scholarly journals Analysis of Product Sampling for New Product Diffusion Incorporating Multiple-Unit Ownership

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhineng Hu ◽  
Yurong Pei ◽  
Ruikun Xie
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Diffusion Process ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
New Product ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Sampling Effort ◽  
Product Categories ◽  
Optimal Dynamic ◽  
Multiple Unit ◽  
Purchase Rate

Multiple-unit ownership of nondurable products is an important component of sales in many product categories. Based on the Bass model, this paper develops a new model considering the multiple-unit adoptions as a diffusion process under the influence of product sampling. Though the analysis aims to determine the optimal dynamic sampling effort for a firm and the results demonstrate that experience sampling can accelerate the diffusion process, the best time to send free samples is just before the product being launched. Multiple-unit purchasing behavior can increase sales to make more profit for a firm, and it needs more samples to make the product known much better. The local sensitivity analysis shows that the increase of both external coefficients and internal coefficients has a negative influence on the sampling level, but the internal influence on the subsequent multiple-unit adoptions has little significant influence on the sampling. Using the logistic regression along with linear regression, the global sensitivity analysis gives a whole analysis of the interaction of all factors, which manifests the external influence and multiunit purchase rate are two most important factors to influence the sampling level and net present value of the new product, and presents a two-stage method to determine the sampling level.

scholarly journals Latency-Bounded Target Set Selection in Signed Networks

Algorithms ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriam Di Ianni ◽  
Giovanna Varricchio
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Diffusion Process ◽  
Large Fraction ◽  
New Product ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Viral Marketing ◽  
Dynamic Processes ◽  
Diffusion Of Information ◽  
Target Set ◽  
Target Set Selection

It is well-documented that social networks play a considerable role in information spreading. The dynamic processes governing the diffusion of information have been studied in many fields, including epidemiology, sociology, economics, and computer science. A widely studied problem in the area of viral marketing is the target set selection: in order to market a new product, hoping it will be adopted by a large fraction of individuals in the network, which set of individuals should we “target” (for instance, by offering them free samples of the product)? In this paper, we introduce a diffusion model in which some of the neighbors of a node have a negative influence on that node, namely, they induce the node to reject the feature that is supposed to be spread. We study the target set selection problem within this model, first proving a strong inapproximability result holding also when the diffusion process is required to reach all the nodes in a couple of rounds. Then, we consider a set of restrictions under which the problem is approximable to some extent.

Backward Profiling of Male Innovators

1974 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
William R. Darden ◽  
Fred D. Reynolds
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Process ◽  
New Product ◽  
Analysis Approach ◽  
Product Diffusion ◽  
Innovative Behavior ◽  
Product Categories ◽  
New Product Diffusion ◽  
Simultaneous Study

Male innovative behavior is examined from the perspective of a multidimensional conceptualization of the innovator. The analysis suggests that the simultaneous study of innovative behavior for several product categories yields meaningful bases for segmenting male suburbanites. The multidimensional conceptualization and the analysis approach appear to offer insights into the new product diffusion process of suburban males.

scholarly journals Life-Cycle Break-Even Analysis of Electric Carsharing: A Comparative Study in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (16) ◽  
pp. 6584
Author(s):  
Jingjing Jia ◽  
Shujie Ma ◽  
Yixi Xue ◽  
Deyang Kong
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Market Price ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Field Investigation ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Business To Consumer ◽  
Influential Variable

Electric carsharing (ECS) is a potential option to address the problem of unsustainability in the transportation sector. The business-to-consumer model of ECS, which is one of several different electric carsharing models, has gained much popularity in recent years. Generating sufficient revenue to cover costs is a critical factor for ECS companies to maintain healthy development. This study makes an economic analysis, on the basis of life-cycle cost and monetary revenue associated with the operation of ECS, of two Chinese ECS companies: EVCARD and LCCS. Based on data gathered by field investigation, this study aims to determine the break-even moment for each company’s main vehicle models by means of the net present value method. The results show that EVCARD achieved an earlier break-even moment than LCCS. The break-even moment of Chery eQ of EVCARD was the shortest of all the vehicle models, at only 181.3 min. Moreover, a sensitivity analysis was conducted to portray how different cost-related and revenue-related factors influence the break-even moment. Our findings indicate that a wide difference exists in terms of the influence of different factors on the break-even moment. Among these, the manufacturer’s suggested retail price is the most influential variable, followed by the unit rental price. The reaction of the break-even moment to the market price of a charging pile and the non-rental revenue per vehicle—especially the latter—was found to be negligible in the sensitivity analysis.

