Removal of Pb(II) Ions in Fixed-Bed Column from Electroplating Wastewater of Bursa, an Industrial City in Turkey

Removal of Pb(II) ions from electroplating wastewater of Bursa, an industrial city in Turkey, was investigated in fixed-bed column. The experiments were conducted to study the effect of important design parameters such as column bed height and flow rate. The breakthrough profiles were obtained in these studies. At a bed height of 14 cm and flow rate of 6 mL/min, the metal-uptake capacity of poly(ethylene glycol dimethacrylate-1-vinylimidazole) [poly(EGDMA-VIM)] beads for Pb(II) ions was found to be 90 mg/g. Bed Depth Service Time (BDST) model was used to analyse the experimental data and evaluate the performance of adsorption column. For various flow rates, adsorption capacity per unit bed volume (N0) and adsorption rate constant (ka) are in the range of 2370–3560 mg/mL and 0.0225–0.0616 L/mg h, respectively. The saturated column was easily regenerated by 0.1 M HNO3and the poly(EGDMA-VIM) beads in fixed-bed column could be reused for Pb(II) ions removal.

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Fixed-Bed Column Study for Zn (II) Removal from Solution Using Expanding Rice Husk

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.695.29 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 695 ◽

pp. 29-32

Author(s):

Zai Fang Deng ◽

Xue Gang Luo ◽

Xiao Yan Lin

Keyword(s):

Rice Husk ◽

Flow Rate ◽

Adsorption Process ◽

Fixed Bed ◽

Design Parameters ◽

Column Studies ◽

Fixed Bed Column ◽

Initial Concentration ◽

Bed Height ◽

Column Design

The performance of expanding rice husk (ERH) fixed bed column in removing Zn (II) from aqueous solution were studied in this work. Different column design parameters like bed height, flow rate and initial concentration were calculated. It was found that ERH was found to be an effective adsorbent for removal of Zn (II); and when conducted with Zn (II) concentration 12.8 mg L-1and flow rate 10 ml min-1with different bed depths such as 3, 6 and 9 cm, the equilibrium uptake was decreased from 5.181 to 4.33 mg g-1; the equilibrium uptake also decreased from 4.51 to 3.807 mg g-1with increasing of flow rate from 5 to 15 ml min-1and increased from 4.447 to 5.752 mg g-1when initial concentration increased from 12.8 to 35 mg L-1. The dynamics of adsorption process was modeled by bed depth service time (BDST), and indicating the validity of BDST model when applied to the continuous column studies.

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Fixed-Bed Column Technique for the Removal of Phosphate from Water Using Leftover Coal

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14195466 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (19) ◽

pp. 5466

Author(s):

Dereje Tadesse Mekonnen ◽

Esayas Alemayehu ◽

Bernd Lennartz

Keyword(s):

Flow Rate ◽

Breakthrough Curve ◽

Nutrient Loading ◽

Fixed Bed ◽

Phosphate Concentration ◽

Design Parameters ◽

Phosphate Adsorption ◽

Fixed Bed Column ◽

Adsorption Sites ◽

Bed Height

The excessive discharge of phosphate from anthropogenic activities is a primary cause for the eutrophication of aquatic habitats. Several methodologies have been tested for the removal of phosphate from aqueous solutions, and adsorption in a flow-through reactor is an effective mechanism to reduce the nutrient loading of water. This research aimed to investigate the adsorption potential of leftover coal material to remove phosphate from a solution by using continuous flow fixed-bed column, and analyzes the obtained breakthrough curves. A series of column tests were performed to determine the phosphorus breakthrough characteristics by varying operational design parameters such as adsorbent bed height (5 to 8 cm), influent phosphate concentration (10–25 mg/L), and influent flow rate (1–2 mL/min). The amorphous and crystalline property of leftover coal material was studied using XRD technology. The FT-IR spectrum confirmed the interaction of adsorption sites with phosphate ions. Breakthrough time decreased with increasing flow rate and influent phosphate concentration, but increased with increasing adsorbent bed height. Breakthrough-curve analysis showed that phosphate adsorption onto the leftover coal material was most effective at a flow rate of 1 mL/min, influent phosphate concentration of 25 mg/L, and at a bed height of 8 cm. The maximal total phosphate adsorbed onto the coal material’s surface was 243 mg/kg adsorbent. The Adams–Bohart model depicted the experimental breakthrough curve well, and overall performed better than the Thomas and Yoon–Nelson models did, with correlation values (R2) ranging from 0.92 to 0.98. Lastly, leftover coal could be used in the purification of phosphorus-laden water, and the Adams–Bohart model can be employed to design filter units at a technical scale.

