scholarly journals Performance Evaluation and Microstructure Characterization of Metakaolin-Based Geopolymer Containing Oil Palm Ash

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abideng Hawa ◽  
Danupon Tonnayopas ◽  
Woraphot Prachasaree
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Drying Shrinkage ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Molar Ratios ◽  
Heat Curing ◽  
Oil Palm Ash ◽  
Xrd Patterns

This study reports on the microstructure, compressive strength, and drying shrinkage of metakaolin (MK) based geopolymers produced by partially replacing MK by oil palm ash (OPA). The OPA was used as raw material producing different molar ratios of SiO2/Al2O3and CaO/SiO2. The geopolymer samples were cured at 80°C for 1, 2, or 4 hours and kept at ambient temperature until testing. The compressive strength was measured after 2, 6, and 24 hours and 7 and 28 days. The testing results revealed that the geopolymer with 5% OPA (SiO2 : Al2O3 = 2.88 : 1) gave the highest compressive strength. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) indicated that the 5% OPA sample had a dense-compact matrix and less unreacted raw materials which contributed to the higher compressive strength. In the X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns, the change of the crystalline phase after heat curing for 4 hours was easily detectable compared to the samples subjected to a shorter period of heat curing.

THE EFFECT OF OIL PALM ASH INCORPORATION IN FOAMED CONCRETE

2015 ◽  
Vol 75 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Farah A. Hadi ◽  
Hanizam Awang ◽  
Muhammed Zuhear Almulali
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Drying Shrinkage ◽  
Target Density ◽  
Concrete Mix ◽  
Different Ages ◽  
Foamed Concrete ◽  
Oil Palm Ash ◽  
Enhanced Properties

This paper investigates the effect of replacing different portions of cement by fine oil palm ash (FOPA). A target density of 1000 kg/m3 was used for the foamed concrete mixes. A foamed concrete mix of 1 part binder, 2 parts filler and 0.45 part of water has been used. Cement was replaced at levels of 25, 35, 45, 55 and 65% by weight of binder. The compressive strength, density, water absorption, drying shrinkage and sorptivity were tested at different ages. The mix containing 25% of fine OPA showed enhanced properties in comparison to the control mix at the age of 90 days. The mixed showed higher compressive strength, less water absorption, increased density and lesser sorptivity. However, the same mix showed higher shrinkage readings than that of the control mix. 

scholarly journals Development and Performance Evaluation of Very High Early Strength Geopolymer for Rapid Road Repair

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abideng Hawa ◽  
Danupon Tonnayopas ◽  
Woraphot Prachasaree ◽  
Pichai Taneerananon
Keyword(s):  
Bond Strength ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Drying Shrinkage ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Latex Glove ◽  
Heat Curing ◽  
Early Strength ◽  
Very High

High early strength is the most important property of pavement repair materials to allow quick reopening to traffic. With this in mind, we have experimentally investigated geopolymers using low cost raw materials available in Thailand. The geopolymer mortar was metakaolin (MK), mixed with parawood ash (PWA, rubberwood ash) or oil palm ash (OPA) as binder agent. Rubberwood is often used as raw material for biomass power plants in Thailand, especially at latex glove factories and seafood factories, and burning rubberwood generates PWA. Both PWA and OPA are therefore low cost residual waste, locally available in mass quantities. The geopolymer samples were characterized for compressive strength, drying shrinkage, and bond strength to Portland cement mortar with slant shear test. The experimental design varied the contents of PWA and OPA and the heat curing time (1, 2 and 4 h) after hot mixture process. The hot mixture process resulted in very high early strength. In addition, we achieved high compressive strengths, low drying shrinkage, and very significant bond strength enhancement by use of the ashes.

Potential Application of Palm Ash as a Raw Materials in Production of Green Glass

2012 ◽  
Vol 626 ◽  
pp. 1006-1009
Author(s):  
Hidayu Jamil Noorina ◽  
Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah ◽  
Che Pa Faizul ◽  
Mohd Zaki Ruhiyuddin ◽  
Darus Murizam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Glass Production ◽  
Melting Process ◽  
Product Evaluation ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Glass Product ◽  
Produce Glass ◽  
Green Glass ◽  
Oil Palm Ash

Oil Palm Ash is one of the abundance agricultural wastes found in Malaysia. This wastes need to be disposed properly. Oil palm ash contains compounds needed to produce glass. Most of raw materials (especially silica) used to produce existing commercial glass are imported; therefore it is the best time to highlight the potential of local natural waste as the raw material in glass production. In this study, raw material characterization, glass production and glass product evaluation has been done. A few parameters have been recognized to have effect on green glass production such as mixing compositions and firing temperature. Oil palm ash has been washed and dried then sieved to get uniformity of particle size. Then, oil palm ash is mixed with other glass materials such as alumina and flux and undergone melting process at 1400°C. Through the experiments, the best glass compositions are as follows: 80% palm ash, 10% kaolin and 10% feldspar or 10% dolomite while the suitable temperature being used for sintering process to produced end product is range between 1150°C to 1200°.