scholarly journals ANALISA FINANSIAL PROYEK PEMBANGUNAN JALAN TOL AA DI JAWA TIMUR

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 40
Author(s):  
Adham Indra Kusuma, Marjono, Fauziah S.C.S Maisarah
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Financial Analysis ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Rate Of Return ◽  
Maintenance Cost ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Toll Road ◽  
Investment Cost

One attempt to create a good transport system is the construction of new roads toll roads. A toll road construction soon to be implemented is AA segment a which is of  investment oriented and expected to give profits to the investors. According to the plan, the toll road is 40.5 km long development is divided into 4 sections. Data required to perform financial analysis is the cost of investment, operation and maintenance cost, traffic volume, and the toll rate plans. These data to find the values of the parameters used to calculate the financial analysis include the Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR), and Payback Period (PP). The financial analysis will use two funding alternatives, alternative I using 100% equity, alternative II using 30% equity and 70%  loan. The purpose of this study is to determine the results of the financial analysis of the parameter values of highway construction project feasibility and determine the most influential factors after a sensitivity analysis has been made. Based on the financial analysis the investment cost results in IDR 3,827,698,222,645. The financial analysis NPV parameters alternative I results in IDR 661,439,934,962 and alternative II in IDR 230,334,925,350 which means they are feasible because both NPVs are greater than 0; both the IRR of 14.18% for alternative I and 13.02% for alternative II are greater than Minimum Attractive Rate Of Return (MARR) value of 12.42%; so, they are feasible; the value of BCR of alternative I is of 1.13 and alternative II is of 1.04; so, they are feasible because the value of BCR is greater than 1. While the PP of alternative I in the period of 12.1 years and alternative II in the period of 13.5 years. The sensitivity analysis of alternatives I and II result in  the most influential alternative—when construction period experiences ≥ 3 years backwards.Keywords: investment cost, financial analysis, sensitivity analysis.

scholarly journals Economic Evaluation of Fiscal Regime on EOR Implementation in Indonesia: A Case Study of Low Salinity Water Injection on Field X

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-35
Author(s):  
Adityawarman Adityawarman ◽  
Faridh Afdhal Aziz ◽  
Prasandi Abdul Aziz ◽  
Purnomo Yusgiantoro ◽  
Steven Chandra
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Water Injection ◽  
Oil Production ◽  
Oil Price ◽  
Low Salinity ◽  
Low Salinity Water ◽  
Fiscal Regimes ◽  
Salinity Water ◽  
Low Salinity Water Injection

There are currently two fiscal regimes designated for resource allocation in Indonesia’s upstream oil and gas industry, the Production Sharing Contract Cost Recovery (PSC) and Gross Split. The Gross Split in the form of additional percentage split is designed to encourage contractors to implement Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) in mature fields. Low Salinity Water Injection (LSWI) is an emerging EOR technique in which the salinity of the injected water is controlled. It has been proven to be relatively cheaper and has simpler implementations than other EOR options in several countries. This study evaluates the LSWI project’s economy using PSC and Gross Split and then to be compared to conventional waterflooding (WF) project’s economy. There are four cases on Field X that are simulated using a commercial simulator for 5 years. The cases are evaluated under PSC and Gross Split to calculate the project’s economy. The economic indicators that will be evaluated are the Net Present Value (NPV) and sensitivity analysis is also conducted to observe the change of NPV. The parameters for sensitivity analysis are Capital Expenditure (CAPEX), Operating Expenditure (OPEX), Oil Production, and Oil Price. It is found that LSWI implementation using Gross Split is more profitable than PSC. The parameters that affects NPV the most in all PSC cases are the oil production and oil price. On the other hand, in Gross Split cases, the oil production is the parameter that affects NPV the most, followed by oil price. The novelty of this study is in the comparison of project’s economy between WF and LSWI using two different fiscal regimes to see whether Gross Split is more profitable than PSC on EOR implementation, specifically the LSWI at Field X.