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Sorption of Ag+ and Cu2+ by Vermiculite in a Fixed-Bed Column: Design, Process Optimization and Dynamics Investigations

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app8112221 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (11) ◽

pp. 2221 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Olga Długosz ◽

Marcin Banach

Keyword(s):

Flow Rate ◽

Continuous Process ◽

Fixed Bed ◽

Copper Ion ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Breakthrough Curves ◽

Fixed Bed Column ◽

Column System ◽

Total Percentage ◽

Bed Height

Vermiculite has been used for the removal of Cu 2 + and Ag + from aqueous solutions in a fixed-bed column system. The effects of initial silver and copper ion concentrations, flow rate, and bed height of the adsorbent in a fixed-bed column system were investigated. Statistical analysis confirmed that breakthrough curves depended on all three factors. The highest inlet metal cation concentration (5000 mg/dm3), the lowest bed height (3 cm) and the lowest flow rate (2 and 3 cm3/min for Ag + and Cu 2 + , respectively) were optimal for the adsorption process. The maximum total percentage of metal ions removed was 60.4% and 68.7% for Ag+ and Cu2+, respectively. Adsorption data were fitted with four fixed-bed adsorption models, namely Clark, Bohart–Adams, Yoon–Nelson and Thomas models, to predict breakthrough curves and to determine the characteristic column parameters. The adsorbent was characterized by SEM, FTIR, EDS and BET techniques. The results showed that vermiculite could be applied as a cost-effective sorbent for the removal of Cu 2 + and Ag + from wastewater in a continuous process.

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Study of a fixed-bed column in the adsorption of an azo dye from an aqueous medium using a chitosan–glutaraldehyde biosorbent

Adsorption Science & Technology ◽

10.1177/0263617416688021 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 36 (1-2) ◽

pp. 215-232 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Jaime López-Cervantes ◽

Dalia I Sánchez-Machado ◽

Reyna G Sánchez-Duarte ◽

Ma A Correa-Murrieta

Keyword(s):

Flow Rate ◽

Service Time ◽

Fixed Bed ◽

Textile Dye ◽

Time Model ◽

Fixed Bed Column ◽

Bed Height ◽

Direct Blue ◽

Direct Blue 71 ◽

Bed Depth Service Time

A continuous adsorption study in a fixed-bed column was carried out using a chitosan–glutaraldehyde biosorbent for the removal of the textile dye Direct Blue 71 from an aqueous solution. The biosorbent was prepared from shrimp shells and characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The effects of chitosan–glutaraldehyde bed height (3–12 cm), inlet Direct Blue 71 concentration (15–50 mg l−1), and feed flow rate (1–3 ml min−1) on the column performance were analyzed. The highest bed capacity of 343.59 mg Direct Blue 71 per gram of chitosan–glutaraldehyde adsorbent was obtained using 1 ml min−1 flow rate, 50 mg l−1 inlet Direct Blue 71 concentration, and 3 cm bed height. The breakthrough curve was analyzed using the Adams–Bohart, Thomas, and bed depth service time mathematical models. The behaviors of the breakthrough curves were defined by the Thomas model at different conditions. The bed depth service time model showed good agreement with the experimental data, and the high values of correlation coefficients (R2 ≥ 0.9646) obtained indicate the validity of the bed depth service time model for the present column system.

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FIXED-BED ADSORPTION OF AQUEOUS VANILLIN ONTO RESIN H103

IIUM Engineering Journal ◽

10.31436/iiumej.v18i2.804 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

pp. 94-104

Author(s):

Rozaimi Abu Samah

Keyword(s):

Aqueous Solution ◽

Flow Rate ◽

Adsorption Process ◽

Fixed Bed ◽

Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽

Feed Flow Rate ◽

Fixed Bed Column ◽

Initial Concentration ◽

Bed Height ◽

Fixed Bed Adsorption

The main objective of this work was to design and model fixed bed adsorption column for the adsorption of vanillin from aqueous solution. Three parameters were evaluated for identifying the performance of vanillin adsorption in fixed-bed mode, which were bed height, vanillin initial concentration, and feed flow rate. The maximum adsorption capacity was increased more than threefold to 314.96 mg vanillin/g resin when the bed height was increased from 5 cm to 15 cm. Bohart-Adams model and Belter equation were used for designing fixed-bed column and predicting the performance of the adsorption process. A high value of determination coefficient (R2) of 0.9672 was obtained for the modelling of vanillin adsorption onto resin H103.