Mechanical Performance of the Phosphogypsum Baking-free Bricks

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyu Guo ◽  
Yajing Mao ◽  
Lizhai Pei ◽  
Chuangang Fan
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Consolidation Process ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Freeze Thaw ◽  
Xrd Patterns ◽  
Softening Coefficient

Background: A large amount of phosphogypsum occupies the land and causes the environmental pollution. It is of great research significance and urgency to utilization of the phosphogypsum. Methods: The influence of the ratio of the cementing materials and phosphogypsum (C/P ratio) on the compressive strength, water absorption, softening coefficient and freeze-thaw stability of the phosphogypsum baking-free bricks was investigated. The consolidation process of the phosphogypsum baking-free bricks was analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results: XRD patterns show that the phosphogypsum baking-free bricks curved for 28 d are mainly composed of monoclinic CaSO4•2H2O and hexagonal Ca6Al2(SO4)3(OH)12•26H2O (Aft) phases. SEM observation shows that the phosphogypsum bricks consist of Aft nanorods and irregular microscale particles. The softening coefficient, water-resistant performance and freeze-thaw stability of the phosphogypsum baking-free bricks remarkably decrease with decreasing the C/P ratio. 28 d compressive strength decreases from 26.42 MPa to 15.58 MPa with the change of the C/P ratio from 1:1 to 1:2.5. The optimal ratio of the cementing materials and phosphogymsum is 1:1. The phosphogypsum baking-free bricks exhibit good stability after 18 freeze-thaw cycles. Conclusion: Phosphogypsum baking-free bricks were prepared by natural curing process using phosphogypsum as the raw materials, cement, slag, fly ash and silica fume as the cementing materials. The phosphogypsum baking-free bricks exhibit great application in the field of the building materials.

scholarly journals Effect of Fly Ash on Compressive Strength, Drying Shrinkage, and Carbonation Depth of Mortar with Ferronickel-Slag Powder

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 1037
Author(s):  
Se-Jin Choi ◽  
Ji-Hwan Kim ◽  
Sung-Ho Bae ◽  
Tae-Gue Oh
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Construction Industry ◽  
Bituminous Coal ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Drying Shrinkage ◽  
The Other ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Slag Powder ◽  
Ferronickel Slag

In recent years, efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions have continued worldwide. In the construction industry, a large amount of CO2 is generated during the production of Portland cement, and various studies are being conducted to reduce the amount of cement and enable the use of cement substitutes. Ferronickel slag is a by-product generated by melting materials such as nickel ore and bituminous coal, which are used as raw materials to produce ferronickel at high temperatures. In this study, we investigated the fluidity, microhydration heat, compressive strength, drying shrinkage, and carbonation characteristics of a ternary cement mortar including ferronickel-slag powder and fly ash. According to the test results, the microhydration heat of the FA20FN00 sample was slightly higher than that of the FA00FN20 sample. The 28-day compressive strength of the FA20FN00 mix was approximately 39.6 MPa, which was higher than that of the other samples, whereas the compressive strength of the FA05FN15 mix including 15% of ferronickel-slag powder was approximately 11.6% lower than that of the FA20FN00 mix. The drying shrinkage of the FA20FN00 sample without ferronickel-slag powder was the highest after 56 days, whereas the FA00FN20 sample without fly ash showed the lowest shrinkage compared to the other mixes.

Research on Simulation Test of Coal Similar Material

2013 ◽  
Vol 850-851 ◽  
pp. 847-850 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Chao Dai
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Similarity Theory ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Uniform Design ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Similar Material ◽  
Cement Ratio ◽  
Water Cement Ratio

In order to study the coal and gas outburst similar simulation experiment, coal similar material was made up based on the similarity theory. Based on the previous similar material study, the cement, sand, water, activated carbon and coal powder was selected as the raw material of similar material. Meanwhile similar material matching program with 5 factors and 6 levels was designed by using Uniform Design Method. And the physical and mechanical properties of the similar material compressive strength was measured under different proportions circumstances. The relationship between similar material and the raw materials was analyzed. The results show that choosing different materials can compound different similar materials with different requirements. And the water-cement ratio plays a decisive influence on the compressive strength of similar material. The compressive strength of similar material decreases linearly when the water-cement ratio increases.

scholarly journals PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH FLY ASH DARI PEMBAKARAN BATUBARA PADA PEMBUATAN SEMEN PCC (PORTLAND COMPOSITE CEMENT) DI PT SEMEN XYZ LAMPUNG

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dwi Septiyana Sari ◽  
◽  
Susanti Sundari
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Technical Aspect ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Physical Test ◽  
Composite Cement ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Cost