scholarly journals A STUDENT DORMITORY AS AN EDUCATIONAL SUPPORTING FACILITY: AN ENTERPRISE BUDGET ANALYSIS

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Etty Susilowati ◽  
Sugiharto Sugiharto ◽  
Leonnard Leonnard ◽  
Budi Srihartati
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Cash Flows ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Net Benefit ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Budget Analysis ◽  
Managerial Implications ◽  
Feasibility Test

The availability of student dormitories has become a major attraction for universities in Indonesia since many universities have provided this facility. In this study, we examine the potential of a student dormitory development at the Budi Luhur University, especially in terms of finance for student interests and education providers. Primary data were collected from 185 students and were analyzed by employing feasibility test of Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Net Benefit Cost Ratio (Net B/C), Profitability Index (PI) and Pay Back Period (PP). Sensitivity analysis was also carried out both in terms of cost and income to anticipate the uncertainty that may occur. The findings indicated that the total investment required in the construction of the student dormitory was Rp 155,857,800 with an average revenue per annum of Rp 58,314,741,732. The results of the investment valuation analysis of net cash flows for 30 years indicated the NPV value of Rp 187,355,802,592, IRR of 21%, Net B/C of 10.57, PI of 2.20, and PBP 6.45 years. This proved that the investment in the student dormitory construction was considered feasible. Finally, from the sensitivity analysis of changes in occupancy rate, rental rates and operational costs, it was concluded that the investment in dormitory construction would be unfeasible when occupancy rates and rents were at the level of 80% down. Further managerial implications were discussed.

An Exploratory Investigation of Organizational Antecedents to New Product Success

1997 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doug Ayers ◽  
Robert Dahlstrom ◽  
Steven J. Skinner
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
New Product ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Perceived Effectiveness ◽  
New Product Success ◽  
Product Success ◽  
Relational Norms ◽  
Exploratory Investigation ◽  
New Product Research

The authors present a model that suggests that integration between marketing and research and development (R&D), managerial controls, and relational norms influences new product success. The model is tested with a sample of 115 engineers and marketing personnel involved in 19 new product projects for a multinational computer manufacturer. The results indicate that managerial controls influence integration, relational norms, and perceived effectiveness. Integration between marketing and R&D fosters stronger relational norms, perceived effectiveness, and new product success. Relational norms enhance perceptions of effectiveness, yet they have a negative influence on new product success. The authors conclude with a discussion of the implications of these findings for best practice in new product research and application.

scholarly journals An Analysis of the Effectiveness of Two Rainwater Harvesting Systems Located in Central Eastern Europe

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Stec ◽  
Martina Zeleňáková
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Payback Period ◽  
Practical Aspect ◽  
Financial Ratios ◽  
Present Value ◽  
Toilet Flushing ◽  
Harvesting Systems ◽  
The Impact

Decentralized water systems are perceived as solutions that not only save water, but also as a way to partially or completely become independent from centralized suppliers. Taking this into account, an analysis of the effectiveness of rainwater harvesting systems (RWHS) for toilet flushing in existing academic facilities located in Poland and in Slovakia was carried out. The tests took into account the different volumes of storage tanks collecting rainwater. On the basis of two financial ratios, namely Net Present Value and Discounted Payback Period, the profitability of these systems was also assessed. The research was extended by the sensitivity analysis, which allowed determination of the impact of changes in individual cost components on the financial effectiveness of the investments considered. The results obtained clearly showed that the implementation of RWHS in the dormitory in Rzeszów was unprofitable for all tank capacities tested, and the payback period significantly exceeded the period of 30 years accepted for the analysis. Completely different results were obtained for RWHS in a dormitory located in the city of Košice, for which the financial ratios NPV (Net Present Value) and DPP (Discounted Payback Period) were very favorable. It was also confirmed by the results of the sensitivity analysis. The use of rainwater for toilet flushing caused that it was possible to achieve water savings of an average of 29% and 18%, respectively, for facilities located in Slovakia and Poland. The results of the research have a practical aspect and can provide an indication for potential investors and managers of academic facilities, similar to those analyzed in the article. Taking into account that in many countries water and sewage rates are significantly higher than in Poland and Slovakia, the cost-effectiveness of using the analyzed installation options in these countries could be even higher.

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