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Fixed Bed Column Filled with Rice Husk for the Removal of Cu (II) from Aqueous Solution

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.658.53 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 658 ◽

pp. 53-56

Author(s):

Zai Fang Deng ◽

Xue Gang Luo ◽

Xiao Yan Lin

Keyword(s):

Aqueous Solution ◽

Rice Husk ◽

Flow Rate ◽

Low Cost ◽

Fixed Bed ◽

Design Parameters ◽

Breakthrough Time ◽

Fixed Bed Column ◽

Initial Concentration ◽

Column Design

The performance of low-cost adsorbent such as rice husk fixed bed column in removing copper from aqueous solution were studied in this work. Different column design parameters like bed height, flow rate and initial concentration were calculated. It was found that at 10 mg/L concentration of Cu (Ⅱ) and at flow rate 5 mL/min with different bed depths such as 9, 12 and 15 cm, the breakthrough time increases from 150 to 260 min; the breakthrough time increases from 125 to 780 min with decreasing of flow rate from 15 to 5 mL/min and decreased from 260 to 50 min when initial concentration increased from 7 to 50 mg/L.

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Adsorption of Sb(III) from Aqueous Solution by nZVI/AC: A Magnetic Fixed-Bed Column Study

Nanomaterials ◽

10.3390/nano11081912 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 1912

Author(s):

Huijie Zhu ◽

Qiang Huang ◽

Mingyan Shi ◽

Shuai Fu ◽

Xiuji Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Flow Rate ◽

Fixed Bed ◽

Feed Solution ◽

Breakthrough Curves ◽

Contaminated Water ◽

Solution Ph ◽

Fixed Bed Column ◽

Ph Values ◽

Bed Height ◽

Bed Capacity

The effectiveness of nanoscale zero-valent iron(nZVI) immobilized on activated carbon (nZVI/AC) in removing antimonite (Sb(III)) from simulated contaminated water was investigated with and without a magnetic fix-bed column reactor. The experiments were all conducted in fixed-bed columns. A weak magnetic field (WMF) was proposed to increase the exclusion of paramagnetic Sb(III) ions by nZVI/AC. The Sb(III) adsorption to the nZVI and AC surfaces, as well as the transformation of Sb(III) to Sb(V) by them, were both increased by using a WMF in nZVI/AC. The increased sequestration of Sb(III) by nZVI/AC in the presence of WMF was followed by faster nZVI corrosion and dissolution. Experiments were conducted as a function of the pH of the feed solution (pH 5.0–9.0), liquid flow rate (5–15 mL·min−1), starting Sb(III) concentration (0.5–1.5 mg·L−1), bed height nZVI/AC (10–40 cm), and starting Sb(III) concentration (0.5–1.5 mg·L−1). By analyzing the breakthrough curves generated by different flow rates, different pH values, different inlet Sb(III) concentrations, and different bed heights, the adsorbed amounts, equilibrium nZVI uptakes, and total Sb(III) removal percentage were calculated in relation to effluent volumes. At pH 5.0, the longest nZVI breakthrough time and maximal Sb(III) adsorption were achieved. The findings revealed that the column performed effectively at the lowest flow rate. With increasing bed height, column bed capacity and exhaustion time increased as well. Increasing the Sb(III) initial concentration from 0.5 to 1.5 mg·L−1 resulted in the rise of adsorption bed capacity from 3.45 to 6.33 mg·g−1.

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Continuous fixed bed adsorption of Cu(II) by halloysite nanotube–alginate hybrid beads: an experimental and modelling study

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2014.148 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 70 (2) ◽

pp. 192-199 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Yanyan Wang ◽

Xiang Zhang ◽

Qiuru Wang ◽

Bing Zhang ◽

Jindun Liu

Keyword(s):

Adsorption Capacity ◽

Flow Rate ◽

Fixed Bed ◽

Halloysite Nanotubes ◽

Fixed Bed Column ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Bed Height ◽