Abstract This study discusses the use of fly ash waste from coal burning on the manufacture of PCC (Portland composite cement) at PT. XYZ Lampung. The purpose of this research is to look at the technical studies and the efficiency of raw materials in the use of fly ash in cement making, in this case PCC cement (Portland Composite Cement). The steps taken in analyzing the data in this study were viewed from a technical aspect by means of a physical test, namely the cement compressive strength test at the age of 3 days, 7 days, and 28 days using the Compression Testing Machine. This test was conducted to see the comparison of the compressive strength of PCC cement using limestone and fly ash as raw materials, then calculate the difference in raw material costs in the year before and after the replacement of limestone with fly ash. The results showed that cement with the addition of fly ash after 3 days, 7 days and 28 days had an increased compressive strength value, which increased 21.69%, 16.07% and 8.05% respectively of the compressive strength of cement using limestone. The use of fly ash as a substitute for limestone has an effect on the cost of raw materials, where the difference between the cost of raw materials in 2019 and the cost of raw materials in 2018 is Rp. 39,440,952,074.

scholarly journals Mechanical Properties of Alkali Activated Material Based on Red Clay and Silica Gel Precursor

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 931-943
Author(s):  
Girts Bumanis ◽  
Danute Vaiciukyniene
Keyword(s):  
Silica Gel ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Alkali Activation ◽  
Production Plant ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Red Clay ◽  
Significant Strength ◽  
Naoh Solution ◽  
Alkali Activated

Abstract The search for alternative alumosilicates source for production of alkali activated materials (AAM) is intensively researched. Wide spread of natural materials such as clays and waste materials are one of potential alternatives. In this research AAM was made from local waste brick made of red clay and calcined low-carbonate illite clay precursor and its properties evaluated. Waste silica gel containing amorphous silica from fertilizer production plant was proposed as additional raw material. 6 M and 7 M NaOH alkali activation solutions were used to obtain AAM. Raw materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction, laser particle size analyser, DTA/TG. Raw illite clay was calcined at a temperature of 700 to 800 °C. Waste brick was ground similar as raw clay and powder was obtained. Replacement of red clay with silica gel from 2–50 wt.% in mixture composition was evaluated. Results indicate that the most effective activator was 6 M NaOH solution and AAM with strength up to 13 MPa was obtained. Ground brick had the highest strength results and compressive strength of AAM reached 25 MPa. Silica gel in small quantities had little effect of AAM strength while significant strength reduction was observed with the increase silica gel content. The efflorescence was observed for samples with silica gel.

scholarly journals Preliminary Archaeopetrological Study of the Lithic Industry From the l’Hort de la Boquera Rock Shelter (Margalef de Montsant, Tarragona, Spain): Applying Mineralogical and Geochemical Techniques

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 23-33
Author(s):  
Mar Rey-Solé ◽  
Maria Pilar García-Argüelles ◽  
Jordi Nadal ◽  
Xavier Mangado ◽  
Anders Scherstén ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Stone Tool ◽  
Petrographic Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Lithic Industry ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry

The l’Hort de la Boquera site is located in the northeastern part of Iberia and its stone tool assemblage includes up to 25,000 flint artefacts. This is the first approach to the analysis of the raw material through an archaeopetrological study. Results were obtained by use of mineralogi¬cal techniques: macroscopic and petrographic analysis, Scanning Electronic Microscopy (SEM), Micro-Raman and X-Ray diffraction (XRD); additionally, Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry was applied. It has been possible to discriminate at least four flint categories, the ‘Evaporitic flint type’ (with two local subvarieties – ‘Common evaporitic’ and ‘Garnet’ varieties) that comes from local outcrops of the Ulldemolins Complex, and two flint types that had their origin further afield: the ‘Charophyta flint type’ (coming from the Torrente de Cinca Unit) and the ‘Dark flint type’ (from the La Serra Llarga Formation).These results make this study the most comprehensive analysis of raw materials that has been carried out in the area so far

Study on Production of Autoclaved Aerated Concrete by Coal Gangue Fly Ash

2013 ◽  
Vol 357-360 ◽  
pp. 949-954
Author(s):  
Ye Zhang ◽  
Peng Xuan Duan ◽  
Bao Sheng Jia ◽  
Lei Li
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Drying Shrinkage ◽  
Coal Gangue ◽  
National Standards ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Autoclaved Aerated Concrete ◽  
Binder Ratio ◽  
Material Formulation ◽  
Aerated Concrete

In this paper, the low-silicon coal gangue fly ash is used to produce autoclaved aerated concrete. The influences of water binder ratio, coal gangue fly ash content, calcareous content and conditioning agents on the compressive strength of the autoclaved aerated concrete are investigated. Optimal raw material formulation and procedure are determined for the autoclaved aerated concrete. The compressive strength and frost resistance of autoclaved aerated concrete made by the optimal raw material formulation and procedure meet with the requirements of autoclaved aerated concretes of B05 grade, and its thermal conductivity, drying shrinkage reach the requirements of the relevant national standards of China.

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