sectional survey of pregnant women was conducted during their antenatal visits. Using a multi-stage sampling method, 24 hospitals from 16 provinces across China were selected. Structured questionnaires were administered to collect information from participants and to extract clinical data from electronic medical records. Mixed-effects logistic regression models were performed to determine the risk factors associated with anemia and IDA.Results: In total, 12,403 pregnant women were enrolled, including 1,018 (8.2%) at the first trimester, 3,487 (28.1%) at the second, and 7,898 (63.7%) at the third. Overall, 19.8% of women were diagnosed with anemia and 13.9% were diagnosed with IDA. The prevalence of anemia and IDA varied among regions and increased by gestational month, peaking at the eighth gestational month (24.0% for anemia and 17.8% for IDA). Pregnant women at advanced stage of gestation, non-local residents, multiple gestations, multiparity, pre-pregnancy underweight, and those experiencing severe nausea or vomiting during pregnancy, were associated with higher risks of anemia and IDA.Conclusions: The prevalence of anemia and IDA during pregnancy are similar to those from developed countries and vary across regions in China.

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Prevalence of anemia and iron deficiency anemia in Chinese pregnant women (IRON WOMEN): a national cross-sectional survey

10.21203/rs.2.24054/v4 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Jing Tan ◽

Guolin He ◽

Yana Qi ◽

Hongmei Yang ◽

Yiquan Xiong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Iron Deficiency ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Deficiency Anemia ◽

Current Evidence ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Prevalence Of Anemia

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The prevalence of obesity among female teachers of child-bearing age in Ghana

African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development ◽

10.18697/ajfand.58.11800 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 13 (58) ◽

pp. 7820-7839

Author(s):

RA Pobee ◽

◽

WB Owusu ◽

WA Plahar ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health Problem ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Strong Positive Correlation ◽

Age Group ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Female Teachers ◽

Child Bearing ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Prevalence Of Obesity

Obesity has increasingly become a public health problem in both developed and developing countries. In Ghana, the prevalence of obesity has been found to be high particularly among women. The rising trend of obesity in Ghana is worrying as studies have shown an increased risk of morbidity, disability and mortality associated with obesity. This study examined the prevalence of obesity among Ghanaian teachers of child-bearing age. A cross-sectional survey was conducted on 400 female teachers between the ages of 18 and 49 years from two sub-metropolitan areas in Accra District, Ghana. A questionnaire was used to gather information on the socioeconomic status, body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), alcohol intake, physical activity and food intake. Appropriate statistical methods were used to determine the association between variables. The mean age, BMI and WHR were 35.9 ± 8.2 years, 27.2±5.3 kgm-2 and 0.79±0.07 respectively. About 34% of the women were overweight while 27% were found to be obese with 17.8% centrally-obese. The WHR ratio, however, classified majority (57%) of the women as low risk. There was a strong positive correlation between BMI and WHR with age. This means that as women aged, both BMI and WHR increased. The prevalence of obesity for a woman above 35years was about four times higher than the prevalence among the younger age group (<25years) and two times higher than that of the middle age group (26-35years). This study found that at any age group underweight, overweight and obesity co-existed. Socioeconomic variables such as marital status, income and parity showed a positive association with BMI and waist circumference. Consumption of fruits and vegetables was observed to be low among respondents. This study recommends that measures such as healthy eating guidelines supported by vigorous physical activities should be put in place in schools to help teachers maintain healthy body weights (BMI 19-25) in order to prevent the risk of obesity and its related life threatening effects.

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