Column Adsorption ◽

Fixed Bed Adsorption ◽

Adsorption Desorption

We used natural resources of halloysite nanotubes and alginate to prepare a novel porous adsorption material of organic–inorganic hybrid beads. The adsorption behaviour of Cu(II) onto the hybrid beads was examined by a continuous fixed bed column adsorption experiment. Meanwhile, the factors affecting the adsorption capacity such as bed height, influent concentration and flow rate were investigated. The adsorption capacity (Q0) reached 74.13 mg/g when the initial inlet concentration was 100 mg/L with a bed height of 12 cm and flow rate of 3 ml/min. The Thomas model and bed-depth service time fitted well with the experimental data. In the regeneration experiment, the hybrid beads retained high adsorption capacity after three adsorption–desorption cycles. Over the whole study, the new hybrid beads showed excellent adsorption and regeneration properties as well as favourable stability.

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Batch and fixed-bed column studies for the biosorption of Cu(II) and Pb(II) by raw and treated date palm leaves and orange peel

Global NEST Journal ◽

10.30955/gnj.002294 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 19 (3) ◽

pp. 464-478 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Flow Rate ◽

Date Palm ◽

Metal Removal ◽

Fixed Bed ◽

Orange Peel ◽

Batch Adsorption ◽

Fixed Bed Column ◽

Bed Height ◽

Adsorbent Dose

Herein, we describe the batch and fixed-bed column adsorption of Cu2+ and Pb2+ by raw and treated date palm leaves (DP) and orange peel (OP) waste biomass. Contact time, pH, adsorbent dose, and particle size were optimized in batch adsorption experiments, while breakthrough curves obtained in fixed-bed adsorption experiments were used to determine the effects of bed height, initial metal concentration, particle size, and flow rate. The use of treated DP and/or OP in batch adsorption mode increased the removal efficiency of metal ions by 20–30% compared to that observed for raw adsorbents. The equilibration time was estimated as 0.5 h, with rapid metal removal observed during the first 15 min at an optimum pH value of ~5. Increasing the adsorbent dose from 0.5 to 6–7 g enhanced the metal removal efficiency by ~60%, whereas a particle size increase from 50 to 300 µm decreased this value by about 30% for both Cu2+ and Pb2+ and both raw and treated DP/OP. Both breakthrough and exhaust times increased with increasing bed height of the fixed-bed column, and the effect observed for treated DP exceeded that observed for raw DP by a factor of two. Conversely, both breakthrough and exhaust times decreased with increasing initial metal concentration, particle size, and flow rate. Increasing the particle size from 100–150 to 300 µm changed the exhaust time by 8 h when treated DP was used for Pb2+ adsorption. The obtained linear regression coefficients (R2 = 0.9–0.99) suggest that both Thomas and Yoon–Nelson models are well-suited for predicting the adsorption performance of the present system.

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Desorption of Vitamin E from Silica-Packed Fixed-Bed Column by Isopropanol

International Journal of Food Engineering ◽

10.2202/1556-3758.1767 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 6 (5) ◽

Author(s):

Boon-Seang Chu ◽

Siew-Young Quek ◽

Badlishah Sham Baharin ◽

Yaakob Bin Che Man

Keyword(s):

Vitamin E ◽

Flow Rate ◽

Fixed Bed ◽

Operating Conditions ◽

Desorption Rate ◽

Fixed Bed Column ◽

Desorption Process ◽

Column Temperature ◽

Percentage Recovery ◽

Bed Height

Desorption of vitamin E from silica-packed fixed-bed column was studied as functions of column bed height, column temperature and flow rate of isopropanol. Isopropanol was the desorbing solvent and it was eluted through the columns saturated with vitamin E. The desorption profiles of all systems showed that vitamin E might desorb at two distinct rates simultaneously. The slow desorbing step was the rate-controlling process for recovery of vitamin E. The desorption rate increased with the decrease of column bed height and flow rate, but increased with increasing column temperature. This indicated that the desorption process was an endothermic process. The percentage recovery of vitamin E upon completion of desorption was considered high for all systems, ranging from 94.8 to 98.8%, with vitamin E concentration in the extract of 18.5-21.5%. Although the bed height, column temperature and flow rate were functions of desorption rate, it appeared that percentage recovery and vitamin E concentration in the extract were rather unaffected by the operating conditions tested if the column was eluted by isopropanol for a sufficient time to desorb vitamin E. Nevertheless, the use of isopropanol would be more efficient if desorption was carried out at lower flow rate and higher column temperature.

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